Cluster Analysis of Ziziphora bungeana from Different Geographical Populations Based on ITS2 and psbA-trnH Sequences / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To analyze the internal transcribed spacer（ITS）2 and psbA-trnH sequences of Ziziphora bungeana in 18 different geographic populations,in order to provide reference about evaluation of germplasm resources and analysis of genetic diversity of medicinal plants. Method:Genomic DNAs of the Z. bungeana were extracted by kit method. Polymerase chain reaction（PCR）was used to amplify ITS2 and psbA-trnH interstitial region sequences，bidirectional sequencing，splicing，and constructing Neighbor-joining（NJ） based on Kimura 2-parameter（K2P） model. Result:All of sequences of ITS2 and psbA-trnH of Z. bungeana in different geographic populations showed intraspecific variations. The average ITS2 sequence length of Z. bungeana was 236 bp，9 haplotypes were detected，and the genetic distance was 0-0.022. Z. bungeana of different geographical groups gathered into two branches，10 geographic populations,including XTH3，XTH6 and XTH9,were considered as one branch，while 8 geographic populations, including XTH4，XTH5 and XTH10,were the other branch. In addition to XTH6 that lacked 6 in bp psbA-trnH sequence，all of the other geographic populations had a 355 bp sequence of psbA-trnH，4 haplotypes were detected，and the genetic distance was 0-0.023. 12 geographic populations,such as XTH1，XTH3，XTH4,gathered into one branch，while XTH14，XTH17 and XTH18 gathered into the other branch. NJ tree based on ITS2+psbA-trnH combination sequence showed that Z. bungeana of different geographical populations could be divided into two branches，with 12 geographical populations,like XTH11，XTH12，XTH16 as one branch, and XTH14，XTH17 and XTH18 as the other branch. Conclusion:Near or similar geographical locations of different geographical populations implies relatively short genetic distance and relatively close genetic relationship，which indicates that genetic relationship and genetic diversity of Z. bungeana in different geographical populations are related to geographical locations.

Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Ziziphora bungeana / 中国中药杂志

Ziziphora bungeana is a kind of medicinal plants belongs to Labiatae,and it also a kind of geoherbs in Xinjiang. The main active ingredient linarin has a higher content in inflorescence than in other parts. In this study,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to reveal the transcriptome of the inflorescence of Z. bungeana,77 366 unigenes were acquired,of which 56 375 unigenes were annotated based on search of the database and classification. Through the analysis of metabolic pathways,sixty unigenes were probably encoding some enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The contents of linarin in different parts were determined and the key genes were verified by qRT-PCR. The discovery provides the research basis for further analysis of the enzyme genes involved in the biosynthesis of the major flavonoid components in Z. bungeana.

Classification, distribution and change of Uighur medicinal materials resources / 中国中药杂志

With the development and change of Uygur medicine, The sources,medicinal parts and producing area of some Uygur Medicine have changed. It is more important to master the classification, distribution and change of Uygur medicinal materials. These were more than 1 200 kinds Uygur medicine in history were resaerched by field investigation, philological research, and textual research, which main source of original plant were 140 families, 510 genera, 840 species; and source of original animal were 76 families, 107 genera, the original animal 141 species; 55 kinds of original mineral, which main producer were Xinjiang and Central Asia, West Asia, the Mediterranean, and North Africa, Southeast Asia and other provinces in China, there are individual medicinal materials from the Americas, Europe and other places. Through this study the classification, distribution, source and evolution of specific families and genera of Uygur medicine resources have mastered.It is hoped to provide theoretical basis for further research and development of Uygur medicinal materials.

Determination of 3 components in Xinjiang Ziziphora bungeana by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the 3 components in Ziziphora bungeana. The optimum HPLC condition was as follows：ZORBAX SB-C₁₈ column（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5.0 μm）with gradient elution of methanol (A)-0.2% glacial acetic acid (B), detection wavelength 340 nm,column temperature 30 °C, flow rate 1 mL·min⁻¹. There were good linearity between peak areas and injection quantity of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and linarin in the range of 2-40 mg·L⁻¹（=0.999 9）, 3-60 mg·L⁻¹（=1）, 7-140 mg·L⁻¹（r=0.999 9）, respectively. The average recoveries were 100.9%（RSD 1.3%）,98.25%（RSD 2.0%）,and 98.73%（RSD 1.5%）, respectively. The HPLC method was stable and accurate, which could be used to detect caffeic acid,rosmarinic acid, and linarin in Ziziphora bungeana.

The present situation and countermeasures of Uighur medicine compound / 中国中药杂志

Uighur medicine compound, which created and used by Uighur nationality, is under the guidance of the Uighur medical theory system of herbal formula and dialectical use of minority nationality conventional medicines. In recent years, Uighur medicine attracted more and more attention of people which have used and were using it. Combining the history of Uighur medicine, this article summarizes the Uighur resources, medicinal materials, drugs preparation, ancient documents, and the establishment of the clinical evaluation system and so on, and then analyzes the status quo and the existing problems in Uighur medicine compound research and industry. On this basis, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of Uighur medicine.

Protection of citrullus colocynthis fruit extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced and bacillus calmette-guerin plus lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective activities of the extracts from Citrullus colocynthis (ECC), a native plant used as traditional Uigur Medicine on acute liver injury in mice. Methods: The activities of ECC of petroleum ether (ECCPE), chloroform (ECCC), ethyl acetate (ECCEA), n-butyl alcohol (ECCBA), and water (ECCW) were evaluated in vivo using two experimental models, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice. The contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were determined and the liver histological examination was carried out, respectively. Results: The pretreatment with ECC for 7 d obviously reduced the impact of CCl4 toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively) and ALT (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). The protective activity was reconfirmed against BCG + LPS-induced injury and the serum enzymatic levels were obviously elevated, for ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively) and ALT (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: That ECCEA and ECCC are the potent hepatoprotective extracts that could protect liver against the acute injury, and this ability might be attributed to their hepatoprotective potentials. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Purification technology of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis in Fufang Xuelian dropping pills by macroporous resin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the purification technology of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis in Fufang Xuelian dropping pills by macroporous resin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Taking osthole, isomperatorin as index ingredients, the type of resin sampling amount and elution solvent were decided, and the influence of sample concentration pH of sample and ratio of diameter to height of column to adsorption were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>HPD400A was chosen to purify, the suitable sampling ratio of resin volume to raw material was 1:2; pH 3.5 (crude drug) and ratio of diameter to height was 1:7; 95% ethanol of the elution solvent was satisfactory eluant for desorption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPD400A macroporous resin can be used to purify Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis.</p>

Study of cellulolytic soil fungi and two nova species and new medium / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

This study is aimed at identifying and determining the percentage of occurrence frequency of cellulose decomposing soil fungi. The soil samples were inoculated into culture plates prepared in Sabouraud medium under sterilized conditions and incubated at 30 degrees C for 4 to 7 d. The identified fungal species were incubated in self-designed cellulose medium for testing their cellulolytic ability. Forty-two species, including 2 nova species, representing sixteen genera showed growth and sporulation in the cellulose medium. Most of the isolated species were from genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Aspergillus niger and Mucor hiemalis showed highest occurrence frequency (45% and 36% respectively), as these species were collected from about 80% of soil samples. Being agar free and cheaper, the new fungal medium designed showed results equivalent to Sabouraud medium.