Comparison of the effects between toric-designed and spherical orthokeratology for the control of moderate-to-low myopia in adolescents / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the control effects between toric-designed orthokeratology and spherical orthokeratology on adolescents with moderate-to-low myopia.METHODS: The clinical data of 169 adolescents(290 eyes)with moderate-to-low myopia in Jiayuan Outpatient Department of Shanghai Demu Ophthalmology from July 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into toric group and spherical group according to the type of orthokeratology, with 81 cases(135 eyes)and 88 cases(155 eyes)respectively. The changes of visual acuity and ocular axis before and after treatment were recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of both groups significantly improved at 1a after treatment(P<0.01), and the axial length increased compared to that before treatment(P<0.01). But there were no significant differences in uncorrected visual acuity(0.014±0.043, 0.017±0.047LogMAR)and axial growth(0.18±0.22, 0.19±0.22mm)between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Both toric-designed orthokeratology and spherical orthokeratology can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of adolescents with low-to-moderate myopia, and there is no significant difference in controlling effect on myopia.

Function of TRPM8 Ion Channel and Regulation Mechanism of Its Post-translational Modification / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

TRPM8 (transient receptor potential melastatin 8), also known as a cold and menthol receptor and a member of the TRP (transient receptor potential) channel superfamily, locates on the cell membrane or organelle membrane.. TRPM8 is a non-selective cation channel, which can be used as either a cold and heat sensor or cold and pain sensor to conduct signal transduction. It plays an important role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and controlling ion in cells. It has been found that PTM (post-translational modification) of TRPM8 affects the occurrence and development of many diseases by regulating the function of TRPM8 channel. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the PTM process of TRPM8 to gain a deeper understanding for the function and regulatory mechanism of TRPM8. At present, several types of post-translational modifications of TRPM8 have been reported, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination and glycosylation, which can regulate protein interactions and change the activity of TRPM8 ion channels, leading to modulation of cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. It is noteworthy that the expression of TRPM8 level is closely related to many kinds of cancers, such as prostate cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. This review focus on the structure of TRPM8 ion channels, systematically elaborate the translational modifications, activator and antagonist of TRPM8 protein, and the regulation of some proteins on TRPM8 channel activity. At the same time, we summarize the recent progress of TRPM8 in prostate cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer, which would provide new directions and new ideas for the treatment of cancer.

Comprehensive analysis of genomic detection for a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the significance of genomic comprehensive analysis information in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of MDS through comprehensive analysis of a patient with MDS. The bone marrow specimen from a patient with MDS was comprehensively analyzed by a combination of genomic approaches, including chromosomal karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genome scanning using Affymetrix high density SNP microarray platform, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis using IonTorrent Cancer Gene Panel. The results showed that an abnormal clone was identified by standard G-banding karyotyping and confirmed by FISH, which contains interstitial deletions on the long arms of chromosome 5 and 11 respectively. SNP-array analysis defined the two genomic deletions to be an 81 Mb interstitial deletion on the long are of chromosome 5 and a 24 Mb interstitial deletion on the long are of chromosome 11. Meanwhile, SNP-array detected two genomic regions with acquired loss of heterozygosity (LOH), a 58 Mb region on the short arm of chromosome 1 and a 39 Mb region on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 14. In addition, SNP-array identified multiple genomic regions with long stretch of absence of heterozygosity, representing about 5.3% of autosomal genome, indication a certain level of consanguinity between the parents. No clinically significant gene mutation was identified using IonTorrent 50 Cancer Gene Panel while 6 polymorphisms within 6 genes were observed including APC, FGFR3, KDR, KIT, PDGFRA, and RET. It is concluded that the combined genomic techniques are necessary to provide a full picture of the patient's genomic alterations. Some of the acquired genomic findings are important for the diagnosis and therapy selection. Germline genomic alterations warrant genetic counseling and are useful for further studies to explore the mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis of MDS patient.

To emphasize the importance of specimen fixation and improve quality of diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The most common problem in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is inadequate specimen fixation. The paper focused on specimen fixation and standardized protocol in immunohistochemistry staining and gene mutation detection. We have adjusted some procedure used in immunohistochemistry staining and c-kit gene detection to improve the quality of inadequately fixed specimen. It maybe useful for clinicians, pathologists and technicians working in immunohistochemistry labs and gene detection labs.

Strontium-89 for bone metastases from prostate cancer: an update / 中华男科学杂志

Strontium-89 (Sr-89) is a pure emitter with maximum beta energy of 1.46 MeV, average beta energy of 0.58 MeV, and a physical half-life of 50.5 days. It is rapidly taken up by bone and preferentially retained at the sites of osseous metastases. Its biological half-life is >50 days at the metastatic sites, but about 14 days only in the normal bone. The dose of its absorption in the tumor-bearing bone ranges from 21 +/- 4 to 231 +/- 56 cGy/MBq, 2-25 times higher than in the normal bone. Strontium-89 therapy is an effective palliative treatment of bone metastases from prostate cancer, with analgesic effectiveness in 80%.