Studies on the use of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation to control infectivity of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae.

The purpose of the present study was to observe the survival and development of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in their final hosts after Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation of isolated metacercariae or the parasite in fish. Guinea pigs or albino rats were orally infected with irradiated metacercariae by gavage. Bioassay, fecal examination for ova, and necropsy of infected animals, were the methods used for the estimation of minimum effective dose of gamma irradiation to control infectivity of the metacercariae. Results showed that the minimum effective irradiation dose for isolated metacercariae was 0.05 kGy. The LD50 of the irradiation dose for metacercariae in fish was 0.05 kGy, and the minimum effective dose was 0.15 kGy. No significant difference in radiation susceptibility to Co-60 gamma irradiation was found among C. sinensis metacercariae in fishes collected at different localities in northern, middle or southern parts of China. The present finding suggests that irradiation of fish by 0.15 kGy could control infectivity of C. Sinensis metacercariae and thus be adopted as a control measure in preventing infections.

Studies on the use of cobalt-60 irradiation to control infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii cysts.

Mouse brains harboring the Chinese NT strain of Toxoplasma gondii cysts were homogenized with normal saline and irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays at various doses. The homogenate was introduced intraperitoneally into NIH mice or per os into kittens. Loss of infectivity was confirmed according to the following criteria: no cyst found in mouse brain impression smears on the 50th day after inoculation; no oocyst found in feces of kittens 3-15 days after inoculation; subinoculation in mice and a negative IHA test. All bioassays, parasitological examinations and serological tests in the control group gave positive results. Activity of radioactive source: 10 KCi; uniform dosage: 1238 rad/min; dose range of irradiation: 0.1-1.0 KGy. Minimal effective dose of gamma rays to control infectivity of T. gondii cysts was 0.55 KGy. Infectivity of bradyzoites irradiated with gamma rays at a dose of 0.45 KGy decreased by 10,000 times. Minimal effective dose of gamma rays to control infectivity of American ME-49 and Ts-2 strain, is slightly higher (0.6KGy) than that of NT strain. These studies present useful data for practical use of cobalt-60 to control infectivity of T. gondii in meat products.

Studies on the control of hookworm and other soil-transmitted helminthiases in farmers in Zhejiang Province, China.

Different periodic selective chemotherapeutic schemes were used to control hookworm and other soil-transmitted helminthiases in eight villages in five counties in Zhejiang Province, China, 1985-1988. The results showed that the prevalence rates of hookworm, ascariasis, and trichuriasis decreased from 35.0-74.4%, 47.0-.76% and 22.9-47.5% to 3.2-15.8%, 9.9-47.8%, and 3.5-31.2%, respectively, using pyrantel pamoate (10 mg/kg for 1-2 days) or albendazole (400 mg for 1-2 days, once or twice a year for 2-3 years). The eggs per gram of feces of hookworm and Trichuris trichiura also dropped markedly after control. Moreover, the mean hemoglobin levels of sampled populations increased after several treatments. The authors recommend periodic selective chemotherapy as the main method to control soil-transmitted helminthiases, especially hookworm infections.