Morphology of Ulnar Nerve and its Variation in North Indian Population

Introduction: The ulnar nerve is formed from medial cord of the brachial plexus. It lies medial to axillary and brachial artery as far as middle of humerus, and then pierces the medial inter muscular septum to descend on the anterior face of triceps. Lesions of the associated structures often occur. There is anatomical variations in course of ulnar nerve amongst the races. Aim: This study was conducted to analyse the anatomical variation of ulnar nerve in north Indian population.Subjects and Methods: The study was done on 30 human cadavers at Departments of Anatomy, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai. Results: The observations showed that- Ulnar nerve was present in all specimens, and in 97% cases originated from the medial cord of the brachial plexus, at the level of tip of the acromion processes and showed the normal course. Conclusion: The awareness of these variations along the normal pattern are helpful for the interventional radiologists, orthopaedicians and neurologists in preventing untoward iatrogenic injury to the ulnar nerve during radiological procedures or operating on fractured patients or diagnostic therapy

Morphometric Analysis of the Human Second Cervical Vertebrae of North Indian Population

Introduction: The Aim of the study was to provide the morphometric measurement of the axis vertebrae in North Indian popuulation. Which could be used as clinical tool to determine the feasibility of safe translaminar screw placement. Subjects and Methods: 50 dry human axis vertebrae from adult North Indian population were subjected to morphometric measurement using venier caliper. The various dimensions of the axis vertebrae were observed. Results: There is high variability in the thickness of the C2 lamina. As compared to western population, the axis bones used in the present study had smaller profiles. Conclusion: The current study showed safety margin for translaminar screw insertion is low.

Response of peg IFN and ribavarin in HIV-HCV co-infection.

Background: Hepatitis C infection is one of most common co-infection in HIV. HIV infection influences the natural evolution of chronic hepatitis by higher rate of viral persistence, accelerating fibrosis, cirrhosis progressing to end-stage liver disease. Objective: This retrospective study was conducted in order to see the response to Peg- IFN α-2b with Ribavarin in HIV HCV co-infection. Material and Methods: Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase, HCV RNA quantitative and Genotype study, Fibroscan, CD4 were collected from the medical records of ART centre. Results: The mean baseline viral load (log10) was 5.76, 3.00 at 1st month, 0.44 at 3rd month, 0 at 6th month and 12th month. RVR was observed in 77.7%, EVR in 88.8%, SVR of 100% at 6th and 12th month. The mean OT and PT reduction at 3rd month was 116.11(57.79%) and 132 (61.68%) respectively, at 6 month was 158 (78.65%) and 177.56 (82.97%) respectively, at 12th month was 159(79.14%) and 176.56 (82.50%). Fibrosis at the start of treatment was 19.0 KPa, 10.00 KPa at 6th month and 8.20 KPa at 12th month. Conclusion: Study shows that SVR can be achieved in HCV HIV co infected patients with IFN and Ribavarin therapy which in turn reduces the morbidity and mortality due to liver disease. Inspite of virological response, few patients continue to have deranged AST and ALT and progressive liver fibrosis.