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3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(9): 780-788, 09/2014. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-719321

Résumé

Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) has been indicated as an efficient medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It remains unclear if its effects are due to an improvement of the insulin signaling cascade, especially in obese subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GbE on insulin tolerance, food intake, body adiposity, lipid profile, fasting insulin, and muscle levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), and protein kinase B (Akt), as well as Akt phosphorylation, in diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal fat diet (NFD) for 8 weeks. After that, the HFD group was divided into two groups: rats gavaged with a saline vehicle (HFD+V), and rats gavaged with 500 mg/kg of GbE diluted in the saline vehicle (HFD+Gb). NFD rats were gavaged with the saline vehicle only. At the end of the treatment, the rats were anesthetized, insulin was injected into the portal vein, and after 90s, the gastrocnemius muscle was removed. The quantification of IRS-1, Akt, and Akt phosphorylation was performed using Western blotting. Serum levels of fasting insulin and glucose, triacylglycerols and total cholesterol, and LDL and HDL fractions were measured. An insulin tolerance test was also performed. Ingestion of a hyperlipidic diet promoted loss of insulin sensitivity and also resulted in a significant increase in body adiposity, plasma triacylglycerol, and glucose levels. In addition, GbE treatment significantly reduced food intake and body adiposity while it protected against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diet-induced obesity rats. It also enhanced insulin sensitivity in comparison to HFD+V rats, while it restored insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, increased IRS-1, and reduced PTP-1B levels in gastrocnemius muscle. The present findings suggest that G. biloba might be efficient in preventing and treating obesity-induced insulin signaling impairment.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Adiposité/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Dyslipidémies/traitement médicamenteux , Ginkgo biloba/composition chimique , Obésité/traitement médicamenteux , Phytothérapie , Glycémie/analyse , Cholestérol HDL/sang , Cholestérol LDL/sang , Alimentation riche en graisse/effets indésirables , Dyslipidémies/métabolisme , Consommation alimentaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Hyperglycémie provoquée , Hypoglycémie/sang , Substrats du récepteur à l'insuline/analyse , Insulinorésistance/physiologie , Insuline/métabolisme , Muscles squelettiques/composition chimique , Obésité/étiologie , Extraits de plantes/usage thérapeutique , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/analyse , Protéines proto-oncogènes c-akt/analyse , Rat Wistar , Transduction du signal/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Triglycéride/sang
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 72(4): 859-864, Nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-660382

Résumé

We identified the avian assembly that consumes Miconia ligustroides (Melastomataceae) fruit and described its phenophases in a fragment of cerrado vegetation located in southeastern Brazil. The fruiting period occurred between March and June, a period of food shortage. In 2005 and 2008, we registered eighteen bird species consuming fruits, during 156 hours of observations. Species of the families Thraupidae and Tyrannidae were the most representative in the number of visits and fruit consumption. Short visits (less than three minutes) and low incidence of defecation apparently indicate that seeds may be released far from the parent-plant, suggesting dispersal efficiency by the studied assembly. Owing to its characteristics, we believe Miconia ligustroides may be useful in the restoration of degraded areas.


Identificamos a assembleia de aves que consome frutos de Miconia ligustroides (Melastomataceae) e descrevemos a fenologia dessa planta, em um fragmento de cerrado no sudeste do Brasil. O período de frutificação ocorreu entre março e junho, um período de escassez de alimento. Em 2005 e 2008, foram registradas 18 espécies de aves consumindo frutos, ao longo de 156 horas de observação. Espécies das famílias Thraupidae e Tyrannidae foram as mais representativas em número de visitas e consumo de frutos. Visitas curtas (menos de três minutos) e a baixa incidência de defecação, aparentemente, indicam que as sementes devem ser liberadas longe da planta-mãe, o que sugere eficiência na dispersão pela assembleia estudada. Em função de suas características, acreditamos que Miconia ligustroides pode ser útil na restauração de áreas degradadas.


Sujets)
Animaux , Oiseaux/physiologie , Comportement alimentaire/physiologie , Melastomataceae/croissance et développement , Brésil , Oiseaux/classification , Fruit , Saisons , Graines
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 70(3): 537-550, Aug. 2010. tab, ilus
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-555265

Résumé

The Cerrado domain is a mosaic of vegetation types at the local scale, and this environmental heterogeneity leads to high regional bird diversity. Therefore, we aimed to survey quantitative and qualitatively the bird fauna of two fragments of Cerrado and to compare them with an adjacent protected area (Estação Ecológica de Itirapina), in order to assess the heterogeneity of bird diversity in the region. The present study was conducted during 12 months from October 2006 to September 2007 in the municipality of Itirapina, Southeastern Brazil. Altogether we recorded 210 bird species. Fifty-six of them had never been detected in Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, and eleven species are new records for the whole Itirapina region. The list also includes six species that are endangered in Sao Paulo State and five endemic species of the Cerrado domain. Most species were recorded in less than 50 percent of the visits and exhibited low relative abundance. Primarily insectivorous species were the most common, followed by omnivores. Frugivorous birds were poorly represented. Carnivores were more abundant than usually observed in fragments. The similarity among fragments was higher than between fragments and the protected area. Considering the vegetation heterogeneity in the Cerrado domain, our results reinforce the importance of conserving fragments in order to sample this diversity.


O mosaico de tipos vegetacionais que formam o Cerrado contribui para a alta diversidade de aves deste domínio. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar os levantamentos qualitativo e quantitativo da avifauna de dois fragmentos de Cerrado e compará-los aos resultados encontrados em uma área adjacente de Cerrado (Estação Ecológica de Itirapina). O trabalho foi realizado entre outubro de 2006 e setembro de 2007, no município de Itirapina, região central do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Registramos um total de 210 espécies de aves. Destas, 56 ainda não haviam sido registradas na Estação Ecológica e onze espécies são novos registros para a região de Itirapina. A lista dos fragmentos inclui seis espécies ameaçadas no Estado de São Paulo e cinco espécies endêmicas de Cerrado. A maioria das espécies foi detectada em menos de 50 por cento das visitas e apresentou baixa abundância relativa. A classificação em categorias tróficas indicou a prevalência de espécies predominantemente insetívoras, seguidas pelas onívoras. Os frugívoros foram pouco representados e a quantidade de carnívoros foi superior à geralmente encontrada em fragmentos. A similaridade encontrada entre os fragmentos foi maior que a encontrada entre os fragmentos e Estação Ecológica. Os resultados reforçam a importância da conservação dos fragmentos de Cerrado, uma vez que a heterogeneidade de tipos vegetacionais é importante para a conservação da biodiversidade local.


Sujets)
Animaux , Oiseaux/classification , Brésil , Surveillance de l'environnement , Densité de population , Arbres
6.
Braz. j. biol ; 70(2): 243-254, May 2010. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-548260

Résumé

Bird species richness is an important measure for monitoring biodiversity changes. We analysed avifauna richness and composition in a 472 ha protected cerrado fragment and surroundings at Fazenda Canchim (RL-CPPSE), São Carlos, in the State of São Paulo (SP). We carried out 95.1 hours of observation (22 visits) at irregular intervals from May 2004 to December 2006. Qualitative surveys were done walking through tracks inside the fragment and on the roads at its edge. We recorded 160 species, six of which were endemic to Cerrado domain, 22 migratory, seven threatened within the State of São Paulo, and two globally threatened. We found 28 species in the cerradão, 110 in the cerrado sensu stricto, 13 in the gallery forest, 26 in the reservoir border, 26 in pasturelands and sugar cane monoculture and 55 in an anthropic area. Most of the species had low frequency of occurrence in all vegetation forms. Insectivores were the major trophic category (46.9 percent), which is typical in tropical regions, and it is also related to resource availability. Omnivores followed with 19.4 percent, granivores with 8.8 percent and frugivores with 7.5 percent. We conclude that, despite its size and conservation status, our study area has a remarkable bird community and must be considered as a priority conservation area to preserve bird species in Sao Paulo State.


A riqueza de espécies é uma medida importante para o monitoramento da perda de biodiversidade. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a riqueza e a composição da avifauna em um fragmento de cerrado de 472 ha na Fazenda Canchim (RL-CPPSE), São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo (SP). Realizamos 95,1 horas de observação (22 visitas) entre maio de 2004 e dezembro de 2006, em intervalos irregulares. Percorremos trilhas dentro do fragmento e estradas na sua borda considerando diferentes tipos de vegetação. Registramos 160 espécies, das quais seis são endêmicas do Cerrado, 22 migratórias, sete ameaçadas de extinção no estado de São Paulo e duas globalmente ameaçadas. Registramos 28 espécies no cerradão, 110 no cerrado sensu stricto, 13 na mata ciliar, 26 no entorno de uma represa, 26 em pastagens e plantações de cana-de-açúcar e 55 em áreas antropizadas. A maioria das espécies ocorreu em baixa freqüência em todos os tipos de vegetação. A categoria com maior número de espécies foi a dos insetívoros (46,9 por cento), padrão típico em regiões tropicais e, provavelmente, relacionado à disponibilidade de recursos na área. A segunda categoria trófica foi a dos onívoros (19,4 por cento), seguida pelos granívoros (8,8 por cento) e frugívoros (7,5 por cento). Nossos resultados destacam consideráveis registros de espécies aves e a importância da área de estudo na preservação da biodiversidade da avifauna no cerrado paulista.


Sujets)
Animaux , Biodiversité , Oiseaux/classification , Surveillance de l'environnement/méthodes , Densité de population
7.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 5(4): 846-850, 2006. tab, ilus
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-482074

Résumé

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) are two wild-canid species found in the Brazilian Cerrado. We tested cross-amplification and transferability of 29 short tandem repeat primers originally developed for cattle and domestic dogs and cats on 38 individuals of each of these two species, collected in the Emas National Park, which is the largest national park in the Cerrado region. Six of these primers were successfully transferred (CSSM-038, PEZ-05, PEZ-12, LOCO-13, LOCO-15, and PEZ-20); five of which were found to be polymorphic. Genetic parameter values (number of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosities, and fixation indices) were within the expected range reported for canid populations worldwide.


Sujets)
Animaux , Chats , Bovins , Chiens , Allèles , Loups/génétique , Renards/génétique , Répétitions microsatellites/génétique , Séquence nucléotidique , Brésil , Marqueurs génétiques , Données de séquences moléculaires , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne
8.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 4(4): 742-748, 2005. mapas, ilus
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-444849

Résumé

Mantel tests of matrix correspondence have been widely used in population genetics to examine microevolutionary processes, such as isolation-by-distance (IBD). We used partial and multiple Mantel tests to simultaneously test long-term historical effects and current divergence and equilibrium processes, such as IBD. We used these procedures to calculate genetic divergence among Eugenia dysenterica (Myrtaceae) populations in Central Brazil. The Nei's genetic distances between pairs of local populations were strongly correlated with geographic distances, suggesting an IBD process, but field observations and the geographic distribution of the samples suggest that populations may have been subjected to more complex evolutionary processes of genetic divergence. Partial Mantel regression was used to partition the effects of geographic structure and long-term divergence associated with a possible historical barrier. The R(2) of the model with both effects was 73.3%, and after the partition 21.9% of the variation in the genetic distances could be attributed to long-term historical divergence alone, whereas only 1.5% of the variation in genetic distances could be attributed to IBD. As expected, there was a large overlap between these processes when explaining genetic divergence, so it was not possible to entirely partition divergence between historical and contemporary processes.


Sujets)
Variation génétique , Évolution biologique , Génétique des populations , Modèles génétiques , Myrtaceae/génétique , Brésil , Géographie
9.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 8(2): 184-185, Apr. 2004.
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-365413

Résumé

A case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia in an HIV negative immunodepressed patient was described using the BACTEC 460 TB system. This bacterium should be investigated in the blood of immunodepressed non-HIV infected patients with prolonged fever.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Bactériémie , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Bactériémie , Issue fatale , Tuberculose
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 35(10): 1127-1131, Oct. 2002. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-326234

Résumé

The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has increased the need for rapid drug susceptibility tests, which are needed for adequate patient treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) system to detect multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. The MGIT system was compared with two standard methods (proportion and resistance ratio methods). One hundred clinical M. tuberculosis isolates [25 susceptible to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), 20 resistant to INH, 30 resistant to INH-RIF, and 25 resistant to INH-RIF and other drugs] obtained in the State of Säo Paulo were tested for INH and RIF susceptibility. Full agreement among the tests was found for all sensitive and all INH-resistant strains. For RIF-resistant strains results among the tests agreed for 53 (96.4 percent) of 55 isolates. Results were obtained within 6 days (range, 5 to 8 days), 28 days and 12 days when using MGIT, the proportion method and the resistance ratio methods, respectively. The MGIT system presented an overall agreement of 96 percent when compared with two standard methods. These data show that the MGIT system is rapid, sensitive and efficient for the early detection of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis


Sujets)
Humains , Antituberculeux , Isoniazide , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Rifampicine , Manipulation d'échantillons , Techniques bactériologiques , Milieux de culture , , Tests de sensibilité microbienne , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Sensibilité et spécificité , Facteurs temps , Tuberculose multirésistante
11.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 36(5): 155-160, maio 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-334917

Résumé

No Departamento de Ortopedia a Traumatologia da Santa Casa de São Paulo (SCMSP), Pavilhão "Fernandinho Simonsen", foram analisados 13 pacientes submetidos a duas formas de exame do teste de Thomas, além do exame radiográfico, com o objetivo de estabelecer a forma de medição mais precisa, compará-las com o exame radiográfico e determinar se existe correlação entre estas medidas. Os autores concluem que existe correlação entre os testes clínicos utilizados e a radiografia, porém há mais correlação no teste no qual se procura fletir o quadril ao máximo, em direção ao tórax, que proporciona maior retificação da lordose lombar.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adolescent , Adulte , Arthrodèse , Contracture de la hanche
12.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 38(1): 15-22, jan.-fev. 1996. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-172646

Résumé

No periodo de 1992 a dezembro de 1994, foram obtidas culturas positivas para M. tuberculosis e foram realizados testes de sensibilidade a drogas em 228 pacientes atendidos no Centro de Referencia DST/AIDS-SP. Atraves da revisao dos prontuarios de todos os casos verificamos resistencia a uma ou mais drogas em 47 (20.6 por cento), dos quais 25 (10.9 por cento), que relatavam tratamento pregresso, foram considerados como portadores de resistencia adquirida. Dos antecedentes investigados, somente os fatores tratamento previo e alcoolismo foram independentemente associados a ocorrencia de resistencia. A sobrevivencia dos pacientes portadores de cepas resistentes foi menor que a dos pacientes acometidos por M. tuberculosis nao resistentes. Concluimos que nesta casuistica a resistencia do M. tuberculosis aos tuberculostaticos foi predominantemente do tipo adquirida.


Sujets)
Humains , Tuberculose/thérapie , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolement et purification , Résistance microbienne aux médicaments , Tests de sensibilité microbienne , Infections à VIH , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/étiologie
13.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 41(3): 255-6, maio-jun. 1995.
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-156308

Résumé

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primariamente resistente a múltiplas drogas, é problema de crescente importância nos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, näo existem relatos, pelo menos em literatura formal, de infecçäo por este patógeno. Relato de caso. Os autores relatam caso de paciente do sexo masculino que teve diagnóstico de tuberculose ganglionar cervical por meio de baciloscopia. Adicionalmente, anti-HIV feito por método ELISA resultou positivo. O paciente iniciou esquema terapêutico com isoniazida, rifampicina e pirazinamida. Segundo o paciente e seus familiares, os medicamentos foram administrados corretamente, mas näo foi observada melhora clínica. Após 75 dias de tratamento, o paciente foi internado no Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de Säo Paulo com piora clínica caracterizada por aumento de gânglio submandibular, insuficiência respiratória e dor abdominal, vindo a falecer seis dias após a admissäo. Cultura do aspirado ganglionar, colhida no dia da internaçäo, mostrou crescimento de M. tuberculosis sensível ao etambutol e resistente à isoniazida, rifampicina, pirazinamida, etionamida e estreptomicina. Discussäo. O isolamento de M. tuberculosis multirresistente, mesmo que em paciente com forma extra-pulmonar da doença, traz à tona discussäo da necessidade da prevalência do patógeno em nosso meio mediante realizaçäo de cultura e antibiograma, e ressalta problemas inerentes à MTB-MDR, como a alta letalidade em pacientes com infecçäo clinicamente manifesta e a transmissäo intra-hospitalar, já demonstrada em outros países. É discutida a necessidade de cumprimento rigoroso das medidas de isolamento


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/complications , Tuberculose ganglionnaire/complications , Infection croisée/prévention et contrôle , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolement et purification , Résistance microbienne aux médicaments
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