Nomogram including serum ferritin to predict the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To establish a nomogram model to predict the effect of serum ferritin on diabetic retinopathy and evaluate the model.METHODS:A total of 21 variables, including ferritin, were screened by univariate and multivariate regression analysis to determine the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. A nomogram prediction model was established for evaluation and calibration.RESULTS:Ferritin, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin, urine microalbumin, regularity of medication and body mass index were included in the nomogram model. The consistency index of the prediction model with serum ferritin was 0.813(95%CI: 0.748-0.879). The calibration curves of internal and external verification showed good performance, and the probability of the threshold suggested by the decision curve was in the range 10% to 90%. The model had a high net profit value.CONCLUSIONS:Serum ferritin is an important risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. A new nomogram model, which includes body mass index, duration of diabetes, ferritin, hemoglobin, urine microalbumin and regularity of medication, has a high predictive accuracy and could provide early prediction for clinicians.

Clinical application of 8-0 polypropylene scleral-sutured fixed intraocular lens suspension implantation with the double knots technique in aphakic eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of 8-0 polypropylene scleral-sutured fixed intraocular lens(IOL)suspension implantation with the double knots technique in aphakic eyes.METHODS: Retrospective case series study. The data of 30 aphakic cases(31 eyes, 22 males)that underwent IOL suspension in our hospital from January 2021 to November 2022 were collected. The suspension of IOL(AcrySof IQ or Tecnis ZCB00)was performed by 8-0 polypropylene scleral-sutured with the double knots technique. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), IOL position and complications with at least 6 mo of follow-up were observed.RESULTS: The mean preoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA, LogMAR)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR)were 2.53±0.78 and 0.35±0.26, respectively, which were 0.58±0.26 and 0.36±0.27 at 6 mo postoperatively, respectively. And the differences in UCVA were statistically significant(t=15.408, P<0.01), whereas the difference in BCVA was not(t=-1.677, P=0.104). There were no intraoperative complications, with IOL position all centered, but 3 eyes had IOL tilt, 2 eyes had intraocular hypertension, 5 eyes had corneal edema, and 1 eye had suture exposure postoperatively. There were no complications such as hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, macular edema, corneal endothelial decompensation, hypotony, choroidal detachment, retinal detachment, fulminant superior choroidal hemorrhage, endophthalmitis, or others.CONCLUSION: The 8-0 polypropylene scleral-sutured fixed intraocular lens suspension implantation with the double knots technique can improve the postoperative visual acuity of aphakic patients, and fewer complications, which is an option for the treatment of aphakia, dislocation of the lens and ligament abnormalities.

Predictive factors for functional cure after sequential therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues and pegylated interferon alfa-2b in treatment of chronic hepatitis B / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the independent predictive factors for functional cure after long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) antiviral therapy followed by pegylated interferon α-2b therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods A total of 162 CHB patients who were admitted to several hospitals in Qingdao, China, from 2018 to 2021 were enrolled as subjects, and all patients received pegylated interferon α-2b for at least 48 weeks after NUC therapy for one year or longer. According to whether HBsAg clearance was achieved at week 48 of pegylated interferon α-2b treatment, the patients were divided into functional cure group with 79 patients and non-cure group with 83 patients, and related clinical indices were compared between the two groups. The two-independent-samples t test and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test were used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Spearman correlation analysis was performed, and the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the independent predictive factors for functional cure. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for related variables, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the variables. Results Compared with the non-cure group, the functional cure group had a significantly lower HBsAg level at baseline [21.63 (3.33-157.60) IU/mL vs 794.70 (336.10-1 185.34) IU/mL, Z =-8.869, P 1000 IU/mL (0 vs 8.4%, χ 2 =5.073, P =0.024), a significantly lower level of total bilirubin at baseline [12.60 (10.12-15.93) μmol/L vs 15.50 (11.80-24.10) μmol/L, Z =-3.611, P 2×upper limit of normal (16.5% vs 4.8%, χ 2 =5.835, P =0.016). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline HBsAg (odds ratio [ OR ]=0.996, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 0.995-0.997, P < 0.001), HBsAg at week 12 of pegylated interferon α-2b treatment ( OR =0.990, 95% CI : 0.986-0.994, P < 0.001), HBsAg at week 24 of pegylated interferon α-2b treatment ( OR =0.983, 95% CI : 0.975-0.991, P < 0.001), and baseline total bilirubin ( OR =0.885, 95% CI : 0.826-0.949, P =0.001) were independent predictive factors for functional cure. The ROC curve of baseline HBsAg showed an AUC of 0.904 and the optimal cut-off value of 118.24 IU/mL; the ROC curve of HBsAg at week 12 of pegylated interferon α-2b treatment showed an AUC of 0.948 and the optimal cut-off value of 73.74 IU/mL; the ROC curve of HBsAg at week 24 of pegylated interferon α-2b treatment showed an AUC of 0.975 and the optimal cut-off value of 11.01 IU/mL; the ROC curve of baseline total bilirubin showed an AUC of 0.664 and the optimal cut-off value of 19.9 μmol/L. Conclusion Baseline HBsAg, HBsAg at week 12 of pegylated interferon α-2b treatment, HBsAg at week 24 of pegylated interferon α-2b, and baseline total bilirubin are independent predictive factors for functional cure at week 48 of pegylated interferon α-2b treatment in CHB patients receiving sequential therapy with NUC and pegylated interferon α-2b.

Establishment and validation of nomogram model for intraocular hypertension after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of high intraocular pressure (IOP) after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in patients with high myopia, and construct and verify nomogram model.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From January 2019 to January 2021, 327 patients (654 eyes) with high myopia treated with FS-LASIK in the Department of Ophthalmology of the 910th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Coalition Security Force were included in the study. The patients were categorized into high IOP group and non-high IOP group according to whether high IOP occurred after surgery, which were 60 cases and 120 eyes (18.35%, 60/327) and 267 cases and 534 eyes (81.65%, 267/327), respectively. The clinical data of patients in the two groups were analyzed and observed, and the indicators with differences were subjected to one-way and multifactorial logistic regression analyses, and the results of the regression analyses were visualized to obtain the column line graphs using R3.5.3 software, and the accuracy of the column line graphs was verified by the consistency index (C-index), the calibration curves, and the subject's work characteristic curves (ROC curves).Results:Comparison of the number of cases of affected corneal thickness ( χ2=7.424), corneal curvature ( χ2=9.849), glucocorticoid treatment ( χ2=7.222), intraoperative IOP fluctuation ( χ2=11.475), corneal hysteresis ( χ2=6.368), and the incidence of intraoperative complications ( χ2=6.673) in the hypertensive IOP group and the nonvisualized IOP group were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that corneal thickness >450 μm, corneal curvature≤38 D, glucocorticoid treatment, intraoperative IOP fluctuation, corneal hysteresis ≤8.0 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), and intraoperative complications were the risk factors for the occurrence of high IOP after FS-LASIK surgery in patients with high myopia ( P<0.05). The C-index of the column-line graph prediction model based on this was 0.722 (95% confidence interval 0.684-0.760), the calibration curve and the ideal curve were basically the same, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.709. Conclusions:Corneal thickness> 450 μm, keratometric curvature ≤38 D, glucocorticoid treatment, intraoperative fluctuation of intraocular pressure, and corneal hysteresis ≤8.0 mm Hg are the risk factors for the development of hyperopic IOP in highly risk factors for the development of high IOP after FS-LASIK surgery in myopic patients. The column-line diagram model constructed on the basis of the risk factors hava good accuracy.

Construction and Validation of A MiRNAs Prediction Model for Tumor Mutational Burden in Gastric Cancer / 胃肠病学

Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a promising predictor, which can evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for tumor patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as the key regulators of anti - cancer immune response. However, the relationship between TMB and miRNAs expression profiles in gastric cancer is not elucidated. Aims: To construct and validate the TMB prediction model of gastric cancer by analyzing the sequencing data and clinical data in TCGA database. Methods: Gastric cancer patients in TCGA database were divided into TMB high group and TMB low group, and differentially expressed miRNAs were screened. Gastric cancer patients were randomly divided into training group and validation group. A miRNAs prediction model for predicting TMB level was developed by lasso regression analysis method in training group, and was validated in validation group. KEGG functional enrichment analysis was used to analyze the screening related miRNAs. The correlation between miRNAs and three ICIs was analyzed. Results: Fifty-four differentially expressed miRNAs were screened, and 20 of them were identified as TMB-related miRNAs. The sensitivity, specificity, AUC in the miRNAs prediction model were relatively high. Functional enrichment results revealed that TMB-related miRNAs were mainly involved in biological process associated with immune response and signaling pathways related with cancer. The miRNAs prediction model showed a median positive correlation with PD-L1 (r=0.36, P<0.01), a median negative correlation with PD-1 (r=-0.31, P<0.01) and no significant correlation with CTLA4 (r=0.14, P<0.01). Conclusions: This study presents a miRNAs prediction model which can stratify gastric cancer patients with different TMB levels.

Role of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic keratopathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

In recent years, with the increasing incidence of diabetes, diabetic keratopathy has gradually attracted more attention from clinicians.Diabetic keratopathy is mainly manifested as delayed corneal epithelial healing, corneal edema, decreased corneal sensitivity, and neurotrophic corneal ulcer.There are many mechanisms of diabetic keratopathy, including the abnormal accumulation of metabolites, an inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, the lack of neurotrophic factors, corneal limbal stem cell abnormalities, etc.At present, most of the research on diabetic keratopathy at home and abroad has mainly focused on epithelial damage repair and changes in nerve function, and the pathological mechanism is mainly inflammatory response and apoptosis.Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) is an important transcription regulatory factor, and is involved in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, apoptosis-related genes, growth factors, and other target genes.Studies have reported that chronic inflammation and epithelial cell apoptosis of the diabetic corneal epithelium are involved in the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is also involved in the regulation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic corneal neuropathy belongs to the category of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.The NF-κB signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic keratopathy, and this article summarizes its mechanism.

Biocatalytic strategies in producing ginsenoside by glycosidase-a review / 生物工程学报

Panax ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with significant pharmaceutical effects and wide application. Through orientational modification and transformation of ginsenoside glycosyl, rare ginsenosides with high antitumor activities can be generated. Traditional chemical methods cannot be applied in clinic. because of extremely complex preparation technologies and very high cost Transformations using microorganisms and their enzymatic systems provide the most feasible methods for solving the main problems. At present, the key problems in enzymatic synthesis of ginsenosides include low specific enzyme activities, identity of enzymes involved in the enzymatic synthesis, and their catalytic mechanisms, as well as nonsystematic studies on structural bioinformatics; specificity of enzymatic hydrolysis for saponin glycosyl has been rarely studied. Many reviews have been reported on glycosidase molecular recognition, immobilization, and biotransformation in ionic liquids (ILs), whereas ginsenoside transformation and application have not been systematically studied. To evaluate theoretical and applied studies on ginsenoside-oriented biotransformation, by reviewing the latest developments in related fields and evaluating the widely applied biocatalytic strategy, this review aims to evaluate the ginsenoside-oriented transformation method with improved product specificity, increased biocatalytic efficiency, and industrial application prospect based on the designed transformations of enzyme and solvent engineering of ILs. Therefore, useful theoretical and experimental evidence can be obtained for the development of ginsenoside anticancer drugs, large-scale preparation, and clinical applications in cancer therapy.

Reform and practice of biopharmaceutical experiment teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Biological pharmaceutics is not only the important basic course in medicine,biotechnology,but also the course of combination of theory and practice.Experiment plays an important role in the teaching system of biological pharmaceutics.According to the characteristics of biopharmaceutical and the demand for talent cultivation,we have made some adjustments from the basic process of genetic engineering drug preparation such as rearranging biopharmaceutical experimental classes to form a systemic experiment content,increasing the experiment lesson,innovatively making the students participant in the experiment preparation,and opening the laboratory and improve the method of experiment examination.It has been proved that this teaching reform can improve the teaching quality of experimental class,and has valuable demonstration significance and reference value to the quality education and experimental teaching reform.

Progress of Mycoplasma genitalium infection / 中华检验医学杂志

This paper highlights the current research and knowledge, and reviews the incidence, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis andantibiotic therapy.M.genitalium is one of the major causes of nongonococcal urethritis worldwide.Its pathogenesis is not fully clear,which may be associated with toxin, immune response and persistent infection.Diagnosis is achievable only through nucleic acid amplification testing(NAAT).Azithromycin, moxifloxacin and doxycycline have been the treatments of choice for M. genitalium infections.Rapid spread of macrolide resistance as well as emergence of quinolone resistance has occurred.Increasing rates of treatment failure have resulted in an urgent need for new therapies.(Chin J Lab Med,2018,41:328-332)

Correlation between the interauricular septum diseases and cryptogenic ischemic stroke on double source CT / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the association and difference between patent foramen ovale(PFO), atrial septal aneurysm(ASA), atrial septal defect(ASD) in normal controls and cryptogenic ischemic stroke(CS) in youth diagnosed by double source CT.Methods A total of 168 CS patients and 180 controls matched age and gender were included in the present study.The two groups were diagnosed by double source CT and clinical materials.The incident rate of PFO, ASA, ASD, the degrees of PFO, ASD,the lengths of PFO and difference between CS in two groups were analysed.Results The incident rates of PFO, ASA, ASD were 40.6%,10.7%,6.5% and 15.6%,3.3%,2.2% in CS groups and controls respectively(P0.001).Conclusion PFO,ASA and ASD are important to CS.While PFO,ASA and ASD can accurately be diagnosed by double source CT.

Analyze the Effect of the Bicyclol Tablets on Platelet Based on the Data of the Hospital Information System / 医药导报

Objective To study the real world of bicyclol tablets in the treatment of viral hepatitis and its influence on platelets.Methods The hospital information system (HIS) was selected from 18 Triple-A hospitals in China on patients with bicyclol tablets information as exposed group (2 690 cases),patients with unused bicyclol tablet (2 690 cases) as an exposed group,an exception occurs of platelet as an index of the ending.Results The incidence of abnormal platelet difference in two groups before the treatment were not statistically significant.The incidence of abnormal platelet reduce between two groups have statistical significance,can be thought of exposure of abnormal lower rate (11.75%)lower than that of non exposed group(15.17%) (P<0.01).Conclusion Bicyclol piece have signficantly curative effect on the treatment of viral hepatitis.It shows more safety,and less impact on platelets.It is worth to be used in clinical practice.

Affects of Apatinib in the Invasion Ability of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells / 医药导报

Objective To observe the effect of apatinib on the invasion ability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 and H460.Methods Different doses of apatinib were incubated with the A549 and H460 cells,then the effect of apatinib on the invasion of A549 cells was detected by Transwell assay,and the change of cell morphology was observed by optical microscope,and the expression of EMT related proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results The cell viability of A549 and H460 have no change when the concentration of apatinib was under 120 nmol·L-1.Therefore,60 nmol·L-1 and 120 nmol·L-1 apatinib were used in the further experiments.The invasion of A549 cells was reduced after apatinib incubation for 48 h,with cell morphology changes,and the expression of E-cadherin was enhanced,with the depresion of N-cadherin,Vimentin and Snail,which were related to the progress of EMT.Conclusion Apatinib could induce the MET,and reduce the invasion ability of A549 and H460 cells.

Production of gastric-mucosa protective collagen Ⅲ by Pichia pastoris / 生物工程学报

To improve collagen production by recombinant Pichia pastoris, we applied Placket-Burman and Box-Behnken design to optimize the fermentation medium. Through Placket-Burman design, three variables in the medium (concentration of yeast extract, peptone and glycerol) were selected for having significant effect on cell dry weight. Through Box-Behnken design regression coefficients analysis, a secondary degree polynomial equation was established, and the optimum levels of the three variables were yeast extract 1.13%, peptone 1.61% and glycerol 0.86%. During the growth period, an average cell dry weight of 4.41 g/L was obtained after 12 h fermentation, increased by 26%. Through high density fermentation, the production of recombinant human collagen (Ⅲ) was up to 4.71 g/L in 22 L fermentor. The recombinant human collagen (Ⅲ) exhibited good results to repair acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats.

Analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression profiles of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues and verify the significantly different expression miRNAs , further to study the effects on proliferation of EC109. Methods The microarray assay was performed to analyze miRNA expression profiles in three pairs of early esophageal squamous cancer and the corresponding normal esophageal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used in another 38 pairs samples to further verify the differentially expressed miRNAs . Three verified miRNAs ( miR-29a, miR-221 and miR-222) mimics were transfected into EC109 respectively and CCK8 method was used to study the effect of cell proliferation in each miRNA. Results Microarray technique selected 53 miRNAs that differentially expressed in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues , 32 miRNAs were up-regulated and 21 miRNAs were down-regulated. qRT-PCR verified that miR-29a was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) and miR-221, miR-222 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in early esophageal squamous cancer tissue. Over-expression of miR-29a could significantly inhibit the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05) whereas over-expression of miR-221 or miR-222 could both significantly promote the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference of miRNAs expression between early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues, and the differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as new biomarkers for early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cancer.

Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and severe pneumonia in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and severe bronchial pneumonia in children. Methods A total of 58 children with severe pneumonia complicated by a lack of vi-tamin D from January 2011 to December 2013 were enrolled in this study,the serum 25-( OH) D3 was detec-ted by the high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All the children were random-ly divided into two groups,the vitamin D treatment group( observation group) and without vitamin D treat-ment group(control group),control group received conventional treatment,and the observation group re-ceived vitamin D based on the same treatment with the control group. Results The serum 25-( OH) D3 of the observation group increased significantly( P<0. 01 ) . ( 2 ) The symptoms such as cough, asthma, fever and pulmonary rales in the observation group disappeared more quickly than that of the control group,and the av-erage cure days of heart failure,respiratory failure and encephalopathy as well as the average length of stay in the observation group were less than those of control group,and there were significant differences between two groups(P<0. 01). (3) The total efficiency of the observation group and control group was 96. 42% and 73. 33% respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups(χ2 =6. 693,P<0. 01). (4) Blood oxygen pressure and oxygen saturation of the observer group were significantly improved,CO2 partial pressure decreased obviously, the differences were statistically significant between two groups ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion During the treatment periods in children with severe pneumonia,vitamin D supplements could relieve symptoms promptly,shorten the duration,improve the 25-( OH) D3 levels,and vitamin D deficiency may also be the underlying cause of severe pneumonia in children.

The definition and natural history of severe exacerbation of hepatitis B / 临床肝胆病杂志

Despite different opinions on its definition and classification in the past,a consensus has gradually been reached regarding the na-ming,classification,and clinical diagnosis of liver failure.The classification of liver failure is described,and the definition and natural his-tory of severe exacerbation of hepatitis B are summarized.Antiviral treatment and artificial liver support in the early stage are beneficial for clinical outcomes and prognosis.

Comparison of the efficacy between cyclophotocoagulation and trabeculectomy for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma with persistent ocular hypertension / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TDCP) was used to later stage of glaucoma in the past.However,the indications of TDCP are expanding gradually over time and there are more and more reports about its application in different stages and different types of glaucoma.Objective This study was to compare the clinical efficacy of TDCP and trabeculectomy for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma (PAACG) with persistent ocular hypertension.Methods Ninety-five PAACG patients with persistent ocular hypertension were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into TDGP group (62 eyes of 56 cases) and trabeculectomy group (44 eyes of 39 cases) based on the difference of treating fashions.The clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups with the evaluating indexes of visual acuity,intraocular pressure (IOP) before and 1 week,3 months and the end of following-up as well as the number of drug used and the re-treatment.Results The demography was matched between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).The number of eyes with visual improvement was significantly different among the groups (x2 =30.927,P =0.002) in the TDCP group.Compared with before treatment,the number of visual improvement in 1 week after treatment was significantly raised (x2 =16.778,P =0.002).No significant differences were seen in the eye number of visual improvement in various timepoints after treatment (all at P＞0.008).Also,the eye number of visual improvement was significantly different among the different timepoints (x2 =44.345,P＜0.001),and statistically significant change was found between the preoperation and postoperative 1 week (x2 =23.725,P＜0.001).However,there were no significant differences in the eye number of visual improvement in various timepoints after operation each other (all at P＞0.008).The IOP was insignificantly altered among the groups at various timepoints (Fgroup =3.836,P =0.053),but the change was significantly different over time (Ftime =757.078,P＜0.001).The postoperative IOP was significantly higher than that of preoperation in both groups (all at P＜0.001).The proportion of eyes using lowering-IOP drugs was 48.4％ in the TDCP group,and that in the trabeculectomy group was 27.3％,showing a significant difference between them (x2 =4.796,P =0.029).The retherapy was performed in 20 eyes (32.3％) and 2 eyes (4.5％) in the TDCP group and the trabeculectomy group,respectively.Conclusions The short-term lowing-IOP effecacy of TDCP is similar to trabeculectomy,but the longterm lowing-IOP efficacy of TDCP is not good.Compared with the trabeculectomy,TDCP shows more simple operation,less time-consuming during the surgery and milder tissue damage,but the eyes continuing to use anti-glaucomatous drugs or re-therapy are increased.

Semen quality of 16 835 infertile men in China / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the fertility of infertile males of large samples by the routine semen examination, and to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment of male infertility and improve efficacy.@*METHODS@#We collected 16 835 semen specimens of infertile man in our hospital (the infertility group), and 1 567 semen specimens of sperm donating candidates from the sperm bank of our hospital (the control group). Semen routine examination was performed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) technology, and the data of semen routine examination were analyzed statistically.@*RESULTS@#The infertile patients with semen abnormalities in our hospital mainly suffered asthenospermia. The proportion of azoospermia, asthenospermia and oligoasthenospermia in the infertility group was higher than that in the control group, while the proportion of oligozoospermia was lower than that in the control group (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Azoospermia, asthenospermia and oligoasthenospermia are related to infertility, but simply oligozoospermia is not necessarily related to infertility.

Epileptic foci lateralization from interictal scalp EEG by applying causal analysis / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To lateralize epileptic foci in interictal electroencephalography (EEG) signal by using causal analysis method.Methods On the basis of frequency domain causal analysis,the adapted directed transfer function (ADTF),power spectrum weighted ADTF(psADTF) method was proposed by applying the power spectrum information in defined frequency band with normalized ADTF,to fit the frequency information features of different epileptic wave.EEG signals of two groups of 30 epilepsy patients were analyzed by psADTF.Group Ⅰ included 15 presurgical patients and 104 epilepsy spikes were picked from EEG signals.Group Ⅱ included 15 outpatient patients and 98 epilepsy spikes were picked from EEG signals.Results 96 of 104 spikes of group Ⅰ were lateralized properly by psADTF according to surgery sites,and the accuracy rate was 92％.94 of 98 spikes of group Ⅱ were lateralized properly by psADTF according to three technicians' judgments,with the accuracy rate of 96％.Conclusion Our results proves that the psADTF method over interictal EEG spikes can be a great help to clinical epileptic foci lateralization.

Granger causality analysis methods on brain functional signals / 国际生物医学工程杂志

How does brain select and adjust the distributed neural activities to achieve its function? To address this problem,researchers introduce Granger causality analysis method to brain functional study,which deals with the estimation of causal influences among multi-variables.First,basic principles of Granger Causality and its improved algorithm structural vector autoregression (SVAR) are introduced.Then several technical problems are reviewed which should be noted when analyzing brain functional signals by Granger Causality Methods.In the end,the application foreground of Granger Causality in epilepsy localization is introduced by taking idiopathic generalized epilepsy as the example.