Wound-healing and cytokine-modulating potential of medicinal oil formulation comprising leaf extract of Murraya koenigii and olive oil / Potencial de cicatrização de feridas e modulação de citocinas de formulação de óleo medicinal compreendendo extrato de folhas de Murraya koenigii e azeite de oliva

The study investigated the wound healing effect of medicinal oil (MO) formulation prepared from Murraya koenigii leaves extract (methanolic) incorporated in olive oil. The MO was visually transparent, homogenous, smooth in texture, the viscosity grade was observed as 140 cP and easily spreadable. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced to 82.3 ± 3.5, 156 ± 6.2, 137.3. ± 5.5 pg/ml, respectively after treatment with MO when compared to disease control animals that showed IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels of 170 ± 6, 265 ± 7, and 288.6 ± 11, pg/ml respectively. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokine in povidone iodine solution (PIS) group was 95.3 ± 3, 162 ± 6, 177.6 ± 8.9 pg/ml of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α respectively. Interestingly, the wound-healing efficacy of MO was found better as compared to povidone iodine treated standard group and concluded that MO has excellent wound healing effect.

O estudo investigou o efeito cicatrizante da formulação de óleo medicinal (MO) preparado a partir do extrato de folhas de Murraya koenigii (metanol) incorporado ao azeite de oliva. O MO era visualmente transparente, homogêneo, de textura lisa, o grau de viscosidade observado foi de 140 cP e facilmente espalhável. As citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α foram significativamente reduzidas para 82,3 ± 3,5, 156 ± 6,2, 137,3. ± 5,5 pg/ml, respectivamente, após o tratamento com MO quando comparados aos animais controle da doença que apresentaram níveis de IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α de 170 ± 6, 265 ± 7 e 288,6 ± 11, pg/ml, respectivamente . O nível de citocina pró-inflamatória no grupo solução de iodopovidona (PIS) foi de 95,3 ± 3, 162 ± 6, 177,6 ± 8,9 pg/ml de IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α, respectivamente. Curiosamente, a eficácia de cicatrização de feridas de MO foi encontrada melhor em comparação com o grupo padrão tratado com iodopovidona e concluiu que a preparação de MO tem efeito de cicatrização de feridas.

Efficacy of Arteether Against Theileriosis in Cattle

The present study was done with the objective of comparative efficacy of arteether and buparvaquone against theileriosis in cattle. Total 67 cattle suspected for theileriosis were screened on the basis of clinical and blood smear examination. Group I (n=6) was treated with Inj. buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight once and Group II (n=6) was treated with Inj. arteether @5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly for three consecutive days. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were significantly increased before treatment and in both the groups after treatment showed significant improvement. Haematological parameters showed significant decreased in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and neutrophil and significant increase in lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophil. Non significant difference in basophil count was observed. After treatment, significant improvement was observed in mean hemoglobin, PCV, TEC, TLC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil. Non significant improvement was observed in monocyte and basophil count. Present study revealed percent efficacy of arteether was 66.66% and buparvaquone 100%

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms In Patients With Epilepsy

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Epilepsy. To find out the prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms / disorder among patients of epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy diagnosed clinically at psychiatric out patients department were selected for the study. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was applied to find out the prevalence and nature of obsessive compulsive symptoms. A total of 93 patients were participated and it was found that 20.4 % of epilepsy patients had obsessive compulsive symptoms. The prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms among the patients of epilepsy was found to be 20.4%.

The Second Brain

The ability of the microbiota of the gut to communicate with the brain and influence behaviour is an emerging topic of research.The enteric microbiota interacts with the host to form a relationship that governs homeostasis. Despite the unique enteric bacterial fingerprintof each individual there appears to be a certain balance that confers health benefits. A decrease in desirable bacteria therefore leads to a disturbed gastrointestinal, neuroendocrinal and immune relationship leading to a diseased condition. Studies are focussing on the impact of the microbiota on the host specially its effect on the brain.There are many studies which have demonstrated germ free mice displaying altered stress response, neurochemistry and anxiety in comparison to normal mice. Data obtained from such experiments show that modulation of enteric microbiota may be a useful strategy in stress related disorders, gastrointestinal disorders such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory bowel disease

A Massive Left Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Case Report.

We report the occurrence of a rare case of a huge ovarian tumor in Saint George’s Hospital in Mumbai, India. Our patient was a middle-aged woman presented with marked abdominal distension and discomfort at the emergency surgical department. The data were documented through history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, ultrasound examination, and by computed tomography scan abdomen and pelvis. The case was found to be as a rare massive ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. This case report emphasizes the significance of thorough evaluation of all women presented with vague abdominal pain. Although the condition that is extremely rare, it is a potential danger in its massive form, if timely diagnosis and management are not done. With the increasing awareness about such conditions, more cases are detected and reported.

Isolated Retrobulbar Orbital Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report.

Isolated orbital hydatid cyst is a rare manifestation most commonly situated in superomedial and superolateral angles of orbit. We report a case of a 24 years old female with a large retrobulbar orbital hydatid cyst causing proptosis which was not associated with any cyst in other organs. USG and CT scan aids to diagnosis while surgical excision and histopathology confirms the diagnosis.

Smoking habits of medical students in a private medical college of Bangladesh.

Objective: To assess trends of smoking and the relation between smoking behavior of undergraduate medical students and their attitudes towards smoking and treatment of tobacco dependence. Methodology: Data was collected from the medical students of Rajshahi Islami Bank Medical College, Bangladesh. A total of 200 male students completed the anonymous questionnaire. Response rate was 80.0%. Results: Of the respondents 20% and 80% were regular smokers and non-smokers respectively. Only 32.50 % of the regular smokers smoke less than ten cigarettes, 30.0 % smoke ten to twenty cigarettes whereas, 37.50% smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day. 25% started smoking at nineteen years of age, 22.5% started before this age and 27.5% and 25.0 % started at twenty and twenty one years of ages respectively. 70% started smoking just for pleasure. Only 29.72% smoke light cigarettes whereas 33.78% and 36.48% smoke medium and heavy cigarettes respectively. Almost 75% smokers agreed with the fact that smoking is harmful to health and 45% realized that their cigarette smoke bother others and again 70% of smokers have attempted to quit smoking but failed and 42.5% still wanted to quit smoking. About 55% of smokers complained that they suffer from chronic cough, 60% were lacking concentration in their studies and 45% felt that they were short of memory. Conclusions: Attitudes of smokers were significantly different on most items of tobacco, but knowledge of tobacco problem in the undergraduate medical students was not sufficient. Teaching about tobacco and related issues remains essential in the undergraduate medical course.

Homology modeling and active site analysis of leptin receptor of homo sapiens involved in obesity.

The discovery of leptin has initiated a flurry of research into the molecular basis of weight control. In obese people levels of leptin found in the blood are normally very high and more than sufficient to suppress the appetite and increase the metabolism. This however does not happen and it is believed that obesity may be the result of a resistance to leptin. This suggests that the problem in these individuals may be related to a lack of binding of the leptin protein to its receptor. No known structure of leptin receptor is known. Therefore in present the present study we model the 3D structure of leptin receptor using MODELLER. This was done using the template GP130 of H. sapiens (PDB code: 1BQU). On the basic of results MODEL 6 was selected as the best model. The observed G-factors for the present model were -0.22 for dihedrals, -0.32 for covalent and overall -0.25. The MODEL 6 contains 88.7% of the residues in the most favored region, 11.3 % in the additional allowed and no single residue in generously allowed regions and disallowed region. The predicted model was further analyzed to locate the residues in the active sites those provide interactions with the ligand.

Homology modelling and docking studies of FGFR3 protein to search most effective drug against achondroplasia.

The present investigation was carried out with the aim of modeling the 3D structure of FGFR3 protein and predicting the most effective drug using SU5402 and its analogues. FGFR3 protein, responsible for long bone growth, causes Achondroplasia in H. sapiens when it becomes mutated. When mutated, the dimmer of FGFR3 stabilizes without interacting with its ligand results in constitutive activation of downstream pathway and inhibits the bone growth. No known structure of FGFR3 was available. The 3D modeling of FGFR3 was done using Robetta server and from the various model predicted, model 5 was selected as the best model after evaluating the models using PROCHECK. . The total number of residues in selected model was found as: 589 (86.5%) residues in most favored region, 84 (12.3%) in additional allowed region, 8 (1.2%) in generously allowed region and 0 (0.0%) in disallowed region of the Ramachandran plot. Three analogues were constructed by using the existing FGFR3 specific inhibitor SU5402. Receptor-analogue interaction study was performed in FlexX3 docking software. Ligand 3 (IUPAC Name: 3-{2-[Z)-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3Hindol- 3-ylidene) methyl]-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl} propanoic acid) was showing the best binding energy (-10.458 KJ/Mol) that can be predicted the most effective inhibitor for FGFR3. It should be noted that these predicted data should be validated using suitable assays for further consideration.

Cardiovascular activity of the n-butanol fraction of the methanol extract of Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb

We investigated the vascular responses and the blood pressure reducing effects of different fractions obtained from the methanol extract of Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb. (F. Loranthaceae). By means of solvent-solvent extraction, L. ferrugineus methanol extract (LFME) was successively fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The ability of these LFME fractions to relax vascular smooth muscle against phenylephrine (PE)- and KCl-induced contractions in isolated rat aortic rings was determined. In another set of experiments, LFME fractions were tested for blood pressure lowering activity in anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g, 14-18 weeks). The n-butanol fraction of LFME (NBF-LFME) produced a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of PE- and KCl-induced aortic ring contractions compared to other fractions. Moreover, NBF-LFME had a significantly higher relaxant effect against PE- than against high K+-induced contractions. In anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, NBF-LFME significantly lowered blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner and with a relatively longer duration of action compared to the other fractions. HPLC, UV and IR spectra suggested the presence of terpenoid constituents in both LFME and NBF-LFME. Accordingly, we conclude that NBF-LFME is the most potent fraction producing a concentration-dependent relaxation in vascular smooth muscle in vitro and a dose-dependent blood pressure lowering activity in vivo. The cardiovascular effects of NBF-LFME are most likely attributable to its terpenoid content.

Inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness in North-Indian type 2 diabetic subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To study the interrelationship of the inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-one newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were compared with 81 healthy age, sex and BMI matched controls. Plasma glucose and insulin (fasting and after 2 hours of 75 gm of oral glucose), lipids and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha were measured. Carotid (Intima-Medial Thickness) IMT was measured using high "resolution B-Mode ultrasonography. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR model. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and exercise ECG were recorded for the evidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). RESULTS: Carotid IMT was significantly thicker in diabetic patients than in control group across the whole age range (p < 0.01). In merged group of diabetes, composite IMT was significantly correlated with LDL-cholesterol, fasting insulin, serum cholesterol, BMI and HOMA-IR (p < 0.01). After controlling for age and sex, all glycaemic parameters were correlated with IMT in both diabetic and control group. HOMA-IR, waist hip ratio, serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, fasting serum insulin and CRP were significant predictor of IMT. Concentrations of inflammatory markers were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control group. Serum levels of CRP (p < 0.05) were found to be higher in diabetic patients with CHD than without CHD. CRP was significantly correlated with IMT (r = 0.603, p < 0.01) in diabetic subjects with and without CHD after controlling for age and sex. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory markers are associated with type 2 diabetes but only CRP is associated with development of accelerated atherosclerosis and subsequent CHD.

Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgical practice.

Prospective study was carried out on 100 patients since May 2005 in my private practice and in the department of pediatric surgery of MMCH. Under caudal anesthesia along with or without ketaminie induction and gas inhalation all the patients underwent different surgical procedure namely anorectal surgery (eg. anoplasty, rectal polyp), urogenital surgery (Circumcision, hypospadias, meatotomy), groin surgery (hernia, hydrocele) and foot & leg surgery. Calculated dose schedule of drugs used in anesthesia and volume were maintained. Time of giving anesthesia and time of starting analgesia were recorded. Per-operative and postoperative analgesia were evaluated. Every parent was explained regarding the merit of caudal anesthesia calculated and compared with that of general anesthesia. Application of caudal anesthesia with or without ketamine & diazepam induction can be used safely and cost effectively and may be put into protocol in many of the pediatric surgical practice both in institute and also in private practice.

Treatment of non union of humerus using G. A. Ilizarov technique.

The management of the non union of humerus is one of the most challenging problems that the surgeon confronts in his practice. The procedures traditionally used are: I.M. Nailing, interlocking, plating, transplantation of allograft. In our series, 36 cases with non union has been treated by G.A. Ilizarov technique. The age range were: 21-62 years with an average of 32 years. The initial treatment were done by DCP, rush nails & plates with screw fixation. The duration of treatment ranged from 5-11 months (average 8 months). With the application of Ilizarov fixator a good range of elbow & shoulder motion were achieved. The average follow up period was 5 years with a range of 1-8 years. Union was achieved in all the 36 cases.

Etiological pattern of atrial fibrillation.

An attempt to find out the causes of atrial fibrillation was made in this study; although this does not represent total picture of whole population as the number of cases was limited and taken from a particular area for a limited period. Among the causes in our country, rheumatic mitral valvular disease topped the list followed by rheumatic multiple valvular disease IHD, HHD; lone atrial fibrillation came in the aetiology sequentially. This information is valuable in regard to management as rheumatic heart disease, the prime cause of atrial fibrillation in our country.

Risk factors & clinical presentations--a study of eighty-five hospital admitted stroke cases.

Stroke is the commonest neurological cause of morbidity and mortality. Changes in risk factors may influence stroke incidence. Definitive diagnosis of the type of stroke is necessary for management and it has a strong impact on stroke outcome. A total of eighty-five consecutive stroke patients irrespective of age and sex admitted during the period of August 2000 to June 2001 were studied. They were asked about occupation, area of habitat, smoking habit, family history of ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke, any febrile illness, recent history of productive cough, dysuria and diarrhoea. They were searched for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, valvular heart disease and dislipidaemia. In every patient complete blood count, urine examination, fasting blood glucose and serum lipids, ECG, x-ray chest were performed. CT scan of brain was performed in 68 cases. Male was found 81.18% of cases with age 62.54 +/- 13.08 (m +/- SD) years. Female were 18.82% of cases with age 58.81 +/- 12.77 (m +/- SD). 75.29% of patients were belongs to middle class family. 51.76% of patients came from rural area and 48.24% of patients came from urban area. 78.82% of patients were hypertensive. Infection was associated with 37.65% of cases. Hemiplegia was commonest presentation (88.24%). Though altered consciousness was found more in haemorrhagic stroke (54.84%) but it was not significantly. High from ischaemic cases (p > 0.10) Male suffer more from stroke. Hypertension is the commonest risk factor. Infection is a common association of stroke. Altered consciousness is not a reliable guide to differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke is hospitalized cases.

Dietary fibre and coronary heart disease.

Intake of dietary fibres lowers plasma lipids. Fibres particularly soluble ones lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) without significant alteration in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglyccrol (TG). Consequently, the incidence of atherosclerotic heart diseases is lower in those who take high dietary fibre. Persons taking diet rich in saturated fat and poor in dietary fibre is more prone to develop coronary artery diseases. Dietary fibres also lower TC: HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C ratios. Higher TC: HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C ratios are in favour of development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, a pioneer cause of myocardial infarction (MI).