RÉSUMÉ
ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of occupational hand-arm vibration disease (OHAVD) caused by handheld workpiece polishing. Methods A total of 222 OHAVD patients (case group), 275 hand-transmitted vibration-exposed workers (exposed group) and 243 healthy workers without hand-transmitted vibration exposure (control group) in a sports equipment manufacturing enterprise were selected as the study subjects using the convenience sampling method. Worksite survey of occupational health was conducted on these three groups, and the human vibration measurement equipment was used to measure the vibration exposure level of handheld vibration among the study subjects. The 8-hour energy equivalent frequency-weighted vibrating acceleration ［A(8)］ and cumulative vibration exposure level (CVEL) were calculated. Results The prevalence of coldness, numbness, tingling fingers, and vibration-induced white finger was higher in the exposed group and the case group compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of the above-mentioned hand symptoms was higher in the case group compared with the exposed group (all P<0.05). The A(8) and CVEL levels of the study subjects in the case group were higher than those in the exposed group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic analysis result showed that age and CVEL were both influencing factors of OHAVD (all P<0.05). According to the restricted cubic spline models, CVEL of the study subjects in the exposed group had a positive nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of OHAVD (overall trend P<0.01, nonlinear P<0.01), indicating an increasing risk of OHAVD with increasing CVEL. Conclusion Hand-transmitted vibration exposure is a risk factor for OHAVD. Early intervention should be carried out for hand-transmitted vibration-exposed individuals to reduce vibration-exposed levels and control vibration exposure time.
RÉSUMÉ
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule which interacts with its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and plays an important role in central/peripheral immune tolerance, transplantation immunity, tumor immune escape, and autoimmune disease. At present, there is still no systematic understanding of the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the development and progression of liver diseases. This article summarizes related studies on the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the progression of liver diseases and reviews the immunoregulatory function of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and its role in liver diseases. It is pointed out that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is involved in immunoregulatory function of the liver and plays an important role in the development and progression of liver inflammation, autoimmune liver diseases, viral liver diseases, tumor immune escape, transplantation rejection reaction, induced immune response, and autoimmune tolerance. Intervention of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may provide new strategies and directions for the prevention and treatment of liver disease.
RÉSUMÉ
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule which interacts with its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and plays an important role in central/peripheral immune tolerance, transplantation immunity, tumor immune escape, and autoimmune disease. At present, there is still no systematic understanding of the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the development and progression of liver diseases. This article summarizes related studies on the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the progression of liver diseases and reviews the immunoregulatory function of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and its role in liver diseases. It is pointed out that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is involved in immunoregulatory function of the liver and plays an important role in the development and progression of liver inflammation, autoimmune liver diseases, viral liver diseases, tumor immune escape, transplantation rejection reaction, induced immune response, and autoimmune tolerance. Intervention of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may provide new strategies and directions for the prevention and treatment of liver disease.