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1.
J. bras. pneumol ; J. bras. pneumol;49(5): e20230274, 2023. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521125

RÉSUMÉ

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare lung function between adolescents with and without substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional exploratory study. The sample consisted of 16 adolescents with SUD and 24 age-matched healthy controls. The adolescents in the clinical group were recruited from a psychiatric inpatient unit for detoxification and rehabilitation; their primary diagnosis was SUD related to marijuana, cocaine, or polysubstance use. Questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were applied for clinical evaluation. Results: We found that FVC, FEV1, and their percentages of the predicted values were significantly lower in the adolescents with SUD than in those without. Those differences remained significant after adjustment for BMI and the effects of high levels of physical activity. The largest effect size (Cohen's d = 1.82) was found for FVC as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC%), which was, on average, 17.95% lower in the SUD group. In addition, the years of regular use of smoked substances (tobacco, marijuana, and crack cocaine) correlated negatively with the FVC%. Conclusions: This exploratory study is innovative in that it demonstrates the early consequences of smoked substance use for the lung health of adolescents with SUD.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a função pulmonar de adolescentes com e sem transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias (TUS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal observacional. A amostra foi composta por 16 adolescentes com TUS e 24 controles saudáveis emparelhados pela idade. Os adolescentes do grupo clínico foram recrutados em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica para desintoxicação e reabilitação; seu diagnóstico primário era o de TUS (maconha, cocaína ou polissubstâncias). Foram aplicados questionários e testes de função pulmonar para a avaliação clínica. Resultados: A CVF, o VEF1 e seus valores em porcentagem do previsto foram significativamente mais baixos nos adolescentes com TUS do que naqueles sem TUS. Essas diferenças permaneceram significativas após os ajustes para levar em conta o IMC e os efeitos de altos níveis de atividade física. O maior tamanho de efeito (d de Cohen = 1,82) foi o observado em relação à CVF em porcentagem do previsto (CVF%), que foi, em média, 17,95% menor no grupo TUS. Além disso, os anos de uso regular de substâncias fumadas (tabaco, maconha e crack) correlacionaram-se negativamente com a CVF%. Conclusões: Este estudo exploratório é inovador na medida em que demonstra as consequências precoces do uso de substâncias fumadas para a saúde pulmonar de adolescentes com TUS.

2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; J. pediatr. (Rio J.);98(3): 248-255, May-June 2022. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386091

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract Objective: To evaluate sleep characteristics of parents and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic and predictors for sleep disturbances. Methods: Cross-sectional web-based study using an online survey made available for dyads of parents and their children during the 7th week of quarantine in southern Brazil. Parents' and adolescents' sleep were characterized using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. For children aged 0-3 years parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, for those aged 4-12 years the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Parents also informed, subjectively, their perception about sleep habits during social distancing. Multiple regression was run to predict sleep disturbances in adults using independent variables: sex, income, education, children age, and children with sleep disturbances. Results: Data from 577 dyads showed sleep alterations in 69,8% of adults, in 58,6% of children aged 0-3 years, 33,9% in the 4-12 years range (with a predominance of disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep), and 56,6% in adolescents. Sex (female) and children with sleep disturbances were significant predictors of a sleep problem in parents (p < 0.005). Subjective perception revealed complaints related to emotional concerns such as anxiety and fear in adults and due to alterations in routine in children and adolescents. Conclusion: The present study's data showed an increased rate of sleep problems among families during quarantine both measured by validated instruments and also based on personal perception.

3.
Temas psicol. (Online) ; 22(3): 655-662, dez. 2014. ilus, tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-777758

RÉSUMÉ

Since the 1990s there have only been a few studies with human subjects that focused on the underlying mechanisms associated with acute psychological stress exposure and even less have been conducted with children. Based on the idea that it is possible to elicit and measure behavioral and physiological patterns in response to stressors in a short period of time, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), an experiment that consists of public speaking exposure and a mental arithmetic task, was developed. However, there is no Brazilian version of the TSST for children. The current study sought to translate and adapt the TSST protocol for children to the Brazilian Portuguese language. The final version of the adapted protocol consists of a story regarding the public speaking phase, as well as instructions about each phase of the protocol, including the rapports and information concerning the pre- and the post-stages of the TSST for children. This work is building toward innovation in the Brazilian stress research field. In addition, whereas research on stress also involves physiological and biological markers measurements, the TSST is also an innovative tool for multidisciplinary research.


Antes da década de 1990, poucos estudos com sujeitos humanos focaram-se nos mecanismos subjacentes associados à exposição ao estresse psicológico agudo e, ainda menos, foram conduzidos em amostras infantis. Baseando-se na ideia de que é possível eliciar e medir padrões comportamentais e fisiológicos em resposta a estressores em um curto período de tempo, o Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), um experimento que consiste na exposição à fala em público e a uma tarefa mental aritmética, foi desenvolvido. Todavia, não existe versão brasileira para o TSST aplicável a crianças. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar para a língua portuguesa do Brasil o protocolo do TSST para crianças. A versão final do protocolo adaptado consiste na história narrada na fase de fala em público, bem como em instruções sobre cada fase do protocolo, incluindo rapports e informações sobre as fases pré e pós TSST. Este trabalho visa à inovação no campo de pesquisas brasileiro sobre estresse. Além disso, enquanto a pesquisa sobre estresse também envolve medições de marcadores fisiológicos e biológicos, o TSST é também uma ferramenta inovadora para a pesquisa multidisciplinar.


Antes de la década de 1990, pocos estudios con sujetos humanos se han centrado en los mecanismos subyacentes asociados con la exposición al estrés psicológico agudo, y aún menos se llevaron a cabo en muestras de niños. Basándose en la idea de que es posible para obtener y medir los patrones fisiológicos y de comportamiento en respuesta a factores estresantes en un período corto de tiempo, la Prueba de Estrés Social Trier (TSST), un experimento que consiste en la exposición a hablar en público y tarea mental aritmética, fue desarrollado. Sin embargo, no hay versión brasileña del TSST aplicable a los niños. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir y adaptar el protocolo del TSST para los niños al portugués del Brasil. La versión final del protocolo se adaptó la historia narrada en la fase de hablar en público, así como las instrucciones para cada fase del protocolo, incluyendo rapports e información acerca de la TSST pre y post. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo innovar en el campo de los estudios brasileños sobre el estrés. Por otra parte, mientras que la investigación sobre el estrés también involucra mediciones de marcadores biológicos y fisiológicos, la TSST es también una herramienta innovadora para la investigación multidisciplinaria.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Anxiété , Stress physiologique , Stress psychologique , Psychologie expérimentale
4.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 36(2): 119-122, Apr-Jun/2014. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-833136

RÉSUMÉ

Introduction: Recurrent exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) seems to be higher among victims of sexual abuse. In this sense, experiences related to sexual violence can perpetuate within the family context itself in various ways. Here, we investigate the association between being exposed to CSA and having a child victim of sexual abuse. Method: We used a sample with 123 mothers, who were divided into 2 groups: one consisting of 41 mothers of sexually abused children and another consisting of 82 mothers of non-sexually abused children. History of exposure to CSA was evaluated by means of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ) and we used a logistic regression model to estimate the prediction values regarding having or not a child exposed to sexual violence. Results: Mothers of sexually abused children had significantly higher scores on CTQ, especially on the sexual abuse subscale (SA). According to our logistic regression model, higher scores on the CTQ significantly predicted the status of being a mother of children exposed to sexual violence in our sample (Wald = 7.074; p = 0.008; Exp(B) = 1.681). Years of formal education reduced the likelihood of having a child victim of sexual violence (Wald = 18.994; p = 0.001; Exp(B) = 0.497). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of a possible intergenerational effect of sexual abuse. Family intervention and prevention against childhood maltreatment should take this issue in account (AU)


Introdução: A recorrência da exposição ao abuso sexual na infância (ASI) parece ser maior entre vítimas de abuso sexual. Nesse sentido, experiências relacionadas à violência sexual podem perpetuar-se dentro do próprio contexto familiar por diversas maneiras. Aqui, investigamos a associação entre ser exposto a ASI e ter um filho vítima de abuso sexual. Método: Usamos uma amostra com 123 mães, que foram divididas em 2 grupos: um composto por 41 mães de filhos abusados sexualmente e outro composto por 82 mães de filhos não abusados. O histórico da exposição à ASI foi avaliado por meio do Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ) e usamos um modelo de regressão logística para estimar os valores preditivos em relação a ter ou não um filho exposto a violência sexual. Resultados: Mães de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual obtiveram maiores escores no CTQ, especialmente na subescala de abuso sexual (SA). Segundo nosso modelo de regressão logística, escores maiores no CTQ foram capazes de predizer significativamente a categoria de ser ou não mãe de uma criança vítima de violência sexual em nossa amostra (Wald = 7,074; p = 0,008; Exp(B) = 1,681). O número de anos de escolaridade reduziu a chance de ter um filho vítima de violência sexual (Wald = 18,994; p = 0,001; Exp(B) = 0,497). Conclusão: Nossos achados ressaltam a importância de um possível efeito intergeracional do abuso sexual. Intervenções familiares e preventivas contra maus-tratos na infância deveriam levar em consideração essa problemática (AU)


Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Adultes victimes de maltraitance dans l'enfance/psychologie , Violence sexuelle chez l'enfant/psychologie , Relations mère-enfant , Relations intergénérations , Relations interpersonnelles , Études rétrospectives , Enquêtes et questionnaires
5.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.);36(1): 60-67, Jan-Mar. 2014. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-702640

RÉSUMÉ

Objective: To translate and adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), in both paper-and-pencil and computerized versions. The RMET is a well-accepted instrument for assessment of Theory of Mind (ToM), an important component of social cognition. Methods: Following a guideline for translation of material for clinical populations, this study had three main phases: 1) formal translation and semantic adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese; 2) an acceptability trial with health professionals as judges evaluating picture-word matching; and 3) a trial using the paper-and-pencil and computerized versions (experiments built in E-Prime 2.0.10 software) with healthy participants to test whether the instrument has similar outputs to those expected in versions in other languages. Results: RMET was adequately adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. This version showed acceptability and outputs similar to versions of the instrument in other languages, including the original one. We kept the same number of images as the original English version. Conclusions: Considering the scarcity of cognitive assessment instruments adequately adapted to Portuguese and the importance of social cognition in many psychiatric disorders, this work adds an important resource to Brazilian research and is administrable in both paper-and-pencil and computerized versions. .


Sujet(s)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Jeune adulte , Cognition/physiologie , Caractéristiques culturelles , Perception sociale , Traduction , Brésil , Langage , Tests neuropsychologiques , Projets pilotes , Psychométrie/méthodes , Enquêtes et questionnaires/normes , Reproductibilité des résultats , Logiciel , Théorie de l'esprit
6.
Psicol. pesq ; 7(1): 63-69, jun. 2013. tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-692892

RÉSUMÉ

Recentes achados no campo da neuropsicologia apontam para possíveis prejuízos neurocognitivos associados ao Transtorno Bipolar (TB) em crianças e adolescentes. O presente estudo buscou avaliar o funcionamento cognitivo de adolescentes com TB. Participaram dele 23 adolescentes diagnosticados com TB e 20 adolescentes controles. Utilizou-se uma bateria neuropsicológica e clínica para avaliar as múltiplas funções. Os grupos apresentaram desempenho similar nas tarefas neurocognitivas, entretanto, evidenciou-se prejuízos relacionados à memória de trabalho visuo-espacial, planejamento e tomada de decisão. A identificação precoce de prejuízos neurocognitivos pode ser um fator determinante para minimizar o impacto de tais prejuízos no funcionamento global de crianças e adolescentes. Além disso, possibilita maior eficácia das estratégias de intervenção e prevenção de recaídas nestes indivíduos.


Recent researches in neuropsychology indicate neurocognitive impairments in children and adolescent with Bipolar Disorder (BD). This study aims to assess the cognitive functioning of adolescents diagnosed with BD. In this, 23 adolescents with BD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. A clinical and neuropsychological battery was used to assess multiple functions and conditions of the participants. Both groups showed similar performance in the neurocognitive tasks, however, there were evidences of impairments related to visual working memory, planning and decision making. The early identification of neurocognitive impairments could be the key for minimize the impact of these deficits in the global functioning of children and adolescents. Besides, early identification increases efficacy of strategies of prevention of relapse in those individuals.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Adolescent , Trouble bipolaire , Fonction exécutive , Mémoire , Neuropsychologie
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