Résumé
As doenças cardiovasculares aterotrombóticas representam uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. A aterosclerose é uma patologia de origem multifatorial com grande dependência genética e familiar, que apresenta elevada suscetibilidade de agravamento, segundo o estilo de vida. Nosso objetivo foi descrever as prevalências dos fatores de risco cardiovascular (RCV) e da Síndrome Metabólica (SM), além de estimar o RCV nos participantes do projeto Atividade Física na Vila. Mediante estudo de corte seccional, 48 pacientes entre 23 e 74 anos (41 mulheres e 7 homens), foram avaliados quanto à presença de sedentarismo, tabagismo, história familiar de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) ou doença arterial coronariana, obesidade, obesidade abdominal, hipertensão arterial (HA), DM2, glicemia de jejum alterada (GjA), dislipidemia e SM. As prevalências dos fatores de risco foram comparadas com os dados disponíveis para a população geral. A SM foi definida pelos critérios da NCEP. O RCV foi estimado pelo Escore de Framingham (EF) e comparado entre os participantes com e sem SM. Dos pacientes, 67% tinham mais de 50 anos e 46%, mais de 55. Houve alta prevalência dos fatores de RCV comparando-se aos dados populacionais, destacando-se sedentarismo (52% x 56%; NS), obesidade (homens 14% x 9%; NS; mulheres 39% x 13%; p<0,05), HA (56% x 32%; p<0,05) e hipercolesterolemia (63% x 40%; p<0,05). As prevalências de DM, GjA, obesidade abdominal e SM foram de 10%, 21%, 60% e 27%, respectivamente. O EF foi de 5,2 ± 5,5, sendo significativamente maior nos pacientes com SM (9,5 ± 3,1x 3,5 ± 5,4; p<0,05). Esses dados evidenciam a alta prevalência dos fatores de risco e sugerem sua ação sinérgica no aumento do RCV global representado pelo EF e a necessidade das mudanças no estilo de vida desses pacientes.
The group of atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases represents one of the leading causes of death around the world. Atherosclerosis is a condition of multifactorial origin, with great genetic and familiar dependence, besides being characterized by an elevated aggravation trend related to lifestyle. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and Metabolic Syndrome (MS), as well as to estimate the cardiovascular risk in the subjects of the "Atividade Física na Vila" Project. By means of a cross sectional study, 48 patients aged between 23 and 74 (41 women and 7 men) were screened for the presence of sedentary lifestyle, smoking, family antecedents of Diabetes mellitus type 22 (DM) or Coronary artery disease, obesity, abdominal obesity, High Blood Pressure (HBP), DM2, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Lipid abnormalities, and MS. This prevalence was compared to the available general population data. The MS definition was that of the NCEP. The CVR was estimated using the Framingham Score (FS), and compared among the groups with and without MS. 67% of the patients were 50 or older and 46% were 55 or older. There was a high prevalence of CVR factors compared to the population data, specially in the case of sedentary lifestyle (52% x 56%, NS), obesity (men 14% x 9%, NS; women 39% x 13%, P<0.05), HBP (56% x 32%, P<0.05), high total cholesterol (63% x 40%, P<0.05). The prevalence of DM2, IFG, abdominal obesity and MS was 10%, 21%, 60% and 27%, respectively. The mean FS was 5,2 ± 5,5, significantly higher in the patients with MS (9,5 ± 3,1 x 3,5 ± 5,4 p<0.05). These data indicate the high prevalence of CVR factors, and suggest its synergy in elevating the global CVR represented by the FS, as well as strongly support the need for changes in the lifestyle of these patients.