Résumé
INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 afecta a las embarazadas con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas; una de ellas es el parto prematuro. El objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar a las embarazadas con COVID-19 que tuvieron su parto y determinar la razón de aumento de parto prematuro en este grupo en comparación con aquellas que no presentaban la enfermedad. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo donde se incluyeron pacientes embarazadas entre abril y junio del año 2020 en la Maternidad del Hospital San Juan de Dios. Se seleccionaron aquellas que tuvieron su parto y se evaluaron los datos demográficos y médicos, antecedentes obstétricos, información respecto al parto, antecedentes del recién nacido y características de la enfermedad por COVID-19. RESULTADOS: Entre las pacientes COVID-19 un 16.9% tuvo parto prematuro, alcanzando un OR de 1,79 (0,76-3,84 IC 95%) respecto a aquellas sin la enfermedad que, aunque no significativo, evidencia tendencia. Entre las que cursaron con COVID-19 severo todas tuvieron parto prematuro, con un OR significativo (>= 7.84 IC 95%) en comparación con aquellas con cuadro leve o negativas a COVID-19. Un 10.1% de los recién nacidos de madres COVID-19 requirió reanimación neonatal, mientras que en las negativas fue de un 5.5%. CONCLUSIONES: Entre las pacientes COVID-19 se observo una tendencia a aumento del riesgo de parto prematuro respecto a aquellas sin la enfermedad, siendo significativo el aumento del riesgo en aquellas que cursaban con síntomas y aún más significativo si presentaban enfermedad severa.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected pregnant women with different clinical manifestations, one of them premature labor. The objective of this study is to characterize the pregnant patients with COVID-19 who had their delivery and to determine the risk of preterm delivery in this group compared to those who did not have the disease at the Maternity Department in San Juan de Dios Hospital, and determine what the rate of premature delivery is. METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study where pregnant patients were included between April and June of 2020 at the Maternity Department in San Juan de Dios Hospital. Patients who had their delivery were selected and demographic and medical data, obstetric history, information regarding delivery, newborn history and characteristics of COVID-19 disease were evaluated. RESULTS: Among COVID-19 positives, a 16.9% had premature labor, reaching a nonsignificant OR 1.79 (0.76-3.84 95% CI) compared to those COVID-19 negative. Among those with severe COVID-19, all had preterm birth, with a significant OR (>=7.84 95% CI) compared to those with mild symptoms or COVID-19 negative. 10.1% of newborns of COVID-19 mothers required neonatal resuscitation, while, in the negative ones it was 5.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Among COVID-19 patients, a trend towards increased risk of preterm birth was observed compared to those without the disease, with the increased risk being significant in those with symptoms and even more significant if they had severe disease.