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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 56(2): 209-213, 2010. graf, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-546941

Résumé

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a variabilidade dos níveis de hemoglobina (Hb) em pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) tratados com eritropoetina. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados retrospectivos de 249 pacientes que estavam em HD e apresentavam, nos três meses anteriores, média de Hb entre 10,5 g/dL e 12,5 g/dL. O período de observação total foi de 36 meses. A cada mês de coleta, classificaram-se os valores de Hb em: < 10,5g/dL, 10,5g/dL< Hb< 12,5g/dL (intervalo alvo), ou Hb >12,5g/dL. Além disto, os pacientes foram divididos em seis categorias de variabilidade da Hb: baixo persistente (<10,5g/dL), alvo persistente (10,5 a 12,5 g/dL), alto persistente (>12,5g/dL), flutuação de baixa amplitude com Hb baixo, flutuações de baixa amplitude com Hb alto e flutuações de alta amplitude. RESULTADOS: Mês a mês, a média da proporção de pacientes com Hb dentro da faixa alvo foi de 50 por cento (variação, 42 por cento a 61 por cento). A proporção de valores de Hb médios acima da faixa alvo (30 por cento) foi mais frequente que a proporção abaixo do alvo (20 por cento). Durante os períodos de seis, 12, e 36 meses, a proporção de pacientes com Hb baixa persistente se reduziu de 3,6 por cento para 0 por cento; de 31,7 por cento para 2,8 por cento naqueles com Hb alta persistente; de 7,6 por cento para 0 por cento naqueles com baixa amplitude com Hb baixo; e de 41,3 por cento para 8,3 por cento nos pacientes com baixa amplitude com Hb alto. Entretanto, houve aumento na proporção de pacientes (de 21,5 por cento a 88,9 por cento) com alta amplitude de Hb. Portanto, à medida que o tempo de observação se alongou observou-se maior variabilidade dos valores de hemoglobina. Nenhum paciente manteve os níveis de Hb dentro do alvo durante todo o período do estudo. CONCLUSÃO: A manutenção da Hb dentro da faixa alvo é difícil, especialmente em períodos longos e a variabilidade ocorre mais frequentemente para valores mais elevados de Hb.


OBJECTIVE: Correction of anemia using epoetin decreases morbidity and increases survival and quality of life in end-stage renal disease. Maintaining hemoglobin levels within the range proposed by guidelines has become a major challenge, with hemoglobin cycling affecting more than 90 percent of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The variability of hemoglobin levels over time was assessed in our patients. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected on 249 patients undergoing hemodialysis over a 3-year period at seven centers in Brazil. Hemoglobin was measured at least monthly, and target levels were those between 10.5 g/dL and 12.5 g/dL. Patients were grouped into six categories of variability consistently low (<10.5g/dL), consistently target range (10.5 to 12.5 g/dL), consistently high (>12.5g/dL), low amplitude fluctuation with low hemoglobin levels, low amplitude fluctuation with high hemoglobin levels and high amplitude fluctuation. None of the patients maintained stable hemoglobin levels for the entire 36-month period. RESULTS: The mean monthly proportion of patients that had hemoglobin levels within the target range was 50 percent (range, 42 percent to 61 percent). Mean levels above the target (30 percent) were more frequent than those below it (20 percent). During 6, 12, and 36 months, proportions of patients with consistently low levels of hemoglobin decreased from 3.6 percent to 0 percent, from 31.7 percent to 2.8 percent for those with consistently high, from 7.6 percent to 0 percent for those with low amplitude fluctuation with low hemoglobin levels and from 41.3 percent to 8.3 percent for those with low amplitude fluctuation with high hemoglobin levels. However, the proportions of patients with high amplitude fluctuation increased from 21.5 percent to 88.9 percent. CONCLUSION: Maintaining hemoglobin levels within the target range is difficult, especially for longer periods of time. Missing the target seems more often due to ...


Sujets)
Adulte , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Jeune adulte , Anémie/traitement médicamenteux , Époétine alfa/usage thérapeutique , Antianémiques/usage thérapeutique , Hémoglobines/analyse , Défaillance rénale chronique/complications , Anémie/diagnostic , Anémie/étiologie , Défaillance rénale chronique/sang , Défaillance rénale chronique/thérapie , Valeurs de référence , Dialyse rénale , Études rétrospectives
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 10(5): 317-321, Oct. 2006. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-440689

Résumé

In the village of Cavunge, located in a dry tropical, semiarid rural region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, a sentinel study on viral hepatitis is underway. We report on the first part of the study. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis A, B and C in the village. Cross sectional study. Blood samples were tested for serological markers of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) and C (HCV) through ELISA-III assay. In HBsAg and anti-HCV carriers, HCV-RNA and HBV-DNA were checked by PCR. The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 83.3 percent (1,210/1,452), being higher among residents from the village (87.4 percent) than in residents from the rural area (79.5 percent); it also higher among individuals older than 10 years of age. The prevalence of HBsAg was 2.6 percent (38/1,476), 9.3 percent anti-HBc (137/1,476) and 10.5 percent (155/1,476) anti-HBs of. In more than half (58.1 percent; 90/155) of anti-HBs carriers, this was the only serological marker found. In 3.7 percent of the population, (55/1,476), anti-HBc was the only serological marker found. All HBV carriers were infected by genotype A. Only 0.4 percent (6/1,536) presented anti-HCV antibodies and only one of them was viremic, being infected with genotype 1. The prevalence of patients with antibodies against hepatitis A virus in the village of Cavunge was high, but the prevalence of B virus was moderate, with only genotype A among HBV carriers. The prevalence of C virus was very low, contrasting with the situation in large Brazilian urban centers.


Sujets)
Adolescent , Adulte , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Mâle , Hépatite A/diagnostic , Anticorps de l'hépatite/sang , Antigènes de surface du virus de l'hépatite B/sang , Hépatite B/diagnostic , Hépatite C/diagnostic , Immunoglobuline G/sang , Marqueurs biologiques/sang , Brésil/épidémiologie , Études transversales , Génotype , Hépatite A/épidémiologie , Hépatite B/épidémiologie , Hépatite C/épidémiologie , Prévalence , Population rurale
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 10(1): 51-54, Feb. 2006. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-428716

Résumé

Life expectancy has increased over the last century as it had never been before. This is the result of a combination of many favorable variables such as level of education, improved socio-economic environment and development of medicine. However, new improvements demand heavy investment. Thus, the incorporation of medical technology became a health and economic issue. The pharmacoeconomic knowledge field is being developed to help in the analysis of medical costs and patient needs. The applies to hepatitic C, a common and chronic worldwide disease. In this article, the authors describe the rational behind this type of health economic analysis and review a hepatitis C model. Overall, in a non-Brazilian scenario, it was demonstrated that peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) is cost effective in the treatment of HCV disease.


Sujets)
Humains , Antiviraux/économie , Hépatite C chronique/traitement médicamenteux , Interféron alpha , Ribavirine/économie , Antiviraux/administration et posologie , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Association de médicaments , Hépatite C chronique/économie , Interféron alpha , Chaines de Markov , Années de vie ajustées sur la qualité , Ribavirine/administration et posologie
5.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 14(6): 295-7, nov.-dez. 1995. tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-168053

Résumé

Na última década foram descritos cinco casos de síndrome de Mallory-Weiss associada ao preparo colonoscópico com polietilenoglicol ou soluçao salina. Neste artigo, os autores revisam a leteratura e relatam o caso de paciente com essa complicaçao após o preparo com manitol.


Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Sujet âgé , Coloscopie/effets indésirables , Mannitol/effets indésirables , Syndrome de Mallory-Weiss/étiologie
6.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 39(3): 229-36, jul.-set. 1995. tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-194070

Résumé

Säo investigados os hábitos alcoólicos segundo sexo, idade, religiäo, desempenho escolar, estrutura familiar e trabalho de um grupo de adolescentes com idade variando entre 10 e 18 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente em escolas públicas de Porto Alegre, com o objetivo de relacionar o padräo de consumo com o grau de escolaridade dos pais, assumindo este dado como um indicador do nível sócio-econêmico. Padronizaram-se os níveis de ingesta em gramas de álcool por mês ,agrupando-se os adolescentes em näo-bebedores (NB), bebedores experimentais (BE), bebedores regulares moderados (BRM) e bebedores regulares excessivos (BRE). A amostra constitui-se de 571 adolescentes. A prevalência de consumo de álcool em nosso estudo foi de 78,9 por cento, sendo ligeiramente maior nas mulheres (80,1 por cento) do que nos homens (77,3 por cento), porém com maior número de BRE entre os homens (7,7 por cento) do que entre as mulheres (2,2 por cento). Observamos que a ingesta aumenta com a idade em todos os grupos de consumo. Näo foi encontrada relaçäo significativa entre o padräo de consumo e o nível de escolaridade dos pais. A alta prevalência de consumo de álcool em nosso meio e o fato de que 5 por cento dos estudantes apresentam um consumo excessivo permitem concluir que a ingestäo de álcool nesta faixa etária representa näo apenas um problema epidemiológico, mas também clínico, justificando a necessidade imediata de medidas preventivas


Sujets)
Humains , Enfant , Adolescent , Consommation d'alcool/épidémiologie , Comportement de l'adolescent , Niveau d'instruction , Facteurs socioéconomiques
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