Prolotherapy - A venturing Treatment for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder.

Prolotherapy, a regenerative injection therapy. Has been used to relieve joint pain and stabilize injured joints. Since the 1930s, this technique is used to strengthen and rejuvenate weak tendons, ligaments and also resolves the joint laxity, as a result patient’s problems with discomfort, pain and loss of function are resolved. Th is is done after identifying the areas of weakness by injecting naturally occurring therapeutic agents which stimulate the healing process by provoking the acute infl ammatory response including the infl ux of stem cells which promote repair of damaged tissues. Th is low grade infl ammatory response is temporary at the site of injection which synthesizes collagen and strengthens the cartilage by promoting fi broblasts. Growth factors are also produced at the site of injection which restarts the healing process that is never completed eff ectively. Th is article reviews the history of prolotherapy and its applications in dentistry.

Sonoporation-Invigorating Sound in Dentistry: A Review.

Ultrasound (US), traditionally a diagnostic modality, and is emerging as a non-invasive therapy using local drug delivery and gene therapy. US exposure gene rates bio eff ects that result in shear stress, tissue heating, and cavitation eff ects, which are used in therapeutic applications. Sonoporation employs these eff ects to enhance delivery of large molecules such as DNA into the cells which is applied to muscle, head and neck tumor, in a cell disruption process called transformation and increases the permeability to bioactive materials, which is usually used in molecular biology and gene therapy. Nevertheless, it has recently become popular as a technique to enhance drug release from drug delivery systems. Th is review presents the main fi ndings in the fi eld of sonoporation, namely drug delivery, gene delivery and DNA transfer and its applications in dentistry.