Résumé
Introduction: The importance of identifying the final competences of pre and postgraduate students is a growing a concern at national and international level due to the need of developing curricula aimed at educating competent professionals that respond to the society´s needs. Objetive: To identify the competencies of a general gastroenterologist (GG). Methods: Modified Delphi technique with a 3-round survey to a group of experts at national level. Sixty-eigth experts were surveyed including gastroenterologists, professionals of related specialties, representatives of scientific societies, and organizations that provide accreditation of both medical study programs and specialties certification. The first survey proposed a list of 224 competencies. Then, in the second and third rounds, the experts must prioritize the competencies according to the importance, usin a 0-4 Likert-type scale. Results: In the first round, 41 experts (60.3 percent) prioritized the 332 identified competencies. Og those, 255 were considered important or very important. In the third round, 252 competencies were confirmed as relevant by 38 experts (55.9 percent). Of the 49 practical procedures identified, only 15 were finally considered as part of the competencies of the GG.A significant percentage of procedures were considered of a higher level of training, particularly, complex endoscopic procedures. Conclusion: Identified competencies will be highly useful in the desing of competencies based curricula and in the implementation of evaluation systems appropriate for each competency. Specialty programs and their graduates might be evaluated according to these competencies.
Introducción: Identificar las competencias terminales de los egresados de pre y postgrado es de creciente interés nacional e internacional debido a la necesidad de desarrollar currículos enfocados en la formación de profesionales competentes, que respondan a las necesidades de la sociedad. El Gastroenterólogo General (GG), debe adquirir competencias cognitivas, destrezas psicomotrices y actitudes. Objetivo: Identificar las competencias del GG. Método: Encuesta de 3 rondas con técnica Delphi modificada a un grupo de expertos a nivel nacional para priorizar las competencias del GG según importancia utilizando una escala Likert de 0 a 4. Se encuestó a 68 expertos incluyendo gastroenterólogos, profesionales de especialidades relacionadas, representantes de Sociedades Científicas, organismos acreditadores de programas y certificadores de especialidades médicas. Resultado: En la primera ronda, se ofreció una lista de 224 competencias a 37 profesionales (54,4 por ciento del total de expertos) quienes agregaron 108 competencias adicionales. En la segunda ronda, 41 expertos (60,3 por ciento) priorizaron las 332 competencias identificadas. De ellas, 255 fueron consideradas importantes o muy importantes. En la tercera ronda, 252 competencias fueron confirmadas como relevantes por 38 expertos (55,9 por ciento). De los 49 procedimientos prácticos identificados, sólo 15 fueron finalmente considerados como parte de las competencias del GG. Un alto porcentaje de los procedimientos fueron considerados en un nivel de entrenamiento superior, en particular los procedimientos endoscópicos complejos. Conclusión: Las competencias identificadas serán de gran utilidad en el diseño de currículos basados en competencias e implementación de sistemas de evaluación apropiados para cada competencia. Los programas de especialidad así como sus egresados podrán ser evaluados de acuerdo a estas competencias.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Compétence clinique , Gastroentérologie , Méthode Delphi , Chili , Compétence professionnelleRésumé
Aim: To compare the efficacy of imipenem - cilastatine and ceftazidime - amikacin in the treatment of febril neutropenic patients. Design: Open prospective and randomized clinical study. Patients: 52 patients (26 females) aged 16 to 80 years old with 60 episodes of neutropenia were studied. They were randomly assigned to receive Imipenem - cilastatine in doses of 500 mg iv qid or the combination of ceftazidime 1 to 1.5 g iv tid and amikacin 7.5 mg/kg iv bid. Results: Global response to initial therapy was 53 percent in patients receiving imipenem - cilastatine and 37 percent in those receiving ceftazidime - amikacin (p=ns). When other antimicrobial were added, a 90 and 85 percent infection eradication success was achieved respectively. Six febrile episodes in the group receiving imipenem - cilastatine and 12 episodes in tha group receiving ceftazidime - amikacin had Gram positive cocci as the sole treatment outcome. Three patients receiving imipenem - cilastatine (10 percent) and 4 receiving ceftazidime - amikacin (13 percent) died. Superinfections and toxicity related to antibiotics were minimal in both groups. Conclusions: imipenem - cilastatine and the combination of ceftazidime with amikacin were equally effective in the treatment of febril episodes in neutropenic patients