Résumé
@#The oral microbiome has been identified as one of the most diverse microbial communities in the human body, and the ecological imbalance of the oral microbiome can not only induce a variety of oral diseases, such as dental caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, and periodontal diseases, but also is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other systemic diseases. The structure of the oral microbiome is affected by multiple factors. This paper reviews and summarizes the effects of genetics, the environment, diet and systemic diseases. Literature reviews have shown that environmental factors play an important role in the structure of the oral microbiome, while the influence of genetic and dietary factors is still controversial. In addition, systemic diseases may also affect the oral microbial community. High-throughput sequencing studies have identified some “core microbiota”, and “core microbiota” in different environments and in different genetic backgrounds will be the next research direction.