Résumé
ABSTRACT Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii has been considered a prevalent pathogen in hospitals, raising concern in the medical community due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial resistance. Since it is a subject that arouses much interest, it has been increasingly studied. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, the use of polymyxins was reestablished. The polymyxins have been considered the only option for the treatment of severe infections caused by MDR A. baumannii. Objective: To investigate the susceptibility profile of A. baumannii to polymyxin B. Material and method: 92 clinical isolates from two public hospitals in the Rio de Janeiro city were studied using broth microdilution method. Results: Most of the isolates were resistant to polymyxin B, 81.5% (n = 75), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged between 4-64 mcg/ml. Conclusion: These results are a concern since currently the polymyxins have been considered the most effective therapeutic option against MDR isolates of A. baumannii.
RESUMO Introdução: Acinetobacter baumannii tem sido considerado um patógeno prevalente nos hospitais, gerando preocupação na comunidade médica por conta de seu extenso espectro de resistência aos antimicrobianos. Por ser um assunto que desperta muito interesse, tem sido cada vez mais estudado. Devido à emergência de bactérias Gram-negativas resistentes a múltiplas drogas (MDR), o uso de polimixinas foi reestabelecido. As polimixinas têm sido consideradas a única opção para o tratamento de infecções graves causadas por A. baumannii MDR. Objetivo: Investigar o perfil de suscetibilidade de A. baumannii à polimixina B. Material e método: Foram estudados 92 isolados clínicos provenientes de dois hospitais da rede pública do município do Rio de Janeiro por meio da técnica de microdiluição em caldo. Resultados: A maioria dos isolados foi resistente à polimixina B, 81,5% (n = 75), apresentando valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) entre 4-64 mcg/ml. Conclusão: Esses resultados são preocupantes, já que atualmente as polimixinas têm sido consideradas a opção terapêutica mais eficaz contra isolados de A. baumannii MDR.
Résumé
A total of 74 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from three government hospitals in 2002 and 2003 were examined concerning the distribution of qacA/B gene, which is the determinant of resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds largely employed in hospital disinfection. By polymerase chain reaction the qacA/B gene was found in 80 percent of the isolates, which is a significant result considering it is the first time that qacA/B gene is being reported for Brazilian MRSA strains and it is presented at a high rate.
Sujets)
Humains , Protéines bactériennes/génétique , Protéines de transport membranaire/génétique , Résistance à la méticilline/génétique , Composés d'ammonium quaternaire/pharmacologie , Staphylococcus aureus/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Staphylococcus aureus/génétique , Séquence nucléotidique , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , Staphylococcus aureus/isolement et purificationRésumé
A crude polysaccharide obtained from mycelium of Fusarium solani by treatment with 2 per center KOH/2h/100§C and fractionated by gel filtration chromatography yielded three fractions denoted L1,L2 and L3. Chemical analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed the presence od 89,5 per center total carbohydrate, 4 per center protin 14 per center uronic acid, traces of phosphate and hexosamine. Mannose, galactose, glucose and unidentifid pentose, were present in a 27.5:34:34.5:4 molar ratio.