Frequency and site distribution of oroantral fistula - a study

The objective of the study was to determine the most vulnerable sites and side involved in oroantral fistula creation. Oroantral communication [OAC] and subsequent formation of oroantral fisturla is a common complication of dental extraction of maxillary molars. Chronic oroantral fistula may complicate into chronic sinusitis and its sequelae. The study was carried out on 60 patients with oroantral fistula reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar from Aug 2004 to Aug 2007. diagnostic criteria were history, clinical examination, Periapical views, orthopantomogram and paranasal air sinuses [PNS] view. Maxillary first molar was involved in 60% cases, second molar in 30%, last molar in 6% and premolars in 4% cases. Right side was involved [52%] and left side [48%]

Use of mobile phones while driving and resultingfacial injuries

The purpose of this study was to give an overview of drivers use of mobile phones while driving and its role in motor vehicle crashes and subsequent facial injuries. 200 patients who were either drivers or passengers involved in facial injuries as a result of road traffic crashes between January 2008 and November 2008 were included in this study. They were seen in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Khyber College of Dentistry, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. All relevant informations were collected on a specially designed Proforma and analysed using SPSS version 17. Male outnumbered female with a male to female ratio of 6:1. Passengers were injured more frequently [60%] as compared to the drivers [40%]. 32 drivers [40%] out of 80 had used mobile phone at the time of accident. Among those drivers [n=32] who had used mobile phone at the time of accident, the 3rd decade was the most commonly involved age group followed by 2nd decade. Mandible was the most common bone involved in 46.88% of the cases followed by Zygomatic complex fractures [21.88%].This study has highlighted the problem of road traffic injuries among drivers and passengers asa serious public health problem. Mobile phone users commit more errors and lapses than non-mobilephone users. It seems that cellular mobile phone bring extra workload to memory and share attention sources, which causes accidents by distracting the attention of drivers

Characteristics of maxillofacial fractures resulting from road traffic accidents- an analysis of 250 patients

The purpose of this study was to document the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures resulting from road traffic accidents. The study was carried on 250 patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures resulting from road traffic accidents. On the basis of history, clinical and radiological examination, fractures were classified as dentoalveolar fracture, mandibular fracture, maxillary fracture [Lefort I, II and III], isolated zygomatic arch fracture, zygomatic complex fracture, nasal bone and orbital fractures. Data was analysed by statistical analysis tool using SPSS version 17. Males in their 2[nd] and 3[rd] decades were the most common victims. Among the isolated bone fractures [n=208], mandible was the most commonly fractured bone [n=104] followed by zygomatic complex [n=50]. The frequently observed pattern among mandibular fracture was parasymphysis [31.6%], among zygomatic complex was Group IV [n=29] while maxillary fractures showed a pattern of combined Lefort I, II and III [n=21]. Road traffic accidents are predictable and preventable. Basic knowledge regarding road safety measures and its implementation is necessary. It can be concluded from this study that majority of the patients were young adult males. The most common bone fractured was mandible both in isolation and combination

Effects of pre operative administration of diclofenac potassium on pain intensity following impacted mandibular third molar surgery

To evaluate the effect of pre operatively administered Diclofenac potassium, on the postoperative management of pain following removal of impacted lower third molars. The study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, from Jan 2009 to June 2009. Fifty patients were recruited in this study who were equally distributed into group I and group II. Post operative pain was assessed using a four-point Category bating Scale. In this study more males were recruited than females and the ratio of male to female was 2:1. Majority of the patients [56%] recruited were in 3[rd] decade of life followed by 4[th] decade [32%]. In group I, 80% were those who had no post operative pain after 48 hours while in group II 86% of the patients showed moderate to severe pain postoperatively. This study illustrated the enhanced effects of pre operative administration of Diclofenac potassium on short-term postoperative pain, compared to those patients who do not receive diclofenac potassium prior to third molar surgery

Pattern of zygomatic bone fractures and treatment modalities: a study

This study was designed to determine the pattern of zygomatic bone fracture, etiology and treatment options. The term pattern in this study was used for the sites/processes of zygomatic bone fracture. The variables evaluated were age, gender, sites of fracture and treatment options. A total of 81 patients with zygomatic bone fracture were treated in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar for a period of one year from July 2007 to June 2008. Majority of patients were young males in 3rd and 4th decade. Male to female ratio was 12.5:1. Road traffic accidents [76.5%] were the most common and interpersonal violence 2.5% as the least common etiology of zygomatic bone fracture. In 28.4% patients, zygomatic bone was fractured at single site while in 71.6% it was fractured at more than one. Fracture at zygomatic buttress and infraorbital rim [27.2%] in combination was most common finding. Twenty three percent patients did not require treatment, 32.1% zygomatic bone fractures were reduced indirectly and 44.4% were reduced directly by open reduction and internal fixation

Frequency and demography of commonly occurring odontogenic cysts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [Pakistan]

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and demography of commonly occurring Odontogenic cysts in Khyber Pukhtun Khwa [province of Pakistan] population. A descriptive [case series] study was carried out from October 11, 2006 to October 10, 2007 at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. The frequency of common Odontogenic cysts was 2.6%. Majority were found in the age range of 11-20 and 21-30 years with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. 71.4% Radicular and 64.3% Dentigerous cysts were found in the maxilla while 75% of Odontogenic Keratocysts were found in the mandible. The most common site of Radicular cysts in maxilla was Canine to Canine, for Dentigerous cysts it was Incisor/Premolar and Odontogenic Keratocysts were mostly seen in Incisor/Premolar/Molar region. The most common location of Radicular cysts in the mandible was Canine to Canine, Dentigerous cysts Molar and Odontogenic Keratocysts Molar/Ramus region. The present study gives sufficient knowledge about frequency and demography of common Odontogenic cysts in Khyber Pukhtun Khwa population

Occurrence and characteristics of maxillofacial injuries - a study

This descriptive study was undertaken to evaluate and analyze the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in 340 patients reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar from Oct 2005 to May 2007. These patients were examined both clinically and radiologically for maxillofacial fractures. Data regarding the age, gender, cause of fracture and site of fracture were evaluated and reviewed. The age range was 2-28 years [mean 25 +/- 16.4years] with high frequency occurring in 21-30 years age group. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The leading cause of maxillofacial fracture was road traffic accident [RTA [n=154; 45.2%]], followed by accidental fall [n=101; 29.7%] and firearm injury [FAI [n=49; 14.4%]]. It was noted that road traffic accident and fall caused most of the parasymphyseal [n=90] and condylar fractures [n=65] in mandible, while firearm injury and assault caused more body [n=18] and angle [n=20] fractures. Maxillary bone fractures [55.5%] were common followed by zygomatic bone [38.8%]. This study can guide us to formulate strategies and policies to prevent maxillofacial fractures

Success of dental amalgam as a retrograde filling material - a comparative observational study

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of dental amalgam as retrograde filling material compared to gutta-percha. A prospective and comparative observational study was carried out on 30 patients at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar from October 2004 to October 2009 with or without retrograde amalgam filling and the success was determined at the end of the year both radio-graphically and clinically. The radio graphic success rate was 86.6% and the clinical success rate was 73.3% where amalgam was used as retrograde filling material

Microvascular decompression for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: ultimate solution to the management dilemma

Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia is one of the most distressing craniofacial pain syndromes and micro vascular decompression is claimed to be the only best treatment option. The objectives of the study were to analyze the theory of neurovascular conflict as the basic pathology and prove the ineffectiveness of ablative procedures. A prospective observation study was carried out on 110 consecutive patients of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia who went under micro vascular decompression. Clinical presentations and operative findings were recorded, analyzed and statistically correlated. Speical note was made of the previous interventions. All cases of secondary trigeminal neuralgia were excluded with the help of MRI brain. The result showed that in 90% cases superior cerebellar artery was the cause of compression on the root entry zone. It was concluded from this study that basic cause of the idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is a vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve near its root entry zone and micro vascular decompression is the only best treatment option available at present. Moreover, correct interpretation of the symptoms is essenital to avoid inappropriate intervention

Staging and grading of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

The study was undertaken on the biopsies confirmed patients of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the tongue, in oral and maxillofacial surgical unit of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar for a period of27 months i.e.,. From January 2004 to March 2006. A total of23 patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were included in the study. Most of the patients were in advanced stege [stage III and IV], 43.47% and 30.43% respectively on the basis of TNM classification of staging. The most common histopathological pattern was well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma G1 [73.91%]. Posterior lateral border of the tongue is the most common site of the tongue involved [52.17%]. SCC of the tongue was more common in males [65%] as compared to females 35%. The age range was 28 to 77 years with the mean age 0 f 46.21 years [SD + 12.28] with the maximum incidence in the .4th decade of life. 39.13% of the patients were snuff [Niswar] dippers. The aim of the study was to determine the TNM staging and grading of patients with sec of the tongue. This system provides an objective standardized assessment to aid planning, facilitating the exchange of information and determining the prognosis and potential for cure

Retrospective analysis of 268 cases of fractures of mandible

The purpose of the study was to determine the causes of fractures of mandible, age groups and gender involvement in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. This study was conducted at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar University Campus from 1[st] January to 31[st] December 2002. 268 patients with mandibular fractures were recorded in this study. The patients age range was from 2 to 70 years

Out of 268 cases of mandibular fractures, 118 patients [44%] were the result of road traffic accidents. Interpersonal violence was responsible for 67 cases [25%] while 43 cases [16%] were due to fall. 35 patients [13%] were found due to gun shot injuries and 5 cases [2%] were due to other injuries.213 patients [79.4%] were male, thus male to female ratio was 3.87:1

comparison of sealing capabilities of amalgum, GIC and zinc oxide eugenol cement when used as retro grade filling materials [in vitro study]

The objective of this study was to compare sealing capabilities of different filling materials when used as retrograde filling materials following apiceotomy [to check their sealing abilities as retro filling]. In this study apical seal obtained following reverse retrograde root filling with amalgam, was compared with those obtained with, Glassinomer [GIC] and Zinc oxide eugonal [ZnO2E] cement. The root canals of 50 extracted single rooted upper anterior human teeth were used in this study. The root canals were instrumented and obturated with laterally condensed, gutta-percha and zinc oxide sealer. Each tooth was apically resected at 90 degrees to its long axis and the root surface isolated with two coats of nail polish. Teeth were divided into 4 groups, the 1st group received amalgam retrograde filling, the 2nd and 3rd group was retro filled with GIC and ZnO2E cement respectively and the 4th control group received no retrograde root filling. All these teeth were suspended in 1% methylene blue dye at room temperature for 72 hours, the roots were sectioned and dye penetration measured by using [stereomicroscope] microscope. The sealing abilities of these materials were determined by their ability to inhibit dye penetration. The result of this study has shown that GIC is just as effective as amalgam but ZnO2E cement showed poor sealing abilities. GIC is just as effective as Amalgam as a retro-sealer and on some instance, better then it, but a long term in vivo study is required to prove it