RÉSUMÉ
The history of the racial classification of the people of India can be looked at in three temporal phases: (1) at the nationallevel, the initial studies of racial classification attempted along with the Census of India; (2) at the regional level, studies byanthropologists and statisticians following systematic sampling and statistical procedures were conducted after the initialnational-level studies and (3) population-specific studies in different regions across the country including micro-evolutionary studies of individual populations followed the regional studies. Initially the racial classification was part of theCensus survey conducted by British anthropologists in some parts of the country among castes and tribes and was based ona few physical traits. This was followed by a systematic anthropometric survey in particulars regions (e.g., UP, Bengal, etc.)by anthropologists and statisticians. This was followed by population specific micro-evolutionary studies across differentregions by numerous anthropologists investigating the role of selection, drift, migration and admixture and other populationstructure variables among endogamous castes and tribes.