Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Ameliorates Renal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

PURPOSE: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of podocyte is one of the well-known major factors in development of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we investigated the effects of aldose reductase inhibitor, fidarestat on diabetic nephropathy, and renal VEGF expression in a type 1 diabetic rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four Sprague-Dawley male rats which were performed intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and normal six rats were divided into four groups including a normal control group, untreated diabetic control group, aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor (fidarestat, 16 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) treated diabetic group, and angiotensin receptor blocker (losartan, 20 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) treated diabetic group. We checked body weights and blood glucose levels monthly and measured urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) at 8 and 32 weeks. We extracted the kidney to examine the renal morphology and VEGF expressions. RESULTS: The ACR decreased in fidarestat and losartan treated diabetic rat groups than in untreated diabetic group (24.79 +/- 11.12, 16.11 +/- 9.95, and 84.85 +/- 91.19, p < 0.05). The renal VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were significantly decreased in the fidarestat and losartan treated diabetic rat groups than in the diabetic control group. CONCLUSION: We suggested that aldose reductase inhibitor may have preventive effect on diabetic nephropathy by reducing renal VEGF overexpression.

A Case of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma / 대한신장학회지

The association between malignancy and glomerular disease has been reported in older patients. Although the relationship between membranous glomerulonephritis or minimal change disease and solid tumors or hematologic malignancies, respectively, are known widely, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have been described rarely in patients with solid tumors. We describe a patient with renal cell carcinoma who presented to nephrotic syndrome, volume overload and renal failure. On renal biopsy at contra-lateral kidney of renal cell carcinoma, the patient was diagnosed at focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The proteinuria and renal function were ameliorated after resection renal cell carcinoma. We suggest that the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is associated with renal cell carcinoma. This is the first case of the clinical cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with renal cell carcinoma of papillary type.

A case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with a hydatidiform mole

We treated a 54-year-old woman who was suffering from membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with a complete type of hydatidiform mole. The renal manifestations were proteinuria and hematuria. A renal biopsy, performed before gynecologic management, disclosed focal and segmental subendothelial deposits with a proliferation of the mesangial cell and showed irregularly thickened capillary loops by light and electronmicroscoy. Genralized edema, proteinuria and hematuria were completely recovered by suction and curettage of the hydatidiform mole with prophylactic chemotherapy. The clinical manifestation of earlier presented 3 cases have been the nephrotic syndrome. The common feature of them was a complete remission of the nephropathy after the removal of the hydatidiform mole. The relationship between the hydatidiform mole and glomerulonephritis remains unresolved at present. But we concluded that the hydatidiform mole might be a cause of glomerulonephritis in this case.

Mixed or Combined IgA Nephropathy and Membranous Glomerulonephritis / 대한신장학회잡지

We report a rare case of primary glomerular disease with both features of IgA nephropathy and membranous glomerulonephritis in a 45 year-old, HBsAg negative man with nephrotic syndrome. Histologically, glomeruli showed mesangial expansion, proliferation of mesangial cells, and diffuse thickening of capillary walls. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated granular IgG and C3 deposits along the capillary walls and IgA deposits in mesangiums. Granular subepithelial and mesangial depoists were observed by electron microscopy.

Two Cases of Extragonadal Embryonal Carcinoma Originating in Unusual Sites / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Primary germ cell tumor of extragonadal origin are rare, accounting for approximately 3 to 5 percent of all germ tumors. Extragonadal germ cell tumors usually originate in midline body structures. We report a case of extragonadal germ cell tumor from the left superficial inguinal area, a nonmidline structure and a case of from the superficial suprapubic area unusual site of extragonadal germ cell tumor-with brief of the literature.

Two Cases or Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare, accounting for approximately 1% of all prostatic cancer. However the identification of small cell carcinoma of the prostate has increased in recent years, probably reflecting the increasing use of the electron microscope and immunohistochemistry. We report a case of pure small cell carcinoma and a case of small cell carcinoma mixed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

A case of poststeroid panniculitis

No abstract available.

Placental Site Nodules & Plaques: A clinicopathologic analysis of 14 cases

Placental site nodules and plaques have been recently described to designated single or multiple, well-circumscribed, rounded lesions at the placental site, composed of viable or degenerating intermediate trophoblastic cells and extensive hyalinization between the cells. We described clinicopathologic findings of 14 cases of placental site nodules and plaques. The age of 14 patients ranged from 25 to 39(average 33) years and all of them had been pregnant in the past. Ten of them presented with vaginal spotting, which was preceded by recent pregnancy in only 3 cases. Three patients presented with secondary infertility and one with secondary infertility and vaginal spotting. Urine pregnancy tests were negative in all 14 cases at the time of presentation. Ultrasonographic examination disclosed abnormalities in only 3 cases and the remaining cases were normal. Hysterosalpingography was performed in 3 patients who presented with 2 degrees infertility and revealed moderate to severe intrauterine adhesions. Microscopically, chronic endometritis of varying degrees evidenced by plasma cells and eosinophiles were present in all cases and these were more prominent in the vicinity of the lesions. It is presumed that the placental site nodules and plaques are not sloughed at the time of menstruation and it may cause chronic endometritis or intrauterine adhesions at any time after previous delivery.

A case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma following vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in a child

No abstract available.