Résumé
Background: Worldwide, suicide is the third cause of death among adolescents. Aim: To determine the socio-demographic context and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents hospitalized for suicidal behavior in a general hospital. Material and Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, we evaluated 47 patients with a mean age of 15.3 years (87% women) admitted for suicidal behavior at the Clinical Hospital of the Catholic University of Chile. Demographic data of the participants were registered. Clinical interviews were done by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Results: Fifty seven percent of patients lived with both parents. Fifty one percent had previous suicide attempts and 68% had a previous psychiatric treatment. The main trigger was a conflict with parents in 66%. The psychiatric diagnoses were major depressive episode in 74.5% and pathological development of personality in 43%. All suicide attempts were with drugs and 6.4% were associated with cuts. Seventeen percent of attempts were classified as medically serious and they were more common in older age groups. Non severe attempts were observed mainly in women (92.3%). Acetaminophen intake was recorded in 8.5% of cases. Admission to hospital increased in the final quarter of the year. High costs of hospitalization were observed associated to stays in high complexity units. Conclusions: The population studied shows a high incidence of prior suicidal behavior. Most of the studied patients had attempts that were not classified as serious. These occurred predominantly in women in all age ranges. Medically serious suicidal behavior is mainly observed in older adolescents.
Sujets)
Adolescent , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Jeune adulte , Hospitalisation/statistiques et données numériques , Tentative de suicide/psychologie , Tentative de suicide/statistiques et données numériques , Répartition par âge , Facteurs âges , Chili/épidémiologie , Conflit psychologique , Trouble dépressif majeur/diagnostic , Trouble dépressif majeur/épidémiologie , Hôpitaux généraux , Facteurs de risque , Répartition par sexe , Facteurs sexuels , Facteurs socioéconomiquesRésumé
La ansiedad por separación es fisiológica entre los 6 meses y 6 años de edad, puede diagnosticarse como un trastorno cuando no es apropiada para el nivel de desarrollo y altera la funcionalidad del niño. Es importante tener presente esta trastorno en la práctica pediátrica, detectar factores de riesgo, diagnosticarlo y tratarlo oportunamente. De esta forma se fomente la autonomía y capacidad de relaciones empáticas del niño.
Sujets)
Humains , Enfant , Angoisse de la séparation/diagnostic , Angoisse de la séparation/étiologie , Angoisse de la séparation/thérapieRésumé
La encopresis es un problema común en la infancia que se presenta en escenarios pediátricos, psiquiátricos y psicológicos y tiene un impacto significativo en el funcionamiento social y emocional del niño y en su familia.
Sujets)
Humains , Enfant , Encoprésie/diagnostic , Encoprésie/psychologie , Encoprésie/thérapie , Diagnostic différentiel , Encoprésie/épidémiologie , Encoprésie/étiologie , Recueil de l'anamnèse , Examen physique , PronosticRésumé
La comprensión del delirium es fundamental en el campo de la psiquiatría infanto-juvenil, pero también en otras especialidades que tratan niños. Estos comienzan bruscamente con alteración de la conciencia, de la memoria, del lenguaje, ideas delirantes durante el curso de una enfermedad, por el uso de sustancias o en el postoperatorio. Es importante la familiarización con los síntomas y tratamiento del delirium en niños y adolescentes así como reconocer el riesgo que conlleva.