Research progress of Charles Bonnet syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Charles Bonnet syndrome(CBS)refers to hallucinations resulting from visual pathway damage in individuals without neuropsychiatric disorders. CBS patients typically have insight into the unreality of their hallucinations, and the disorder may be episodic, periodic, or chronic. The condition's prevalence varies from 0.4% to 30% due to the absence of agreed diagnostic criteria for CBS and some patients' reluctance to acknowledge hallucinations. Massive studies have demonstrated an association between CBS and ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Additionally, there have been reports of CBS occurring after ophthalmic surgery or medication. Therefore, clinicians should be vigilant in diagnosing CBS promptly and reassuring patients. There is a lack of literature on CBS in ophthalmology, and further research is needed to explore its pathogenesis and diagnostic and therapeutic options. This article reviews some of the studies related to CBS in recent years.

Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycosides against atherosclerotic inflammation through NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycosides on the inflammatory response of apolipoprotein E~(-/-)(ApoE~(-/-)) mice and RAW264.7 cells through nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) signaling pathway. In the in vivo experiment, ApoE~(-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diets for 12 weeks to induce the animal model of atherosclerosis, and 75 μg·mL~(-1) oxidized low-density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL) incubated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to establish the atherosclerosis cell model. Automatic biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), Western blot, and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were used to determine the blood lipid levels, aortic intimal thickness, inflammatory factor content, NF-κB pathway-related proteins, and mRNA expression levels, and evaluate arterial atherosclerotic lesions and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of the drug. The model of atherosclerosis was successfully established in ApoE~(-/-) mice after 12 weeks of feeding with high-fat diets. In the model group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were increased(P<0.01), the intima of the blood vessels was thickened, the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and inhibitor of NF-κB(IκBα) were significantly increased as compared with the control group. Compared with the model group, the high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside group decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, reduced the plaque area and thickness and the content of inflammatory factor TNF-α, and inhibited the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB and IκBα, with the effect same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction. In the in vivo experiment, 75 μg·mL~(-1) Ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h to successfully establish a foam cell model. As compared with the control group, the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα in the model group increased. Compared with the model group, the middle-dose and high-dose Buyang Huanwu Decoction glycoside groups decreased the nuclear amount of NF-κB and the protein and mRNA expressions of IκBα. The above results show that the glycosides are the main effective substances of Buyang Huanwu Decoction against atherosclerosis, which inhibit the NF-κB pathway and reduce the inflammatory response, thus playing the role against atherosclerotic inflammation same as Buyang Huanwu Decoction.

Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination on inflammatory responses in atherosclerotic mice / 中国中药杂志

The study aims to observe the effects and explore the mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination in the treatment of the inflammatory response of mice with atherosclerosis(AS) via the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Male ApoE~(-/-) mice were randomly assigned into a model group, a Buyang Huanwu Decoction group, an Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination group, and an atorvastatin group, and male C57BL/6J mice of the same weeks old were used as the control group. Other groups except the control group were given high-fat diets for 12 weeks to establish the AS model, and drugs were administrated by gavage. Aortic intimal hyperplasia thickness, blood lipid level, plasma inflammatory cytokine levels, M1/M2 macrophage markers, and expression levels of proteins in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in the vessel wall were measured to evaluate the effects of drugs on AS lesions and inflammatory responses. The results showed that the AS model was successfully established with the ApoE~(-/-) mice fed with high-fat diets. Compared with the control group, the model group showed elevated plasma total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c) levels(P<0.05), thickened intima(P<0.01), and increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) levels(P<0.01). Moreover, the model group showed increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)(P<0.01), inhibited expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and cluster of differentiation 206(CD206)(P<0.01), and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB inhibitor alpha(IκBα), and NF-κB in the vessel wall(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination lowered the plasma TC and LDL-c levels(P<0.01), alleviated the intimal hyperplasia(P<0.01), and reduced the plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels(P<0.05). Moreover, the two interventions promoted the expression of eNOS and CD206(P<0.05), inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 and iNOS(P<0.01), and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, IκBα, and NF-κB(P<0.05) in the vessel wall. This study indicated that Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix combination could delay the progression of AS, inhibit the polarization of vascular wall macrophages toward M1 type, and attenuate vascular inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the vascular wall. Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were the main pharmacological substances in Buyang Huanwu Decoction for alleviating the AS vascular inflammatory response.

Research on the implementation path of empowerment of scientific and technological achievements of researchers in public hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the implementation path of scientific and technological achievement empowerment for researchers in public hospitals.Methods:Through literature research, theoretical research, policy research, etc, current situation and progress of the ownership management reform of scientific and technological achievements at home and abroad were sorted out, and the difficult problems in the empowerment of scientific and technological achievements were summarized in combination with its practice in domestic public hospitals.Results:The following problems existed in the empowerment of scientific and technological achievements in public hospitals: weak awareness of medical staff′s ownership protection imperfect empowerment system, lagging construction of management personnel, and constraints of state-owned assets management.Conclusions:It is suggested to improve the coordination mechanism of government departments, optimize related policy and law environment and innovation atmosphere, implement a categorized and tiered empowerment strategy for job scientific and technological achievements, set up a management platform of medical scientific and technological achievements, build a complete support service system, establish a mechanism for cultivating and producing high-value achievements, and strengthen the construction of achievement management personnel.

Concordance of self-reporting of diabetes compared with medical records: A comparative study using polyclinic data in Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#Studies of concordance between patients' self-report of diseases and a criterion standard (e.g. chart review) are usually conducted in epidemiological studies to evaluate the agreement of self-reported data for use in public health research. To our knowledge, there are no published studies on concordance for highly prevalent chronic diseases such as diabetes and pre-diabetes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the concordance between patients' self-report and their medical records of diabetes and pre-diabetes diagnoses, and to identify factors associated with diabetes concordance.@*METHOD@#A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey was conducted on patients with chronic diseases after obtaining written consent to assess their medical notes. Interviewers were blinded to the participants' profiles. Concordance was evaluated using Cohen's kappa (κ). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diabetes concordance.@*RESULTS@#There was substantial agreement between self-reported and medical records of diabetes diagnoses (κ=0.76) and fair agreement for pre-diabetes diagnoses (κ=0.36). The logistic regression model suggested that non-Chinese patients had higher odds of diabetes concordance than Chinese patients (odds ratio [OR]=4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-14.13, P=0.03). Patients with 3 or more chronic diseases (i.e. multimorbidity) had lower odds of diabetes concordance than patients without multimorbidity (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.48, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Diabetes concordance was substantial, supporting the use of self-report of diabetes by patients with chronic diseases in the primary care setting for future research. Pre-diabetes concordance was fair and may have important clinical implications. Further studies to explore and improve health literacy and patient-physician communication are needed.

Laser hemorrhoidoplasty versus conventional hemorrhoidectomy for grade II/III hemorrhoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose@#This study compared the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LH) vs. conventional hemorrhoidectomy (CH) in patients with grade II/III hemorrhoids. @*Methods@#PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing LH against CH in grade II/III hemorrhoids. The primary outcomes included postoperative use of analgesia, postoperative morbidity (bleeding, urinary retention, pain, thrombosis), and time of return to work/daily activities. @*Results@#Nine studies totaling 661 patients (LH, 336 and CH, 325) were included. The LH group had shorter operative time (P0.999) and prolapse (P=0.240), and the likelihood of complete resolution at 12 months, were similar (P=0.240). @*Conclusion@#LH offers more favorable short-term clinical outcomes than CH, with reduced morbidity and pain and earlier return to work or daily activities. Medium-term symptom recurrence at 12 months was similar. Our results should be verified in future well-designed trials with larger samples.

Research progress of pigment epithelial-derived factor in ocular diseases / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

As a secreted glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 50kDa, pigment epithelial-derived factor(PEDF)was originally found to be secreted by pigment epithelial cells; afterwards, it was found to be widely distributed in various organs and tissues throughout the body and played multiple biological roles. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed that PEDF can initiate a wide range of cellular responses in eye tissues by binding with a variety of receptors, which has the functions of regulating angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant stress and neurotrophic. Recent studies have found that the application of exogenous PEDF has a preferable therapeutic effect on the repair of dry eye and corneal injury. In addition, the PEDF gene encoding therapy has shown promising in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. This review mainly summarizes the potential therapeutic effects and limitations of pigment epithelium-derived factors in dry eye, corneal injury, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and other diseases in recent years, which provides help for further research on the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases with PEDF.

Research progress on the role of superoxide dismutase in diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in working-age people, which is the most common microvascular disease among diabetes complications.Hyperglycemia state can result in the aggravation of oxidative stress, release a large number of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and cause damage to protein, DNA or RNA in tissues and cells, thus causing cell death. Oxidative stress is considered as one of the important factors for the occurrence and development of DR. Antioxidant defense system is the key component of maintaining redox homeostasis. Superoxide dismutase(SOD)is a major antioxidant enzyme, which maintains the first line of defense in the antioxidant enzyme library. There are three kinds of SOD isozymes in mammals, which mainly protect cells from superoxide damage by accelerating the mutation reaction of SOD. It may delay the occurrence and development of DR by regulating the level of antioxidant enzyme SOD. Currently, the pathogenesis of DR remains unclear. In this paper, the protective effect of antioxidant enzyme SOD on pericytes and ganglion cells in DR was reviewed.

Can we omit systematic biopsies in patients undergoing MRI fusion-targeted prostate biopsies? / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy is the recommended investigation in men with suspicious lesion(s) on MRI. The role of concurrent systematic in addition to targeted biopsies is currently unclear. Using our prospectively maintained database, we identified men with at least one Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) ≥3 lesion who underwent targeted and/or systematic biopsies from May 2016 to May 2020. Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was defined as any Gleason grade group ≥2 cancer. Of 545 patients who underwent MRI fusion-targeted biopsy, 222 (40.7%) were biopsy naïve, 247 (45.3%) had previous prostate biopsy(s), and 76 (13.9%) had known prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance. Prostate cancer was more commonly found in biopsy-naïve men (63.5%) and those on active surveillance (68.4%) compared to those who had previous biopsies (35.2%; both P < 0.001). Systematic biopsies provided an incremental 10.4% detection of csPCa among biopsy-naïve patients, versus an incremental 2.4% among those who had prior negative biopsies. Multivariable regression found age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, P = 0.03), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density ≥0.15 ng ml-2 (OR = 3.24, P < 0.001), prostate health index (PHI) ≥35 (OR = 2.43, P = 0.006), higher PI-RADS score (vs PI-RADS 3; OR = 4.59 for PI-RADS 4, and OR = 9.91 for PI-RADS 5; both P < 0.001) and target lesion volume-to-prostate volume ratio ≥0.10 (OR = 5.26, P = 0.013) were significantly associated with csPCa detection on targeted biopsy. In conclusion, for men undergoing MRI fusion-targeted prostate biopsies, systematic biopsies should not be omitted given its incremental value to targeted biopsies alone. The factors such as PSA density ≥0.15 ng ml-2, PHI ≥35, higher PI-RADS score, and target lesion volume-to-prostate volume ratio ≥0.10 can help identify men at higher risk of csPCa.

Alterations in the intestinal microbiota of preterm infants with neurodevelopmental impairments: a prospective cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the difference in intestinal microbiota between preterm infants with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and those without NDI.@*METHODS@#In this prospective cohort study, the preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from September 1, 2019 to September 30, 2021 were enrolled as subjects. According to the assessment results of Gesell Developmental Scale at the corrected gestational age of 1.5-2 years, they were divided into two groups: normal (n=115) and NDI (n=100). Fecal samples were collected one day before discharge, one day before introducing solid food, and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year. High-throughput sequencing was used to compare the composition of intestinal microbiota between groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the NDI group had a significantly higher Shannon diversity index at the corrected gestational age of 1 year (P<0.05). The principal coordinate analysis showed a significant difference in the composition of intestinal microbiota between the two groups one day before introducing solid food and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the NDI group had a significantly higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the intestine at all three time points, a significantly higher abundance of Enterococcus one day before introducing solid food and at the corrected gestational age of 1 year, and a significantly lower abundance of Akkermansia one day before introducing solid food (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are significant differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota between preterm infants with NDI and those without NDI. This study enriches the data on the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in preterm infants with NDI and provides reference for the microbiota therapy and intervention for NDI in preterm infants.

SGK1 as a therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases / 生理学报

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) plays an important role in the physiological processes of hormone release, neuronal excitation and cell proliferation. SGK1 also participates in the pathophysiological processes of inflammation and apoptosis in the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence demonstrates that SGK1 may serve as a target of the intervention of neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we summarize the recent progress on the role and molecular mechanisms of SGK1 in the regulation of the function of the CNS. We also discuss the potential of newly discovered SGK1 inhibitors in the treatment of CNS diseases.

EPCs-exos combined with tanshinone Ⅱ_A protect vascular endothelium cells from oxidative damage via PI3K/Akt pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of tanshinone Ⅱ_(A )(TaⅡ_A) combined with endothelial progenitor cells-derived exosomes(EPCs-exos) in protecting the aortic vascular endothelial cells(AVECs) from oxidative damage via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) pathway. The AVECs induced by 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(POVPC) were randomly divided into model, TaⅡ_A, EPCs-exos, and TaⅡ_A+EPCs-exos groups, and the normal cells were taken as the control group. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was used to examine the cell proliferation. The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) cytotoxicity assay kit, Matrigel assay, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and laser confocal microscopy were employed to examine the LDH release, tube-forming ability, cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) level, and endothelial cell skeleton morphology, respectively. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of PI3K and Akt. Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreased cell proliferation and tube-forming ability, increased LDH release, elevated ROS level, obvious cytoskeletal disruption, increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt. Compared with the model group, TaⅡ_A or EPCs-exos alone increased the cell proliferation and tube-forming ability, reduced LDH release, lowered the ROS level, repaired the damaged skeleton, decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt. TaⅡ_A+EPCs-exos outperformed TaⅡ_A or EPCs-exos alone in regulating the above indexes. The results demonstrated that TaⅡ_A and EPCs-exos exerted a protective effect on POVPC-induced AVECs by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the combination of the two had stronger therapeutic effect.

Total triterpenes of Euphorbium alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of total triterpenes of Euphorbium in treating rheumatoid arthritis(RA). The rat model of RA was established with Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA). Male rats were randomly assigned into control, model, Tripterygium glycosides(7.5 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose total triterpenes of Euphorbium(32, 64, and 128 mg·kg~(-1), respectively) groups, with 10 rats in each group. In other groups except the control group, 0.2 mL FCA was injected into the right hind toe. Rats in the intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage, and the control group and the model group with the same volume of 0.5% CMC-Na solution once a day. During the treatment period, the swelling degree of the hind paw was measured and the arthritis was scored until day 30. At the end of drug administration, the pathological changes of the joint tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The content of malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), and Fe~(2+) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the joint tissue were measured by biochemical colorimetry. RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4) in the joint tissue. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of Nrf2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), SOD2, GPX4, and ACSL4 in the joint tissue. The results showed that the treatment with Tripterygium glycosides(7.5 mg·kg~(-1)) and total triterpenes of Euphorbium(32, 64, and 128 mg·kg~(-1)) alleviated the swelling degree of bilateral hind limbs, decreased the arthritis score, reduced joint tissue lesions and the content of MDA and Fe~(2+) in the joint tissue, and increased GSH content and SOD activity. Furthermore, the interventions up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GPX4, down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of ACSL4, and up-regulated the protein levels of Keap1, NQO1, HO-1, and SOD2 in the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4. In summary, the total triterpenes of Euphorbium can treat RA by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and abnormal ferroptosis, which may involve the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprint and content determination of 8 components in Jianpi huayu decoction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Jianpi huayu decoction， and to determine the contents of 8 components. METHODS Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 column was used with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， the injection volume was 5 μL. The detection wavelength of matrine was 211 nm， and the other components’ detection wavelength was 283 nm. The similarity evaluation of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of Jianpi huayu decoction was performed by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）. The contents of chlorogenic acid， vanillic acid， p-coumaric acid， ferulic acid， hesperidin， quercetin， bergapten and matrine in the samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS HPLC fingerprint of Jianpi huayu decoction was established. A total of 27 common peaks were identified， and 8 components were identified. The similarity between 10 batches of samples and the control map ranged from 0.942-0.999. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests were less than 3% （n＝6）. The average recoveries of chlorogenic acid， vanillic acid， p-coumaric acid， ferulic acid， hesperidin， quercetin， bergapten and matrine were 99.48%， 101.32%， 101.18%， 100.79%， 101.12%， 99.19%， 99.81% and 102.46%， respectively； RSDs were 1.34%， 0.93%， 1.90%， 1.84%， 0.54%， 1.53%， 1.33% and 1.01%， respectively （n＝6）. The contents were 0.021-0.061， 0.025-0.034， 0.116-0.295， 0.006- 0.062， 0.014-0.053， 0.017-0.026， 0.014-0.027 and 14.05-24.11 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint and content determination method can provide a reference for the quality control and subsequent preparation development for Jianpi huayu decoction.

Cloning and expression analysis of ANR genes from different species of Lonicera japonica Thunb / 药学学报

Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is one of the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and its catalytic activity is important for the synthesis of plant anthocyanin. In this study, specific primers were designed according to the transcriptome data of Lonicera japonica Thunb., and the CDS, gDNA and promoter sequences of ANR genes from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. chinensis (Wats.) Bak. were cloned. The results showed that the CDS sequences of LjANR and rLjANR were 1 002 bp, the gDNA sequences were 2 017 and 2 026 bp respectively, and the promoter sequences were 1 170 and 1 164 bp respectively. LjANR and rLjANR both contain 6 exons and 5 introns, which have the same length of exons and large differences in introns. The promoter sequences both contain a large number of light response, hormone response and abiotic stress response elements. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both LjANR and rLjANR encoded 333 amino acids and were predicted to be stable hydrophobic proteins without transmembrane segments and signal peptides. The secondary structures of LjANR and rLjANR were predicted to be mainly consisted of α-helix and random coil. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that LjANR and rLjANR had high homology with Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, and were closely related to them. The expression levels of LjANR and rLjANR were the highest in flower buds and the lowest in roots. The expression patterns at different flowering stages were similar, with higher expression levels in S1 and S2 stages and then gradually decreased until reaching the lowest level in S4 stage, after a slow increase in S5 stage, the expression levels decreased again. The expression levels of ANR genes in the two varieties showed significant differences in roots, S2 and S5 stages, while the differences in stems, flower buds, S1, S3 and S6 stages were extremely significant. The prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-LjANR was constructed for protein expression. The target protein was successfully expressed of about 59 kD. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of ANR gene and provides theoretical guidance for breeding new varieties of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Clinical Efficacy of Dapagliflozin Combined with Shexiang Baoxinwan in Treatment of Acute Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the clinical efficacy of dapagliflozin combined with Shexiang Baoxinwan （SXBXW） in the treatment of acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction （HFrEF） and syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. MethodA total of 176 patients hospitalized due to acute HFrEF （syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis） were selected and randomized into control group， SXBXW group， dapagliflozin group， and SXBXW + dapagliflozin group （the latter three groups were called the intervention groups）. The New York Heart Association （NYHA） class， 6-minute walk test （6MWT） score， Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire （KCCQ） score， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 （sST2）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） of the patients were evaluated and measured at the time of admission， 1 week after treatment， and 2 weeks of treatment. Furthermore， the hospital stay， in-hospital mortality， and 30-day re-admission rate were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of each group. ResultAfter 1 week of treatment， the SXBXW group exhibited superior NYHA class， KCCQ score， TCM syndrome score and curative effect， IL-6， and hs-CRP to the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After 2 weeks of treatment， the SXBXW group showed superior TCM syndrome score， TCM curative effect， and hs-CRP （P<0.05， P<0.01） to the control group. The dapagliflozin group was superior to the control group in terms of TCM syndrome score， NT-proBNP， and sST2 （P<0.05， P<0.01） after 1 week of treatment and in terms of NYHA class， KCCQ score， NT-proBNP， sST2， and hospital stay （P<0.05， P<0.01） after 2 weeks of treatment. The SXBXW + dapagliflozin group exhibited better efficacy than the control group in terms of NYHA class， 6MWT score， KCCQ score， TCM syndrome score and curative effect， NT-proBNP， sST2， IL-6， and hs-CRP （P=0.014） after 1 week of treatment and in terms of NYHA class， KCCQ score， TCM syndrome score and curative effect， NT-proBNP， sST2， IL-6， hs-CRP， and hospital stay （P<0.01） after 2 weeks of treatment. ConclusionSXBXW and dapagliflozin have good therapeutic effect on acute HFrEF and syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis， and their combination demonstrated better therapeutic effect， with good safety and tolerability.

Protective Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Lavender Against Skin Photoaging in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of total flavonoids of lavender on skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet B （UVB） in mice and to explore its mechanism from the perspective of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） antioxidant pathway. MethodEighty-four female KM mice were randomly divided into seven groups， namely blank group， model group， solvent group， vitamin E （0.013 g·kg-1） group， as well as low-， middle-， and high-dose （0.25， 1.25， 2.50 g·kg-1） groups of total flavonoids of lavender. The naked skin on the back of mice was irradiated with UVB for inducing optical damage. Thirty minutes before irradiation， the skin was coated with the total flavonoids of lavender. After continuous irradiation for one week， the skin moisture and elasticity on the back of mice were evaluated， and the effects of total flavonoids of lavender on histopathological changes in mouse skin were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Van Gieson （VG） staining. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） after skin homogenization were detected by colorimetry， the inflammatory factors interleukin-1 （IL-1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in skin tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， BTB-CNC homology 1 （Bach1）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1）， and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （GCLC） by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited significantly increased appearance score （P<0.01）， reduced skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， pronounced pathological changes in the skin tissue like epidermal thickening， scabbing， small abscess， and severe injury， elevated MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and up-regulated Bach1 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the total flavonoids of lavender at the low， middle， and high doses all remarkably reduced the appearance score （P<0.01）， enhanced the skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， diminished the MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1， HO-1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of Bach1 mRNA （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of the total flavonoids of lavender against skin photoaging in mice is significant， which may be related to its activation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway， regulation of oxidative stress， and improvement of inflammatory response.

Protective Mechanism of Lavender Against Skin Photodamage Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo predict the active ingredients and mechanism of action of lavender in protecting skin photodamage based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology，and further verify possible signal pathways via animal experiments. MethodThe active ingredients and potential targets of lavender were obtained by SwissTargetPrediction，PharmMapper， and literature. Skin photodamage-related targets were searched from GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM），DrugBank and DisGeNET databases. After common targets of the two were screened out，STRING was adopted to analyze the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network，where topological analysis and core target screening were performed by CytoNCA plug-in of Cytoscape 3.8.2. Based on DAVID， gene ontology （GO） annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were carried out among the intersection targets， and the active ingredients of lavender and the signal pathway proteins were selected and verified via molecular docking with AutoDock vina 1.1.2. Finally， mouse photodamage model was established by UVB irradiating the bare skin of mouse back， and the skin condition was observed by naked eyes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and picric acid-acid fuchsin staining （Van Gieson， VG） were used to observe the pathological changes of mouse skin tissues. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression in mouse skin tissues to further validate the key signal pathways. ResultIn this study，6 active ingredients of lavender，526 potential targets，2 688 disease-related targets，and 258 intersection targets were screened out， and 16 core targets were obtained by PPI network. Additionally， 113 related signal pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway analysis，among which phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） pathway and nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） signal pathway might play a key role in skin photodamage protection by lavender. Molecular docking showed that the active ingredients and the signal pathway proteins were well docked. Animal experiments indicated that the total flavonoids of lavender improved the appearance and histopathological condition of mouse skin， reduced the relative expression levels of phosphorylated（p）-PI3K，p-Akt，and B cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2） proteins （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and increased relative expression level of Bcl-2-associated X protein（Bax） （P<0.05）. ConclusionLavender exerts synergistic effect in resisting skin photodamage，with the characteristics of multi-components，multi-targets，and multi-pathways， which provides a basis for subsequent in-depth research on the complex mechanism of lavender against skin photodamage.

Identification and characterization of flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase gene CtUF3GT from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) / 药学学报

UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) uses flavones, dihydroflavonol or anthocyanin as the acceptor and uridine 5′-diphosphate-sugar as the donor to catalyze the production of flavonoid 3-O-glycoside compounds. Based on sequence homology and transcriptome data, we screened and cloned a UF3GT gene named CtUF3GT (GenBank No. OM948976) from safflower. Biological information analysis demonstrate that CtUF3GT has highly conserved PSPG motif. The open reading frame of CtUF3GT is 1 446 bp, encoding 481 amino acids, with a presumed molecular weight of 52.36 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.33. Multiple sequence alignment indicate that CtUF3GT has a high homology with UF3GT from Asteraceae, and phylogenetic analysis showed that CtUF3GT clusters with functional identified UF3GTs from other species. The purified recombinant protein glucosylated kaempferol and quercetin to biosynthesis of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside, respectively. And CtUF3GT prefered to use kaempferol as substrate. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the UF3GT gene was most highly expressed in flowers, followed by leaves, with very low expression in bracts and stems, and no expression in roots. The expression of UF3GT gene showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing at different stages of flower development. The expression of CtUF3GT gene in safflower with different flower color was highly significant (P < 0.01) at S1, S2, S5, S6 and S7 stages of flower development, in which the expression of CtUF3GT in white safflower was 5.3 and 3.1 times higher than that in red safflower at S6 and S7 stages. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the role of CtUF3GT in the mechanism of safflower flavonoid secondary metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation.

Survey on status qua of community practice bases for general practice residency training in Wuhan city / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To survey the status quo of community practice bases for general practice residency training in Wuhan city.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted in 12 community general practice training bases affiliated to 11 tertiary hospitals in Wuhan city from March to June 2021. A total of 123 general practice residents and 41 instructors participated in the survey using the different questionnaires. The contents of questionnaires included the basic conditions of the training base and the current status of training at community base, as well as their satisfaction on the program and related problems. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software.Results:The conditions of the 12 primary practice bases met the requirements of the Standard for Standardized Training Bases for General Practice Residents (2019 Revision) in terms of size of community hospitals, qualification of the person in charge and faculty team. The survey showed that only 3 bases had psychiatric department; 7 bases had literature retrieval system; all 12 bases had a teaching secretary, but only 1 had a full-time teaching secretary; all 12 bases had established formal assistant relationship with higher-level hospitals, but the frequency of communication was low in some bases. Survey also showed that 68.3% (28/41) instructors were aged 40-50 years; 90.2% (37/41) of instructors participated in epidemic prevention and control; 36.6% (15/41) thought that instructing work was related to professional promotion; 87.8% (36/41) of instructors were generally satisfied with the work performance. Most of trainees (92.7%, 114/123) were satisfied with the training at the primary base, and there was a difference in satisfaction degree between trainees with different enrollment sources (χ 2=6.92, P=0.032). The proportion of trainees with confidence for future career increased from 39.8% (49/123) before training in community bases to 60.2% (74/123) after training. Conclusions:The survey shows that primary practice bases for general practice residency training in Wuhan have met the basic requirements; however, the evaluation and motivation of teachers need to be improved, the opportunities for trainees to practice in general outpatient clinics should be increased, research and teaching need to be emphasized, and the management of trainees needs to be strengthened.