Résumé
Six species of Leishmania are at present known to cause cutaneous and/or mucocutaneous leishamniasis in Brazil, and they are all to be found in the Amazon region of this country. The eco-epidemiology of each is discussed, with the observation that the Amazonian leishmaniases are all zoonoses, with their source in silvatic mammals and phlebotomine sandfly vectors. With man's destruction of the natural forest in southern Brazil, some sandfly species have survived by adapting to a peridomestic or domiciliary habitat in rural areas. Some domestic animals, such as dogs and equines are seemingly now involved in the epidemiology of the disease. No such process has yet been reported in the Amazon region, but may well take place with the continuing devastation of its forest.
Sujets)
Humains , Écologie , Leishmaniose cutanée/diagnostic , Animaux de laboratoire/parasitologie , Animaux domestiques/parasitologie , Acte de congrès , Leishmaniose viscérale/diagnosticRésumé
Fez-se registro, pela primeira vez, do isolamento de Leishmania (V.) lainsoni de um mamifero silvestre, o roedor Agouti paca (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), no Estado do Para, Brasil. As amostras do parasita foram isoladas da pele, aparentemente integra, de 3 especimes desse roedor, capturados no municipio de Tucurui (ilha de Tocantins), em area que seria inundada pela formacao do lago da hidreletrica construida naquele municipio. Nenhum isolamento foi obtido de visceras de qualquer dos animais. A identificacao das amostras de L. (V.) lainsoni baseou-se na morfologia de amastigotas e promastigotas, no comportamento da infeccao em "hamsters", na analise bioquimica de isoenzimas e, ainda, atraves de testes com anticorpos monoclonais. A natureza inaparente da infeccao nos animais faz supor que o mamifero em questao possa representar um hospedeiro definitivo do parasita na regiao Amazonica.