Antimicrobial susceptability pattern of commonly isolated gram-negative pathogens from some hospitals in Yangoon

In Yangon hospital-acquired infections with multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria is becoming incerasingly prevalent.In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 575 isolated from various clinical specimens including pus , wound swabs, sputum and blood of the patients attending Yangon General Hospital and some other hospitals from January to December, 2000 were studied. Among them, 270 isolates were Pseudomonas spp, whereas 208 and 97 isolates were identified as members of the Enterolates were identified as members of the Enterobacteriaceae family (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp, Klebsiella spp and other coliforms) and Acinetobacter spp respectively. It was found that 35.2

of Pseudomonas spp 37.1

of enterobacteria and 57.7

of Acinetobacter spp were multiresistant (to four or more antimicrobial agents). Antimicrobial agents that were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were Amikacin, Cefuroxime, Cetriaxone, Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin, Sparfloxacin and Gentamycin. This study showed that Pseudomonas, enterobacteria and Acinetobacter have become resistant to most frontline antimicrobials such as third generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolones this presents an alarming situatiion in hospitals that need to be controlled in time by amultidisciplinary approach before further sperad and emergence of other multiresistant bacteria occur.

The anti-ulcerogenic activity of Plantago major Linn.

Plantago major Linn. (Ahkyaw-baung-tahtaung; Mann-sote ywet; Htaung-Khaung-pwa; Sai-Kyaw-gyi; Phar-Kyaw-ywet) has long been used in official folk medicine for various purposes. Ethnobotanic field survey in Russia has shown that P. major (Plantaginaceae) can be used in the treatment of acid-peptic gastritis. So the plant was investigated for the anti-peptic ulcer activity by the previously standardized method using cimetidine. The aqueous extract of air-dried leaves of the plant was found to have a significant anti-ulcerogenic activity against aspirin-induced ulceration in in-vivo rat model (p < 0.005). The reduced ulcer severity was seen by the ulcer index of 8.4 + 1.0 in the treated group when compared to the ulcer index of 20.6 + 3.5 in the untreated group, showing a 59 percent healing activity of the ulcers.