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2.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2008 Oct-Dec; 26(4): 392-5
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53739

Résumé

Cladophialophora bantiana, a dematiaceous fungus and a member of the family Phaeohyphomycetes, is primarily a neurotropic fungus causing central nervous system (CNS) infection. We report a case of a well preserved, young adult male presenting with a capsuloganglionic abscess caused by C. bantiana, a rare entity. Diagnosis was made based on the mycology and histopathology findings of the aspirate from the abscess through a burr hole. The patient responded clinically to amphotericin B.


Sujets)
Adulte , Ascomycota/classification , Abcès cérébral/microbiologie , Encéphalopathies/microbiologie , Infections fongiques du système nerveux central/microbiologie , Humains , Mâle , Mycoses/microbiologie , Jeune adulte
3.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Jul; 25(3): 203-8
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53886

Résumé

PURPOSE: To evaluate the spectrum of activity of three beta-lactamase inhibitors such as amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, ticarcillin/ clavulanic acid and piperacillin/ tazobactam in comparison to cephalosporins against gram negative bacilli. METHODS: Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the clinical specimens received in the laboratory were included in the study. Using the API system (bioMiotarieux) during a one-year period, a total of 1,252 Enterobacteriaceae and 385 non-fermenters were evaluated. RESULTS: The percentage resistance of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates was 82.92% to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, 58.22% to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and 22.44% to piperacillin/tazobactam respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance of 96% to ticarcillin/ clavulanic acid and 61% to piperacillin/ tazobactam and Acinetobacter baumannii showed 49% resistance to ticarcillin/ clavulanic acid and 77% resistance to piperacillin/ tazobactam respectively. The isolates exhibited high resistance to all the generations of cephalosporins and the other groups of antibiotics except carbapenems. CONCLUSIONS: Piperacillin/tazobactam was found to be the most active combination of the three against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid against Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.


Sujets)
Acinetobacter/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Amoxicilline/pharmacologie , Acide clavulanique/pharmacologie , Enterobacteriaceae/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Antienzymes/pharmacologie , Bactéries à Gram négatif/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Tests de sensibilité microbienne/méthodes , Acide pénicillanique/analogues et dérivés , Pipéracilline/pharmacologie , Pseudomonas/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Stenotrophomonas/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Ticarcilline/pharmacologie , Résistance aux bêta-lactamines , bêta-Lactamases/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , bêta-Lactames/pharmacologie
4.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Apr; 25(2): 146-9
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53614

Résumé

Central nervous system cryptococcosis is an important cause of mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reactive patients. A retrospective study was conducted on a total of 1,863 HIV reactive hospitalized patients suspected of cryptococcal meningitis. Three hundred and fifty-nine cerebrospinal fluid specimens of these cases were screened for various cryptococcal investigations. Thirty-nine out of 359 (10.86%) showed a definite diagnosis of cryptococcosis with a mortality rate of 25.64%. Prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis in the total HIV reactive cohort was 2.09%. Concurrent cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis was seen in 33.3% cases. A high index of clinical suspicion and routine mycological surveillance is required to help an early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, as majority of patients respond well to therapy if treated early.


Sujets)
Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA/épidémiologie , Liquide cérébrospinal/microbiologie , Infections à VIH/complications , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) , Hospitalisation , Humains , Inde/épidémiologie , Méningite cryptococcique/épidémiologie , Prévalence , Études rétrospectives , Tuberculose/épidémiologie
5.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Jan; 25(1): 24-7
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53812

Résumé

PURPOSE: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with humans getting the infection either from rodent hosts or from domestic animals. Urine contaminated environment is the common source of infection. This is an under-reported disease in Andhra Pradesh. We report a retrospective hospital-based study on 55 patients with suspected leptospirosis. METHODS: A total of 55 serum samples were collected from patients with suspected leptospirosis and subjected to serological testing by LeptoTek Dri-dot, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Identification of the predominant infecting serotype was done using a panel of 12 serovars. RESULTS: MAT analysis of all the 55 samples identified all cases to be positive. The predominant serogroup was Icterohaemorrhagiae (68%) followed by Australis (22%), Autumnalis (8%) and Javanica (2%). LeptoTek Dri-dot showed a sensitivity of 96% as compared to MAT. IgM ELISA done on 32 samples showed a sensitivity of 86.7% compared to MAT. CONCLUSIONS: MAT helped to identify Icterohemorrhagiae as the predominant serovar in this study. Despite the small number of samples analyzed, the data obtained establishes a need for a prospective study in this region.


Sujets)
Cellules cultivées , Test ELISA , Tests d'hémagglutination , Hôpitaux , Humains , Immunoglobuline M/immunologie , Inde , Leptospira/croissance et développement , Leptospirose/sang , Études rétrospectives , Tests sérologiques
6.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2006 Oct; 24(4): 280-2
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53475

Résumé

Dengue is an acute infectious disease of viral etiology. It is probably one of the most important arthropod borne viral disease in terms of human morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of disease ranges from self-limited dengue fever to more severe forms of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection mainly depends on detection of virus specific antibodies. The aim of the study was to correlate the serological results with clinical presentation in patients with a diagnosis of dengue. Eleven out of 15 (73.3%) patients with DHF and DSS had secondary antibody response and mortality was 100% in these patients.


Sujets)
Centres hospitaliers universitaires , Adolescent , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Anticorps antiviraux/sang , Enfant , Dengue/diagnostic , Dengue sévère/diagnostic , Virus de la dengue/immunologie , Femelle , Humains , Immunoglobuline G/sang , Immunoglobuline M/sang , Inde/épidémiologie , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Tests sérologiques , Choc septique/diagnostic
7.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2006 Jul; 24(3): 222-4
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53610

Résumé

We report a case of pulmonary zygomycosis in an adult male diabetic patient who presented with fever and altered sensorium initially and later developed streaky haemoptysis. Bronchoscopy showed picture of necrotizing pneumonia. Sputum was negative for fungal elements on admission but later bronchial wash and repeat sputum samples were positive by microscopy and culture showed growth of Rhizopus species. Immediately the patient was put on amphotericin B but had a bout of massive haemoptysis and succumbed. A high index of suspicion is needed for an early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of this infection in view of the high mortality rate.


Sujets)
Amphotéricine B/administration et posologie , Liquide de lavage bronchoalvéolaire/microbiologie , Complications du diabète/diagnostic , Issue fatale , Hémoptysie/complications , Humains , Hydroxydes , Mycoses pulmonaires/complications , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Mucormycose/complications , Pneumopathie infectieuse/complications , Composés du potassium , Rhizopus/isolement et purification , Expectoration/microbiologie
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