Efficacy of Certain Insecticides and Neem Products against Shoot and Fruit Borer [Earias vittella (Fabricius)] of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

A field trial was conducted at the research plot at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi Season of 2022-2023 where eight treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design (RBD) Eight treatments i.e., Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC @ 0.3ml/lit, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @0.5ml/lit ,Spinosad 45%SC@1.3 ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @0.5 ml/lit, Imidacloprid 17.80%SL @0.5ml/lit, Azadirachtin 1% EC @ 10ml/lit, NSKE 5% @ 50 ml/lit and untreated Control. The data on the percent infestation of the shoot and fruit borer on okra third, seven and fourth day after spray reveal that all the insecticides and neem products were significantly superior over control. Among all the different treatments lowest shoot and fruit infestation of okra was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole (10.21% ,9.98%) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (11.45%, 12.29%), Spinosad 45%SC (13.86%, 14.11%), Imidacloprid 17.80% SL (16.94,15.87%), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5%EC (17.83, 16.03%), Azadirachtin 1% EC (19.25%, 17.04%) and NSKE 5% (20.35%, 18.75%), control (24.84%, 25.98%). The yields among the treatment were significant. The yield and benefit cost ratio was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (195.5 q/ha) (1:9.3) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (149.2q/ha), (1:8.2), Spinosad 45 % SC (140.2q/ha), (1:8.11), Imidacloprid 17.80SL (136.3q/ha), (1:7.9), Lambda cychalothrin 2.5 EC (133.2q/ha), (1:7.6), Azadirachtin 1% (96.3q/ha) (1:5.5) and NSKE 5% (92.4q/ha) (1:5.2) as compared to, control (72.2q/ha), (1:4.2).

Field Efficacy of Insecticides against Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) on Maize (Zea mays L.)

The field investigation was carried out during the Kharif season 2021 and 2022 in Central Research Farm (CRF), Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments each replicated thrice viz., Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.5 ml/l), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (10 ml/l), Thiamethoxam 25 WG (10 gm/kg), Profenophos 50 EC (3ml/l), Cypermethrin 10 EC (4 ml/l), Neem oil 3% (30 ml/l), Verticillium lecani 1.15 WP (15 ml/l), Spinosad 45 SC (0.3 ml/l), Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (0.40 gm/kg), Indoxacarb 15.8 EC (1.5 ml/l), NSKE 5% (50 ml/l) and control plot. The result on Spodoptera frugiperda larval population after first and second spray in kharif 2021 and kharif 2022 evaluated that all the treatments were significantly superior over the control. Among the all treatments Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (2.24), (0.82) and (3.61), (2.33) was recorded minimum larval population of the both spray followed by, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (2.41), (1.01) and (3.82), (2.46), Indoxacarb 15.8 EC (2.53), (1.13) and (3.92), (2.55), Thiamethoxam 25 WG (2.66), (1.26) and (3.99), (2.66), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (2.73), (1.33) and (4.06), (2.73) and Spinosad 45 SC (2.86), (1.46) and (4.12), (3.79). In this Profenophos 50 EC (2.93), (1.53) and (4.19), (2.86), Cypermethrin 10 EC (2.99), (1.59) and (4.32), (2.99), Verticillium lecani 1.15 WP (3.06), (1.66) and (4.39), (3.06), Neem oil 3% (3.13), (1.73) and (4.46), (3.13), NSKE 5% (3.19), (1.79) and (4.55), (3.24) is found to be least effective than all the treatments and is significantly superior over the control (4.99), (6.19) and (6.40), (7.19).

Effectiveness and Activity of Essential Oils as Bio-insecticides against the Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in Different Pulses

Callosobruchus chinensis L. is considered as the most destructive pest that attacks stored grains. The use of synthetic chemicals has many adverse effects on human health and results in environmental contamination. Essential oils can effectively combat this pest as a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides. The most frequently utilized techniques for evaluating insecticidal activity were the tests for contact toxicity, inhalation/fumigant toxicity, and repellency. As its primary mechanism of action, Acetyl cholinesterase, GABA receptors, and octopaminergic receptors are all impacted by essential oils, which also inhibit acetyl cholinesterase and play a part in GABA receptor regulation. The present review offers an overview on already published research and reports with regard to the utility of Essentials oils to combat the pulse beetle.