Roles of cyclins in the progression of spermatogenesis / 中华男科学杂志

Spermatogenesis is a complex and precise process of differentiation of germ cells, which involves three stages: mitosis of spermatogonia, meiosis of spermatocytes and formation of spermatozoa. The process is controlled by many factors, including regulation of cyclins in spermatogenic cells, which plays a pivotal role. Cyclins form heterologous dimer compounds with protein kinase activity by binding to cyclin-dependent kinases, then phosphorylate multiple proteins and promote the orderly conduct of each phase of the cell cycle. In recent years, cyclins A, B, D and E have been found to play important roles in the regulation of spermatogenesis. This article presents an overview on the roles of these four cyclins in regulating the progression of spermatogenesis.

Experience of Professor JIN Bao-fang in Using Yangjing Decoction in Treatment of Abnormal Sperm Sterility / 中国中医药信息杂志

Male sterility affects human reproduction seriously. Modern medicine has not yet fully understood the reasons for abnormal sperm, so clinical treatment is mainly based on experience, but the effect is inaccurate. According to "kidney controls reproduction" and "chronic illness causes blood stasis" theory, Professor JIN Bao-fang treats abnormol speerm sterility by tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation to remove obstruction with modified Yangjing Decoction, which has achieved good efficacy.

Yiqixue buganshen recipe regulates the expression of integrin ανβ3 in the endometrium of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation mice / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Yiqixue Buganshen recipe(, YBR) on the expression of integrin ανβ3 in the endometrium of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 180 mice were divided into three groups: model group, treatment group and control group. The treatment and model groups were intraperitoneally injected with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue for 7 days; pregnant mare serum gonadotropin was also injected on the 7th day. After 48 h, human chorionic gonadotropin was injected. The control group was injected with an equal volume of saline at the same time. From the start of the experiment, the treatment group was intragastrically administered Jinghouzengzhi Recipe() and Cuhuangti Recipe(). The model group and the control group were intragastrically administered an equal volume of saline. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of integrin ανβ3 in mouse endometrium.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Integrin ανβ3 was expressed in mouse endometrium in all groups. Integrin αββ3 expression increased gradually along with pregnancy, progressing from pregnant day (Pd) 1. Integrin ανβ3 expression significantly increased on Pd 4, then began to decrease on Pd 6. Integrin ανβ3 expression in the treatment group was higher than in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The difference between the treatment group and the control group was not statistically significant (P >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YBR improves endometrial receptivity, and may play an important role in embryonic implantation.</p>

Correlation of ABO groups to hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between ABO blood groups and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 425 patients with HICH admitted to Nanfang Hospital were collected to analyze the relationship between the ABO blood groups and the occurrence of HICH, with normal Han Chinese subjects serving as the controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the officially documented distribution of ABO groups in Chinese population (O 34.11%, B 28.98%, A 28.29%, AB 8.69%) and in Guangzhou residents (O 46.00%, B 25.00%, A 23.00%, AB 6.00%), a significant difference was noted in the blood group distribution in this cohort (O 45.10%, A 26.00%, B 24.00%, AB 4.90%). O blood type individuals with HICH showed a higher morbidity than others. Th ABO blood type distribution in this cohort showed no significant difference from that in the control group (P>0.05), but differed significantly from the Chinese norm (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ABO blood group is a factor contributing to the occurrence of HICH. O blood type is related to cerebral hemorrhage, and may serve as a risk factor for HICH.</p>

Disruption of the microfilament cytoskeleton induced by simulated microgravity affects NO/NOS system of osteoblasts / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of microfilament cytoskeleton changes induced by simulated microgravity on the NO/NOS system of osteoblasts, and explore the mechanism of weightlessness leading to osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1 were divided into simulated microgravity (by rotating clinostat) group, 0.5 microg/ml cytochalasins B group, simulated microgravity+cytochalasins B group, and normal gravity group. After cell culture for 48 h with corresponding treatments, immunofluorescence staining of the cells by FITC-phallacidin was performed to observe the changes of microfilament under laser confocal microscope. NOS activity of the cells was tested with NOS detection kit, and the NO concentration in the cell supernatant was measured with nitrate reductase method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Depolymerization of the microfilament cytoskeleton with irregular arrangement and reduced tension fibers occurred in the cells except for those in the normal gravity group, which was especially obvious in the microgravity+cytochalasins B group. Compared with the normal gravity group, the cells in the other groups showed increased iNOS activity and NO concentration but decreased eNOS activity, especially obvious in simulated microgravity+ cytochalasins B group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Disruption of the microfilament cytoskeleton induced by simulated microgravity can regulate the NO/NOS system to influence the signal transduction of the osteoblasts.</p>

Effect of bushen zhuanggu granule on the gonadal hormone and blood lipid metabolism in climacteric women / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Bushen Zhuanggu Granule (BZG) on the gonadal hormone, blood lipids, serum level of nitric oxide (NO) and free oxygen radical (FOR) in climacteric women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Climacteric women were randomized according the digital table into the CM group (188 cases) and the WM group (189 cases). They were treated by BZG and Premarin plus Depogeston respectively for 2 years. The therapeutic effect on patients' symptoms and changes of blood lipids, gonadal hormones, NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 53 women in the CM group and 96 in the WM group dropping out in the 2-year follow-up period, the difference between them was significant (P < 0.01). The obvious and effective rates in the CM group were 36.30% (49/135), 82.96% (112/135), and in WM were 30.11% (28/93), 73.12% (68/93), the difference between the two group was significant (P < 0.05). The score of complaint was significantly lower in both groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the effect was more obvious in the CM group (P < 0.01). Effects on gonadal hormones and blood lipids were significantly improved in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05); comparison between groups showed the superiority of WM in increasing estrogen (P < 0.05), Blood levels of NO and SOD increased and MDA decreased in both groups after 1- and 2-year treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), showing no significant inter-group difference (P > 0.05). No evident adverse reaction was found in the routine tests on blood, urine and stool, hepatic and renal functions and electrocardiogram examined once every 6 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BZG can effectively restore the disordered indices of gonadal hormones, blood lipids, NO, and SOD in climacteric women, with the efficacy equivalent to the effect of hormone replacement therapy, but it is more safe and inexpensive.</p>

Inhibition effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on T-lymphocyte proliferation through up-regulation of CD8+CD28- T cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to explore effect of CD8+CD28- T-lymphocyte in the inhibition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on T-lymphocyte proliferation. T cells were harvested by using nylon column and CD8+ T cells were sorted by magnetic beads; the T-lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of PHA was evaluated by MTT; the proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells was assayed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). The results showed that MSC inhibited T-lymphocyte proliferation and the inhibitory effect depended on the amount of MSC; the data of FACS indicated that in the CD8+ T cells co-cultured with MSC, CD8+CD28- T cells were up-regulated significantly, compared with the non-treated CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, MSC perform their immunosuppressive function by up-regulation of CD8+CD28- T cells.

Coculture of dendritic cell with cytokine-induced killer results in a significant increase in cytotoxic activity of CIK to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether coculture of dendritic cells (DC) with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) lead to an increase of cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DC and CIK were prepared from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by conventional methods, the DC pulsed with or without NB4 leukemia cell lyses (LCL) was cocultured with the CIK (LCL-DC + CIK and DC + CIK), CIK was used as control. Cells phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry, secretion of IFN-gamma was determined by ELISPOT assay, and cytotoxicity was assayed in vitro with (51)Cr-release assay. A human leukemia cell NB4-bearing nude mice model was established to test in vivo antitumor efficacy and cell homing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with CIK, LCL-DC + CIK got a significant increasing of proliferation rate [(18.2 +/- 2.1) times vs (11.6 +/- 2.3) times, P < 0.05] and CD(3)(+)CD(56)(+) expression rate [(51.05 +/- 2.63)% vs (30.18 +/- 1.45)%, P < 0.05], and the number of IFN-gamma secreting cells was increased significantly [(13.86 +/- 3.28)/10(4) cells vs (8.74 +/- 2.53)/10(4) cells, n = 12, P < 0.05]. Meanwhile, LCL-DC + CIK led to an increase of cytotoxic activity to NB4, K562, and KG1a cells, and showed significant inhibition of the growth of transplanted tumor cells and increased tumor free survival rate of nude mice (100% vs 66.7%, P < 0.05), DiI labeled LCL-DC + CIK were detected in spleen, lymph node and tumor within a week after injection. There was no significant different in antitumor activity between LCL-DC + CIK cell and DC + CIK cell.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Coculture of CIK with DCs can promote the effect of CIK against tumor in vitro and in vivo. DC-CIK is promising as an immuno-therapeutic strategy for patients with leukemia.</p>