Résumé
Objective:To investigate the ethical practices in individual supervision of counseling in China.Method:Forty-one graduate students and 38 participants of the China American Psychoanalytic Alliance (CAPA) were included in this study.The Ethical Practices in Supervision Scale (EPSS) was used for the investigation.The scale included two parts.The first part was to investigate supervisors'ethical practices,and the second part focused on supervisees'impact from unethical supervisors.Results:The findings showed that 7 out of 28 items in the scale were significantly different between two groups.CAPA participants' supervisors performed better than graduate students' supervisors (P ＜ 0.05) in supervision scheduling,ethics discussion,and counselor/therapist role.Graduate students' supervisors performed better than CAPA participants' supervisors (P ＜ 0.05) in live supervision,audio/video review,informing clients of supervisee's status as trainee,and supervision contract.If individuals experience their supervisors being unethical or unprofessional,more than 55 percent of the individuals responded to negatively affect their thoughts toward their supervisor and the supervisory alliance,and almost 50 percent of the individuals responded to negatively impact their emotion and quality of their counseling for clients.Conclusion:Both graduate students and CAPA participants respond that their supervisors perform well in both monitoring supervisees' performance and maintaining appropriate boundaries.However,both of them should work more on reviewing video or audiotapes of supervisees' sessions regularly.
Résumé
Objective:To investigate the clinical application of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and the reasons of the choosing CBT.Method:Totally 14 psychotherapists accepted a semi-structured interview,including their backgrounds of CBT training,the application of CBT in psychotherapy,their attitude toward consultative relations,their opinion on comparing other schools with CBT,and their reasons for choosing CBT.Results:The main reasons for choosing CBT included the influence of important others,the characters of CBT and personal factors.In clinical practice,the most commonly used behavioral techniques included exposure therapy,roll play,relaxation Waining and so on.The most commonly used cognitive techniques included Socratic questioning,cognitive restructuring and challenge unreasonable cognition.Conclusion:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is suitable for those who are sensible and preferring structural therapy.Nevertheless,the trend in therapy is the integration of different psychotherapy schools.
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Objective:To investigate the use of psychological testing in hospital and its potential existent ethical issues.Methods:Eleven psychometricians from 6 specialized and 5 general hospitals accepted a semi-structural interview.With (10.8 ± 8.8) years of experiences on average in this field,they tested 2 to 30 patients each day.Content analysis was used to investigate the psychometricians' qualification,usage of tests,informed consent,scoring,explanation and preservation.Results:Normally,the number of psychometricians in one hospital varied from 1 to 4.Out of 11 interviewees,2 were unqualified.Three of the interviewees pointed out there were non-standard circumstances when some doctors choosing the tests.Six of them thought that the frequently used tests' norms were obsolete.Eight interviewees considered that comparatively low psychometric fee influenced their devotion of explaining the results.Conclusion:In hospital,it's necessary to strength the ethical awareness of decision-makers and executors in psychological testing.
Résumé
Objects:To investigate the current situation of counselors'implementation and their attitude to informed consent in Beijing.Methods:Eleven counselors who worked in Beijing were interviewed,the average of their working years was (7.4 ± 4.4).A semi-structured interview was used to learn about their practicing processes in and viewpoints on informed consent,and their interview transcripts were analyzed through qualitative method.Results:The results could be categorized into four categories,including the content of informed consent,the influential factors of informed consent,problems and confusions,and the significance of informed consent.The crucial role of informed consent in psychotherapy was generally recognized by counselors,and they could obey the related rules as well.The therapists had some confusion and problems about informed consent,such as the form and length,the consent for special population and online consultation.Conclusion:Basically,the counselors in Beijing could comply with the ethical standards of informed consent.However,they also suggest that certain limitations of these rules should be noticed.