role of calcium channel blockers against cyclosporine-induced hepatorenal toxicity

The present work investigated the changes induced by cyclosporine on the liver and kidney and clarified the possible protective role of calcium channel blockers. Cyclosporine caused distortion of the liver parenchyma as well as severe congestion in the central vein. Also there was loss of cellular demarcation with indistinct cell boundaries. By the electron microscope the hepatocytes in the affected areas revealed depleted cytoplasm, and mitochondria with partial loss of their cristae. The rough endoplasmic reticiulum showed slight dilatation and fragmentation. The calcium channel blocker [amlodipine] enhanced the preservation of the control pattern in most hepatocytes apart from few hepatocytes showing areas of depletion, irregular arrangement of endoplasmic reticiulum, few glycogen granules and smaller nuclei. Regarding the kidney, cyclosporine caused different modalities of degeneration in the capillary tuft of the renal corpuscles. Both the proximal and distal tubules showed widening of their lumen, distortion of their cellular pattern As for the cells of the proximal tubules, they showed disrupted brush border, loss of the basal striations with irregular nuclei. Some tubules also contained areas of exudation. Extravasation of red blood corpuscles was evident. The podocytes, by the electron microscope, had vacuolated cytoplasm and irregular nuclei. The mesangial cells had paler matrix than the control group. Peritubular fibrosis was observed. The cytoplasm of the cells of the proximal tubules contained large lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles

human interossous membranes anatomical and histological study

This study was performed to describe anatomical details and histological picture of interosseous membrane [IOM] of forearm as well as crural interosseous membrane [IOM]. The results showed that IOM of forearm was a complex structure joining radius and ulna and was formed mainly of collagen fibers with some elastic fibers. A proximal well- defined band was also found in about half of the specimens. Two major openings and two to three secondary openings were observed. As regards crural interosseous membrane, it was found to be whitish glistening membrane stretched between both crural bones and was formed mainly of collagen fibers, while elastic fibers could not be detected. Two major openings were observed as well as two to three secondary openings along the length of membrane were found

Age-related changes of the lacrimal acini of the albino rat [light and electron microscopic study]

This study dealt with age-related changes of acini of exorbital lacrimal gland of male albino rat. The lacrimal acini were examined in glands from rats aged 3-5, 9-12, 18-24 months old by both light and electron microscopes. The results showed that lacrimal acini of the first age group were variable in size and shape and each was surrounded by delicate collagen fibrils. The lining cells were nearly pyramidal in shape containing vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Ultrastructurally, the cellular membrane showed plication and lateral interdigitation. The cytoplasm contained scanty rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi system together with electron dense secretory granules. In the second age group, the most striking feature was the prevalence of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the highly developed Golgi system. As regards lacrimal acini of the third age group, many structural alterations were observed. The cell membrane was straight and there were chromatin depletion of some nuclei, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and degeneration of mitochondria. Abundant collagen fibrils were present around the acini with the presence of plasma cells and lymphocytes in between the acini

Effects of cyclophosphamide administration on the lung of albino rat and protective role of antioxidants

The present work was designed to study the effects of cyclophosphamide on the albino rat lung, and to demonstrate the possible protective role of the antioxidants. The results revealed that administration of cyclophosphamide [20 mg/ kg b.w.] for one week caused thickening of the alveolar wall with partial detachment and degeneration of type II pneumocytes. Signs of congestion and fibrosis were also detected. Administration of cyclophosphamide [20 mg/kg b.w.] for two weeks caused pleomorphic cellular proliferation and obliteration of the alveolar lumen. Degenerative changes were noticed in both type I and type II pneumocytes. Type I pneumocytes manifested altered nuclear chromatin pattern and vacuolated cytoplasm. Type II pneumocytes showed detached microvilli, irregular cell membrane, pyknotic nucleus and multiple interconnected empty lamellar bodies. Signs of congestion and cellular infiltration by plasma cells, mast cells and neutrophils were noticed with accumulation of thick elongated collagen bundles in the alveolar wall. Administration of the antioxidants [0.1 ml of Antox], minimized the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide and even allowed regeneration of the alveolar wall. Regarding the alveolar pneumocytes, binducleated type II pneumocytes were noticed. Furthermore many pneumocytes acquired features intermediate between type I and type II in an attempt to restore the alveolar wall. Fibrosis and congestion were minimized

Sonography and radiography in diagnosis of congenital intra cardiac septal defects

Te diagnosis of the most of the congenital heart diseases can frequently be made from the clinical findings in conjunction with reontgenograms of the heart. Echocardiography comes next as a routine non-invasive diagnostic tool before resorting to cardiac catheterization [Egevlad, 1980]. In this work we try to evaluate the role of sonography and echocardiography in diagnosis of VSD as being one of the common

Plain radiography and echocardiography in diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot's

Cyanotic 40 patients, 28 males and 12 females with their ages ranging between 3-15 years were examined by plain radiography and echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization were done for 8 patients of them for open heart surgery. Echpocardiography should come as a routine after clinical examination and chest X-ray film especially if it is used with Doppler to evaluate the role of non-invasive echocardiography in the diagnosis of Fallot's T