Effect of sitagliptin on depression in male wistar rats

Background: Growing evidence supports relationship between depression and inflammation. The hypothesis of involvement of inflammatory pathways in depression is supported by the findings of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. So, we decided to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on depression using forced swim test (FST) and possible effects of sitagliptin on serum oxidative stress markers and cytokine gene expression in rat hippocampus.Methods: FST model was used to evaluate antidepressant effect in male wistar rats. Rats in group I (control group) were given normal saline, group II (standard group) were given fluoxetine, group III and IV (test groups) were given sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and sitagliptin 9 mg/kg respectively. All the drugs in all groups were given per orally. At the end, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected. Hippocampus of rat brain was dissected out. Serum oxidative stress markers and hippocampal pro inflammatory cytokine gene expression analysis was carried out.Results: Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg showed reduction in depressive symptoms and hippocampal cytokine gene expression in comparison to control. In case of serum oxidative stress markers, there was statistically significant reduction in nitric oxide levels with stagliptin 9 mg/kg. Although there was a decrease in the levels of catalase and increase in the levels of glutathione with standard and test groups, the results were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The present study showed significant antidepressant effect activity of standard and test groups. Hence, further research should be carried out to substantiate above results.

Rhinosporidiosis of the Neck: A Rare Occurrence.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by a fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi, It frequently involves the nasopharynx and presents as a painless, friable, polypoidal growth hanging anterior to the nares or posteriorly into the pharynx. Th e lesions appear pink with minute white dots, which give it a strawberry-like appearance. Histopathologically, the organisms appear as sporangia containing large numbers of round or ovoid endospores. Several drugs have been tried, but Dapsone has proven to be most eff ective. In the present case, the lesion was seen on the anterior border of the mandible which is a very rare site for this infection. Th e growth was pedunculated and proliferative mimicking an aggressive lesion. On histology, also a rare fi nding of involvement of lymph nodes by the sporangia was noted.

A comparative evaluation of sealing ability of rootcanal sealers.

The importance of apical seal has always been stressed in endodontic therapy. Root canal sealers have been used along with gutta percha to enhance the seal. The apical sealing ability of AH26/silverfree, a modified version of AH26, a resin based sealer was compared with tubliseal, a zincoxide eugenol based sealer using methylene blue dye penetration method. AH26/silverfree showed superior sealing ability.

A comparative evaluation of four adhesive tooth coloured restorative materials. An invitro study.

Four adhesive tooth colored restorative materials, Fuji II, Fuji II LC, Dyract and TPH composite resin were evaluated for the amount of microleakage in enamel and cementum. The TPH composite resin showed maximum microleakage, significantly higher than Fuji II, which showed least microleakage. All the four materials showed more micro leakage in cementum when compared to enamel.

A comparative evaluation of sealing ability of restorative materials used for coronal sealing after root canal therapy.

In the past few years the importance of coronal seal following root canal therapy has been emphasised. Adhesive restorative materials have been used, considering their good bond strength and their sealing ability. In this study, the sealing ability of resin modified glass ionomer has been compared with composite resin used with fifth generation bonding agent (in vitro), using methylene blue dye penetration method. Resin modified glass ionomer showed greater leakage than composite resin, although it was not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to asses the sealing efficacy in clinical situations.