Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Newly Diagnosed T2DM Patients attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India and its Association with Various Risk Factors

Introduction: The natural history of diabetic nephropathyhas generally been viewed as a descending path fromnormoalbuminuria to end stage renal disease through anintermediate stage marked by microalbuminuria and overtproteinuria. For this reason, measurement of urine albuminis often used as a sensitive marker and predictor of overtnephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Study aimedto determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in newlydiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to assess theprobable risk factors associated with microalbuminuria.Material and methods: A total of 155 newly diagnosed Type 2Diabetes mellitus patients were includedin our cross-sectionalstudy. After the history, general physical examination andanthropometry, various biochemical investigations includingkidney function test, plasma blood sugars, lipid profile andHbA1c. The detection of microalbuminuria was done byMicral Test (dipstick, Roche Diagnostic) method in a randomspot urine sample. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed if theurinary albumin excretion was ≥20 mg/L of urine.Results: The overall prevalence of nephropathy was 32.9%(51/155).There was significant association of albuminuriawith the increase in age of the patients, increased BMI, highglycated haemoglobin, high fasting plasma glucose, anddyslipidemia.Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence of microalbuminuriaat the time of diagnosis in our study reconfirms that evaluationfor microalbuminuria must be done at the time of diagnosis inall patients of T2DM

Clinical, hormonal and radiological features of partial Sheehan's syndrome: an Indian experience

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to describe clinical presentation, hormonal profile and imaging characteristics of 21 patients with partial Sheehan’s syndrome. Subjects and methods This prospective study was carried out over a period of six years (2008-2013). The evaluation of patients included clinical assessment, hormone estimations and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of pituitary. Results We documented preservation of gonadotroph, corticotroph and lactotroph function in 71.4, 61.9, and 9.5% of patients respectively. Conclusion To conclude some of the pituitary functions can be preserved in Sheehan’s syndrome and this has important implications from the treatment and long term morbidity point of view.

Prevalence of hypertension in patients with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of hypertension in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Five hundred patients (229 men and 271 women) with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the last 6 months were evaluated for hypertension and presence of various diabetes related complications. Overall 42% (210/500) of the patients had hypertension; more women (46.1%) than men (37.1%) were affected. Patients with hypertension were older, had higher body mass index and plasma triglyceride levels, and evidence of ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram. Female sex, higher age, family history of hypertension or diabetes, history of neuropathic pains, higher body mass index, presence of albuminuria, dyslipidaemia or cardiac hypertrophy were found to affect prevalence of hypertension in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.