Identification of Chrysanthemum indicum and its adulterants based on ITS2 barcode / 中国中药杂志

DNA barcode technology was used to establish a rapid identification method of Chrysanthemum indicum based on ITS2 sequences. The total DNA was extracted from 22 collected samples,and the ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced,and the information of ITS2 sequence was obtained. Another 14 items of the same family or the same genus were downloaded from Gen Bank.We aligned all 36 sequences,calculated the intraspecific and interspecific distances,and constructed Neighbor Joining( NJ) phylogenetic tree,using MEGA 7. 0. The difference of the secondary structure between the ITS2 sequences was compared. The results showed that the genetic distance of Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium was overlapped,but the maximum intraspecific distance was far less than the minimum interspecific distance between and among Ch. indicum and other species,with an obvious barcoding gap. The NJ tree showed that Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium shared a clade,and most of Ch. morifolium with some Ch. indicum were shared a subclade,while Inula lineariifolia,Sinosenecio oldhamianus and Senecio scandens belonged to one clade separately. ITS2 secondary structures for I. lineariifolia,S. oldhamianus and S. scandens were significantly different enough to identify completely but Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium shared two secondary structures of A and B. It was proved that Ch. indicum was one of the evolutionary sources of Ch.morifolium. Therefore ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode can identify Ch. indicum and its adulterants accurately and quickly. The study provides an important basis for Ch. indicum for the identification of germplasm resources and the safety of clinical medication.

Hydrogen-water ameliorates radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity via MyD88’s effects on the gut microbiota

Although radiation therapy is a cornerstone of modern management of malignancies, various side effects are inevitably linked to abdominal and pelvic cancer after radiotherapy. Radiation-mediated gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity impairs the life quality of cancer survivors and even shortens their lifespan. Hydrogen has been shown to protect against tissue injuries caused by oxidative stress and excessive inflammation, but its effect on radiation-induced intestinal injury was previously unknown. In the present study, we found that oral gavage with hydrogen-water increased the survival rate and body weight of mice exposed to total abdominal irradiation (TAI); oral gavage with hydrogen-water was also associated with an improvement in GI tract function and the epithelial integrity of the small intestine. Mechanistically, microarray analysis revealed that hydrogen-water administration upregulated miR-1968-5p levels, thus resulting in parallel downregulation of MyD88 expression in the small intestine after TAI exposure. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing showed that hydrogen-water oral gavage resulted in retention of the TAI-shifted intestinal bacterial composition in mice. Collectively, our findings suggested that hydrogen-water might be used as a potential therapeutic to alleviate intestinal injury induced by radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic cancer in preclinical settings.

Analysis of Therapy and Efficacy after Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapy and efficacy after remission of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 110 patients diagnosed as AML treated from 2008 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. According to different consolidation therapy regimens, the patients were divided into 4 groups:1 ID-Ara-C group, 2 ID-Ara-C group, 3-4 ID-Ara-C group, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) group. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed retrospectovely.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>110 patients were completely remittend by 1-2 couses. The median follow-up time was 26.8 months, 35 cases relapsed and 58 cases died, the median DFS and OS were 20.5 and 26.8 months. The 3-year DFS of 1, 2, 3-4 ID-Ara-C and allo-HSCT groups were 0%, 36.1%, 37.5% and 67.9% respectively. The 5-year DFS of 1, 2, 3-4 ID-Ara-C and allo-HSCT groups were 0%, 30.1%, 37.5% and 63.0%. The 3-year OS rates of 1, 2 ID-Ara-C groups, 3-4 ID-Ara-C group and allo-HSCT group were 24.0%, 36.0%, 58.3% and 67.8%. The 5-year OS of 1, 2 ID-Ara-C grous, 3-4 ID-Ara-C and allo-HSCT group were 24.0%, 36.0%, 58.3% and 67.8% respectively. The 5-year OS rates of 1 ID-Ara-C group, 2 ID-Ara-C group, 3-4 ID-Ara-C group were 0%,30.0%,35.0% and 62.9% respectively. The multifactor analysis indicated that the courses of ID-Ara-C and allo-HSCT were independent risk factors for DFS and OS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>≥2 ID-Ara-C regimen may be used as one regimen of consolidation therapy for patients with AML after remission.</p>

Protective Effect of S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine against DNA Damage in Irradiated Mice / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the protective effect of S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine,a new cysteine derivative,on DNA damage induced by radiation by using acute radiation injury animal models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups:the control group,1.0Gy gamma irradiation group,1.0Gy gamma irradiation combined with S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine group,7.2Gy gamma irradiation group,and 7.2Gy gamma irradiation combined with S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine group,with 8 mice in each group.The comet assay and bone marrow polychromatic micronucleus experiments were performed to evaluate the double-strand DNA breaks in ICR mice exposed to 1.0 and 7.2Gy gamma-ray, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tail DNA percentage,tail length,tail moment,and olive tail moment of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 7.2Gy gamma irradiation group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01).And it was also observed that above experimental indexes of 7.2Gy gamma irradiation combined with S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine group was significantly less than that of 7.2Gy gamma irradiation group (P<0.05). In addition,the micronucleus rate of 1.0Gy gamma irradiation group and 7.2Gy gamma irradiation group were both significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). In addition,in mice given S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine before irradiation,the micronucleus rate of ICR mice exposed to 1.0 and 7.2Gy gamma-ray decreased from (39.5000 ± 3.3141)‰ to (28.1667±4.1345)‰ (P=0.033) and from (76.5000 ± 4.6242)‰ to (22.8333 ± 3.6553)‰(P=0.000),respectively. The bone marrow polychromatic micronucleus experiment indicated that the value of polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE)/normochromatic erythrocyte(NCE) of ICR mice exposed to 1.0 and 7.2Gy gamma-ray was less than the control group(P<0.05). Meanwhile,after irradiating by certain dose,the value of PCE/NCE in mice given S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine before irradiation was significantly higher than the corresponding groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine has a good protective effect against DNA damage induced by radiation.</p>