RÉSUMÉ
To understand the effects of land use system and its cropping techniques, the study on carbon stock and soil nutrients in response to varied land use systems and soil depths in Chandel district was carried out during 2020 from five different locations in the Chandel district that include a variety of land use systems such as Forest area, Jhum cultivation after 15 years, Jhum cultivation after 10 years, Jhum cultivation after 10 years from different sub division of the district, Jhum cultivation after 5 years, Intermittent Jhum area, Oak forest area, Teak forest area, Pine forest area, Agri-horti jhum cropping system area and Maize based cropping system area. The study revealed that Forest soils shows significantly higher Organic carbon content of 2.73 % in 0-15 cm and 2.04% in 30-45 cm soil depth respectively than the other land use system of Chandel district. Available N was also found to be significantly higher in forest soils i.e. 533.49 kg/ha in 0-15 cm soil depth and 475.14 kg/ha in 30-45 cm soil depth as compared to other land use systems. Similarly, available P2O5 of 10.92 kg/ha and 9.97 kg/ha in 0-15 cm and 30-45 cm soil depth respectively and K2O of 278.08 kg/ha in 0-15 cm and 266.11 kg/ha in 30-45 cm were also recorded to be significantly higher in forest soil which was followed by the Jhum cultivation after 15 years in Chandel district. Next to forest area soils, Jhum cultivation after 15 years shows higher organic carbon content and other soil nutrients as compare to other land use systems due to the longer waiting period of cultivation. These results indicated that the land under more vegetation and less disturbed areas have higher soil nutrient and organic carbon as compared to other land use system. Thus it may be concluded that, variations in soil fertility parameters need immediate improvement in soil health of Jhum lands and other land use systems.
RÉSUMÉ
@#Introduction: Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures account for 10-30% of tibial plateau fractures. Despite recent advancements in the management of unstable bicondylar tibial plateau fractures, the outcomes are often poor. The present study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes and complications of internal fixation of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with the dual plating using two incisions. Materials and methods: The present study included 30 patients (26 males; 4 females, mean age 35.6 years; range, 19 to 65 years) with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures who were treated with dual plating between January 2017 to August 2019. Out of 30 patients, 5 patients had Schatzker type (V) and 25 patients had Schatzker type (VI) bicondylar tibial plateau fracture. All patients were treated with dual plating using two incisions. In all patient’s similar standard physical rehabilitation therapy was followed. All complications including intra and post-operative were assessed and recorded. The patients were followed-up for over 24 months. Functional outcomes were assessed with Rasmussen’s functional grading system, Oxford knee score, and range of motion of knee joint. Radiological outcomes were evaluated using Rasmussen’s radiological scoring system. Result: All fractures united with a mean time of 18 weeks. The average knee range of motion was 1.5° - 130° (range: 0° - 10° for extension lag, range: 100° -135° for flexion). Mean Rasmussen's functional grading score at the final follow-up was 26.75. All patients showed excellent or good radiographic results according to Rasmussen’s radiological scoring with a mean score of 8.5 (range 6-10). The postoperative radiographs showed mean MPTA was 84.3° and the mean PPTA was 6.2°. In the present study, complications were encountered in five patients. However, there were no cases of secondary loss of reduction, failure of the implant, malunion, or non-union. Conclusion: The surgical treatment of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with dual locking represents a significant treatment option and provides rigid fixation in these fractures with good functional and radiological outcomes.