Food Habits and Nutritional Status of the Long-Lived Elderly People in Ganghwa-gun Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This survey was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food habits and nutrient intake of the long-lived elderly men and women living in Ganghwa-gun. In order to assess the quality of dietary intake among the elderly, a survey was conducted during December 2003 of 103 subjects who were over 85 years of age. Dietary nutrient intake data were obtained through the 24 hr recall method. Chi-square test and t-test were the main data analysis method. Their dietary habits such as three meals a day and a regular meal time have shown that they have generally good eating habits. Average daily calorie intake (% RDA) was 1233.2 kcal (68.8%) for male and 1215.8 kcal (75.8%) for female which were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Koreans. Energy intake of females got closer to RDA than that of male. Protein intake was 49.3 g for male and 46.9 g for female (which was 82.3% RDA for male and 85.1% RDA for female) for elderly person, the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were 45.2% for male and 39.0% for female. Average CPF ratio of energy intake for both male and female were 68.7 : 16.1 : 15.2 and 69.6 : 15.4 : 15.0. SFA : MUFA : PUFA ratio of the subject was 0.78 : 1.03 : 1.00 for male and 0.64 : 0.92 : 1.00 for female. Calcium intakes for both males and females were 321.3 mg and 377.2 mg. Vitamin A was the nutrient found to be least sufficient. Mean daily intakes of most of the vitamins and minerals for both males and females were lower than RDA except vitamin C and Zn for female, especially % RDAs of vitamin A, Ca for male and vitamin A for females were less than 50% of RDA. In conclusion, long-lived elderly in Ganghwa areas did not consume enough nutrients quantitatively as well as qualitatively, especially Ca, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin E. These results suggest that nutritional guidelines for older Koreans should focus on the maintenance of adequate energy intake. In addition, selection of foods with high protein and calcium, such as dairy food, should be emphasized, particularly in the long-lived elderly.

A Study on Social Factors and Physical Health Status of the Long-Lived Elderly People in Ganghwa-gun Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was to performed to assess social factors and physical health status. The subjects of the study were 103 elderly people of age over 85 years living in Ganghwa-gun area. The method of this research was based on the interview-survey with questionnaire. Chi-square test was the main data analysis method. The subject group was composed of 36 males and 67 females, the average age being 91.0 +/- 3.2 years old for the males and 91.1 +/- 3.4 years old for the females. The aged average height and weight were 161.0 +/- 7.9 cm and 54.6 +/- 7.8 kg in males, 141.0 +/- 8.2 cm and 42.2 +/- 7.9 kg in females which were lower than the Korean average standard but the mean BMIs of both male and female showed normal range. Their level of education was lower and they tended to be religious. The aged population might be economically poor. Their level of living standards tended to have been lower-middle and lower class. The mean age of their parents' death were 64.3 +/- 17.2 years in males, 59.0 +/- 14.9 years in females for the father and 70.9 +/- 15.5 years in males, 66.8 +/- 16.6 years in females for the mother. The rate of living together with their family or spouse in the female aged was 83.2% higher than in the male aged. They tended to have engaged in hobbies that require less movement. Of the kinds of hobby, "TV watching (47.8% in male and 44.9% in female) was the highest. Ratios of the drinking and the smoking elderly were 30.6%, 25.0% in male and 7.5%, 18.8% in female but they tended to have never drunken and smoked. Of the subjects, 42.9% spend 8~9 hours for sleeping in male and 35.8% spend 10 hours for sleeping in female. They tended to have not done any particular health behavior. The most common diseases were digestive disease in male, arthritis and hypertension in female. Most elderly males (47.3%) and females (61.2%) had 1~2 diseases.

A Study on Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of the Long-Lived Elderly People by Food Habit Index in Ganghwa-gun Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was carried out to assess the food habit index of the long-lived elderly who were aged over 85 years living in Ganghwa-gun. A survey was conducted during December 2003. Dietary nutrient intake data was obtained through the 24-hr recall method. The subjects were 96 (32 males, 64 females) aged people and divided into three groups based on food habit index scores. Such as group A: good 16~20, group B: fair 11~15, and group C: poor 5~10. The three groups of the subjects were 90.7 years of age and 21.3 kg/m2 of BMI on average. Healthy eating index scores of the subjects were 9.4% in group A, 54.2% in group B and 36.5% in group C. Their level of education were lower and their levels of living standards tended to have been middle and lower of the middle class. The percentage of living together with their families or spouses in all groups were over 60.0% and the rates of the subjects who have responsibility for their meal preparations were also very high in all groups. Most subjects tended not to drirk nor smoke, and spend 8~10 hours for their sleep. The percent of number of diseases in group A was lower than in groups B and C. Their dietary habits such as taking three meals a day regularly have shown that they have good eating habit in general. There was a positive correlation between the eating behaviors and nutrient intakes. The protein, animal protein, fat, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B2, niacin, P and K intaks in group A were significantly higher than that of the groups B and C. For group A of good food habits aged had no sufficient intake of Ca and vitamin A than the Korean RDA and long-lived elderly of group C in Ganghwa areas had worse nutrients intakes, especially Ca, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin E. According to this research having a good eating habits could be considered as increasing of the health and nutritional status.

Discrimination of Mentally Ill Persons in Korean Legislative System / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The review of Korean legislative system may contribute to minimize the stigma and prejudice related to mental illness. We tried to search and revise the sentences that dicriminate against the mentally ill or are incompatible to contemporary concept of psychiatry in all Korean laws. METHODS: While screening 5,626 laws which were promulgated till August 30th, 2002, we singled out the statutes including the stigma and prejudice related to mental illness in the homepage of the Ministry of Legislation. RESULTS: There were thirty-nine statutes discriminating against mental disorder. The number of statutes related to confering the certificate was 23. Nine laws stipulated to violate the right of psychiatric patients. Seven miscellaneous ones were judged for further evaluation. The most frequent terms used in legislation were 'mental illness' and 'psychosis'. 'Odd persons', 'impairment in mental function', and 'schizophrenia' followed in decreasing orders. Two delphi survey leaded to a tentative conclusion that terminology of 'psychosis' should be replaced by 'psychotic disorder with impaired reality testing'. Most of experts recommended to delete unnecessary clauses of laws to reduce misunderstanding about mentally ill. CONCLUSION: There exists the terms and expressions stipulating discrimination against mentally ill in Korean legislation. It is an urgent issue to revise the laws with experts' opinions in order to reduce prejudice and discrimination against mentally ill.

Violence Predictors in Psychiatric Inpatients / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to predict the factors related to psychiatric inpatients' violence in a mental hospital. This was a follow-up study to assess the psychopathology of patients and the quality of the initial therapeutic alliance between the patient and the therapist, as a predictor of the risk of violent behavior. METHODS: The subjects were 105 psychiatric inpatients admitted to St. Andrews' Neuropsychiatric Hospital from January 1998 to November 1998, but alcohol dependent patients and conduct disorder patients were excluded. Within the first five hospital days, we rated past history of violence, patients' psychopathology using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and quality of initial therapeutic alliance. We also evaluated violent behaviors using Overt Aggression Scales during the two weeks before admission and during the two weeks of hospital stay and compared the 67 non-violent ingatients with 38 violent ingatients on the utility of socio-demographics variables, past history of violence, utility of the initial therapeutic alliance and psychopathology in evaluating the risk of violent behaviors. Multiple logistic analysis was conducted to analyze risk factors for violent behaviors. RESULTS: 1) The violent inpatients significantly were more closely related with the previous history of violent behavior. 2) The weaker the initial therapeutic alliance were, the significantly higher violent behavior exhibited. 3) Violent behavior was related significantly with higher BPRS-agitation-excitement factor score and higher BPRS-hostile-suspicious factor score. Violent behavior also was related with lower BPRS-withdrawal-retardation factor score. 4) According to the multiple logistic analysis, the predictors of violent behavior were past history of violence and initial therapeutic alliance and BPRS-agitation-excitement factor. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that initial therapeutic alliance and the specific psychopathology ane useful in evaluating patients' risk for violence.

A Case Showing Hyperthyroidism during Long-Term Lithium Carbonate Therapy / 신경정신의학

The authors report one-case of hyperthyroidism that occurred in a 56-year-old woman with bipolar disorder after 3 years of chronic lithium treatment. The high level in thyroid fuction test returned to normal after discontinuation of lithium. This case is shows that lithium-induced hyperthyroidism can be reversible.

The psychological characteristics of patients with irritable bowel syndrome / 신경정신의학

No abstract available.

Studies of antioxidant enzymes in ovary from ovarian cyst patients / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Effects of synthetic estrogen on the biosynthesis of testosterone, LH, and prolactin / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Clinical Observation on Effect of Diltiazem(Herben(R)) in Angina Pectoris

We evaluate the effects of diltiazem in 19 patients with ischemic heart disease (15 patients) of classical anginal pectoris & 4 patients of variant angina) by means of clinical status & electrocardiographic changes and obtain the results as follows: 1. The pulse rate & blood pressure were decreased by diltiazem slightly but these decreases were not significant in statistical meaning. 2. Diltiazem administration of 4 weeks duration normalized EKG completely in 4 patients & partially in 3 patients among the 13 patients who showed abnormal resting EKG initially. 3. All 19 patients who received diltiazem showed clinical improvement; 9 patients had excellent responses, 7 patients good responses & 3 patients fair responses. 4. Diltiazem had side effects in 3 patients, drowsiness, mild euphoria & possibly tolerance respectively in each patients.