Résumé
Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of bacteria and their susceptibility to antimicrobials and to establish a basis for empirical treatment of the neonatal infections. Methods:Identification of bacteria were performed according to the National Standard of Clinical Microbiological Test. Disk diffusion were used for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Results: A total of 2,244 strains were isolated from the samples collected in our neonatal ward from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998. The predominant species ranked the first three were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli in the group I (infections acquired outside of hospital). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked the first three in the group Ⅱ(nosocomial infections). The resistance rates of bacterial isolates from group Ⅱ to antimicrobial agents including penicillin and ampicillin were significantly higher than that from group I (P＜0.05). The sensitivity rate was 82.2% by using amikacin only, but raised to 89% when combined with penicillin. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens of nosocomial infections of neonates in our hospital but Gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogens of infections acquired outside of hospital. The nosocomial pathogens were more prone to developing drug resistance. It is recommended that the combinative use of amikacin and penicillin be employed as primary antibiotics for treatment of neonatal infections.
Résumé
Objective To study the prevalence of perinatal chlamydia trachomatis infection in the city of Chongqing. Methods First void urine (FVU) samples and cervical smear from 512 pregnant women (gestational age≥28 weeks) were collected. According to the “expanded gold standard”, the methodologic indices were compared between Gap LCR ELISA using plasmid probes and omp1 probes on FVU and cervical smear, respectively. Results (1) CT infection in pregnancy is usually asymptomatic. Forty two CT positive cases were confirmed by “expanded gold standard” indicating a prevalence of CT infection in pregnant women in Chongqing was 8.20%(42/512). Among these 42 women, 37 (88.1%) were detected from both FVU and cervical smear, while positive results were shown in 4 cases (9.5%) from cervical smear and only one case (1/42) 2.4% from FVU . (2) The sensitivity of Gap LCR ELISA using plasmid probes and ompl probes were 90.48% and 71.43% ( P 0.05). The specificity of all Gap LCR ELISA tests were 100%. Conclusions FVU plasmid Gap LCR ELISA is a noninvasive, highly sensitive and specific method which is suitable for large scale screening for perinatal CT infections in pregnant women in developing countries and regions.