Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in renal transplant patients

Introduction: There is scarce information regarding clinical evolution of HBV infection in renal transplant patients. Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of acute exacerbation in HBV-infected renal transplant patients and its association with the time after transplantation, presence of viral replication, clinical evolution, and use of antiviral prophylaxis. Materials and methods: HBV infected renal transplant patients who underwent regular follow-up visits at 6-month intervals were included in the study. The criteria adopted to characterize exacerbation were: ALT >5 × ULN and/or >3 × baseline level. Predictive factors of exacerbation evaluated were age, gender, time on dialysis, type of donor, post-transplant time, ALT, HBeAg, HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, immunosuppressive therapy, and use of antiviral prophylaxis. Results: 140 HBV-infected renal transplant patients were included (71% males; age 46 ±10 years; post-renal transplant time 8 ±5 years). During follow-up, 25% (35/140) of the patients presented exacerbation within 3.4 ±3 years after renal transplant. Viral replication was observed in all patients with exacerbation. Clinical and/or laboratory signs of hepatic insufficiency were present in 17% (6/35) of the patients. Three patients died as a consequence of liver failure. In univariate analysis variables associated with exacerbation were less frequent use of prophylactic/preemptive lamivudine and of mycophenolate mofetil. Lamivudine use was the only variable independently associated with exacerbation, with a protective effect. Conclusions: Acute exacerbation was a frequent and severe event in HBV-infected renal transplant patients. Prophylactic/preemptive therapy with antiviral drugs should be indicated for all HBsAg-positive renal transplant patients. .

Leishmaniose visceral e gestação: relato de caso / Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and pregnancy: a case report

Leishmaniose visceral (LV) é doença endêmica no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, principalmente nas áreas próximas dos rios Paraguai e Paraná. Nos últimos anos vem aumentando o número de casos, especialmente na Capital, Campo Grande, com conseqüente surgimento de casos em gestantes e conseqüentemente havendo risco de transmissão vertical do parasita. No presente trabalho é relatado um caso de LV em gestante, acompanhada por nosso grupo e tratada com anfotericina B lipossomal, não tendo ocorrido a transmissão vertical do parasita. O presente relato demonstra opção terapêutica em casos de calazar durante a gestação, tendo em vista a contra-indicação relativa do uso do antimoniato, droga de primeira escolha para tratamento em pacientes não-gestantes