Research progress of slow-release chemotherapy system for osteosarcoma / 肿瘤

The improvement of survival of osteosarcoma patients by the standard treatment strategy of osteosarcoma(neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgical treatment+adjuvant chemotherapy)has been stabilized in the past 20 years,and the emergence of the slow(controlled)-release drug delivery system has provided a new strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.At present,thanks to the development of nanotechnology,great progress had been made to the technology of slow-release chemotherapy for osteosarcoma in China,but the clinical translation of the slow-release chemotherapy system has become the key to constrain its development.Based on this,this review summarizes the preclinical research progress of the main chemotherapeutic agents for osteosarcoma,including methotrexate,doxorubicin,cisplatin,and isocyclophosphamide,in the recent years,with the expectation of clarifying the safety and efficacy of the slow-release chemotherapy system for osteosarcoma,and facilitating the clinical translation of the slow-release chemotherapy system for osteosarcoma.

A case report of anti-NMDAR encephalitis complicated with acute peripheral nerve damage / 中国综合临床

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in combination with acute peripheral nerve damage is rare. A young female patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis was admitted to Qianfoshan Hospital in Shandong Province on October 23, 2022. The main manifestations were abnormal mental behavior, consciousness disorders, and flaccid paralysis. Electromyography indicated axonal damage to the upper and lower extremities. Patient was in critical condition and admitted to the ICU with tracheal intubation for central hypoventilation. A combination of critical polyneuropathy was considered. The prognosis was good after hormone shock, immunosuppressive therapy, surgical therapy, anti-infection, respiratory support and symptomatic support. The diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with acute peripheral nerve damage is difficult. Immune factors need to be considered and paraneoplastic syndrome should be differentially diagnosed.

Role of Nrf2/GPX4 mediated ferroptosis in intestinal injury in sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether ferroptosis exists in sepsis induced intestinal injury, and to verify the association between ferroptosis in sepsis induced intestinal injury and intestinal inflammation and barrier function by stimulating and inhibiting the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/glutathione peroxidase 4 (Nrf2/GPX4) pathway.@*METHODS@#Forty-eight SPF grade male Sprague-Darvley (SD) rats with a body weight of 220-250 g were divided into sham operation group (Sham group), sepsis group (CLP group), sepsis+iron chelating agent deferoxamine (DFO) group (CLP+DFO group) and sepsis+ferroptosis inducer Erastin group (CLP+Erastin group) using a random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. The sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The Sham group was only performed with abdominal opening and closing operations. After modeling, the CLP+DFO group received subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg of DFO, the CLP+Erastin group was intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg of Erastin. Each group received subcutaneous injection of 50 mg/kg physiological saline for fluid resuscitation after surgery, and the survival status of the rats was observed 24 hours after surgery. At 24 hours after model establishment, 6 rats in each group were selected. First, live small intestine tissue was taken for observation of mitochondrial morphology in smooth muscle cells under transmission electron microscopy and determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and euthanized. The remaining 6 rats were sacrificed after completing blood collection from the abdominal aorta, and then small intestine tissue was taken. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of intestinal injury markers such as Claudin-1 and ferroptosis related proteins GPX4 and Nrf2. Observe the pathological changes of small intestine tissue using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and complete Chiu score; Detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6) levels in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of serum iron ions (Fe3+), malondialdehyde (MDA), and D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) were measured.@*RESULTS@#(1) Compared with the Sham group, the 24-hour survival rate of rats in the CLP group and CLP+Erastin group significantly decreased (66.7%, 50.0% vs. 100%, both P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the CLP+DFO group (83.3% vs. 100%, P = 0.25). (2) Western blotting results showed that compared with the Sham group, the expressions of GPX4 and Claudin-1 in the small intestine tissue of the CLP group, CLP+DFO group, and CLP+Erastin group decreased significantly, while the expression of Nrf2 increased significantly (GPX4/β-actin: 0.56±0.02, 1.03±0.01, 0.32±0.01 vs. 1.57±0.01, Claudin-1/β-actin: 0.60±0.04, 0.96±0.07, 0.41±0.01 vs. 1.40±0.01, Nrf2/β-actin: 0.88±0.02, 0.72±0.01, 1.14±0.01 vs. 0.43±0.02, all P < 0.05). Compared with the CLP group, the expressions of GPX4 and Claudin-1 were significantly increased in the CLP+DFO group, while the expression of Nrf2 was significantly reduced. In the CLP+Erastin group, the expressions of GPX4 and Claudin-1 further decreased, while the expression of Nrf2 further increased (all P < 0.05). (3) Under the light microscope, compared with the Sham group, the CLP group, CLP+DFO group, and CLP+Erastin group showed structural disorder in the small intestinal mucosa and submucosal tissue, significant infiltration of inflammatory cells, and destruction of glandular and villous structures. The Chui score was significantly higher (3.25±0.46, 2.00±0.82, 4.50±0.55 vs. 1.25±0.45, all P < 0.05). (4) Under transmission electron microscopy, compared with the Sham group, the mitochondria in the other three groups of small intestinal smooth muscle cells showed varying degrees of volume reduction, increased membrane density, and reduced or disappeared cristae. The CLP+Erastin group showed the most significant changes, while the CLP+DFO group showed only slight changes in mitochondrial morphology. (5) Compared to the Sham group, the CLP group, CLP+DFO group, and CLP+Erastin group had serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, D-LDH, and ROS in small intestine tissue were significantly increased, while the serum Fe3+ content was significantly reduced [TNF-α (ng/L): 21.49±1.41, 17.24±1.00, 28.66±2.72 vs. 14.17±1.24; IL-1β (ng/L): 108.40±3.09, 43.19±8.75, 145.70±11.00 vs. 24.50±5.55; IL-6 (ng/L): 112.50±9.76, 45.90±6.52, 151.80±9.38 vs. 12.89±6.11; MDA (μmol/L): 5.61±0.49, 3.89±0.28, 8.56±1.17 vs. 1.86±0.41; D-LDH (kU/L): 39.39±3.22, 25.38±2.34, 53.29±10.53 vs. 10.79±0.52; ROS (fluorescence intensity): 90 712±6 436, 73 278±4 775, 110 913±9 287 vs. 54 318±2 226; Fe3+ (μmol/L): 22.19±1.34, 34.05±1.94, 12.99±1.08 vs. 51.74±11.07; all P < 0.05]. Compared with CLP group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, D-LDH and ROS in CLP+Erastin group were further increased, and the content of Fe3+ was further decreased, the CLP+DFO group was the opposite (all P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Ferroptosis exists in the intestinal injury of septic rats, and stimulating or inhibiting ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway can effectively intervene in the inflammatory state and intestinal mechanical barrier of the body.

Research progress of ferroptosis related pathways in sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

Sepsis is a disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, which is characterized by host response disorder, organ dysfunction and high mortality. In early stage, it is mainly inflammatory reaction, howeverin late stage, it is mainly immunosuppression. It is a little pale to explain the poorprognosis caused by sepsis only by severe infection and immunosuppression. From the perspective of the absolute mortality of sepsis over the world, the battle against sepsis has not won a comprehensive victory. It has been 10 years since "ferroptosis" was formally proposed by Dixionet al. in 2012. The research areahas never decreased from the initial tumor related diseases to nervous system diseases and cardiovascular system diseases, and has made some progress. At present, in the context of sepsis, it is found that ferroptosis plays an increasingly important role in organ dysfunction, and also has an important impact on the treatment and prognosis of the disease. This article summarizes the related pathways and interventions of several major ferroptosis at present, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis, seek new treatment targets, optimize diagnosis and treatment strategies, and improve survival rate, quality of life and clinical prognosis.

The predictive value of red blood cell distribution width in predicting the prognosis of patients with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the predictive value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) in predicting the prognosis of patients with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO).Methods:The clinical data of patients undergoing ECMO admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the survival group and death group according to the prognosis during ICU hospitalization. The patients' basic data , acute physiology and chronic health score system Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), RDW and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at 72 hours after treatment with ECMO were compared between the two groups. Univariate and Logistic regression multivariate analyses were used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with ECMO, predictive models and death warning scores were established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of RDW and death warning scores for the prognosis of patients with ECMO.Results:A total of 71 patients with ECMO who met the inclusion criteria were included, including 38 patients in the death group and 33 patients in the survival group. The age, APACHE-Ⅱscore, 72 h RDW and 72 h APTT in the death group were higher than those in the survival group. Respectively, the hospitalization time of ICU in the death group was significantly lower than that in the survival group ( P< 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE-Ⅱscore ( OR=1.117, P=0.047)、72 h RDW( OR=1.102, P=0.029) and 72 h APTT ( OR=1.049, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for death in patients with ECMO. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the APACHE-Ⅱ, score 、72 h RDW and 72 h APTT were 0.691, 0.691 and 0.632( P<0.05), Respectively, the combined AUC was 0.764, the sensitivity was 0.526, and the specificity was 0.909. The death warning score of patients with ECMO was established according to the Predictive model , which is less than 2 points with low risk of death and more than 2 points with high risk of death. The area under the ROC curve of death warning score is 0.8, the sensitivity is 0.607 and the specificity is 0.923. Conclusions:The RDW at 72 hours after treatment with ECMO has a good value in predicting the prognosis of patients with ECMO. Besides, a greater predictive value for the prognosis of patients with ECMO by combining 72 hours RDW, 72 hours APTT with APACHE-Ⅱscore than that of any separate indicator.

Analysis on the imported Coronavirus Disease 2019 related cluster epidemic in rural areas of Chengdu / 中华预防医学杂志

An epidemiological investigation was carried out on a local cluster of outbreak caused by imported cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rural areas of Chengdu in December 2020, to find out the source of infection and the chain of transmission. According to

Analysis of the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for evaluating response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To analyze the performance of contrast-enhanced uhrasound(CEUS) in the evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer in different periods.Methods A prospective study consisting of 46 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who received NAC and surgery subsequently was conducted.One patient underwent CEUS before NAC,after the second cycle of NAC and before surgery.CEUS outcomes were compared with histopathologic response by Kappa test using the Miller-Payne Grading(MPG) system.The changes of CEUS quantitative parameters in different periods of NAC were compared.Results 31 patients showed a good response by histopathology while 29 patients by CEUS,which showed good consistence.Kappa value was 0.713.The peak intensity (PI) of the lesions decreased significantly after the second cycle of NAC compared with that before NAC (P＜0.05).The peak intensity (PI),wash-in slope (WIS),and area under curve(AUC) of the lesions decreased significantly before surgery compared with those before NAC (P＜0.05).Conclusion CEUS shows good consistence with histopathologic outcomes.The peak intensity (PI) is a sensitive indicator of early changes after NAC.

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with Mowat-Wilson syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To explore the genetic basis for a fetus featuring increased nuchal thickness.@*Methods@#Routine G-banding karyotyping and single nucleotide polymrophism array were carried out to detect genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in the fetus.@*Results@#The fetus was found to harbor a heterozygous 3.8 Mb deletion in the 2q22.2-q22.3 region encompassing the ZEB2 gene, which is closely associated with Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS).@*Conclusion@#Haploinsufficiency of the ZEB2 gene may predispose to MWS. Lack of knowledge regarding to the ultrasonographic features of MWS may lead to misdiagnosis of the syndrome.

Application of chromosome microarray analysis in neonatal birth defects / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To explore the application of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in neonatal birth defects and further determine the frequency of chromosome imbalances in neonates with birth defects.@*Methods@#Retrospective analysis was performed in 121 neonates with specific features, such as distinctive facial features, congenital heart disease, congenital malformation, neonatal decreased responsive, hypotonia, seizures and others at the Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from May 2016 to November 2017.All the cases were analyzed by using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA).@*Results@#A total of 23 (19.0%) patients were identified with pathogenic CNVs, 3 patients (2.5%) with uncertain clinical significant CNVs.There were 5 patients (4.1%)with chromosome numerical abnormalities, 12 patients (9.9%)with microdeletion/microduplication syndrome, 6 patients (5.0%) with chromosome deletion or duplication.All groups whose incidence was sorted from high to low were facial characters(30.3%), congenital malformation(21.6%), neonatal decreased responsive(9.1%) and other indications(6.7%).@*Conclusions@#CMA is a valuable clinical diagnostic tool that allows precise identification of chromosome imbalances as the cause of birth defects in neonates.CMA can detect many more clinically relevant genomic abnormalities than conventional cytogenetic study and assist the clinician in diagnosis, early neonatal intervention, and genetic counseling.

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with Mowat-Wilson syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a fetus featuring increased nuchal thickness.@*METHODS@#Routine G-banding karyotyping and single nucleotide polymrophism array were carried out to detect genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in the fetus.@*RESULTS@#The fetus was found to harbor a heterozygous 3.8 Mb deletion in the 2q22.2-q22.3 region encompassing the ZEB2 gene, which is closely associated with Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS).@*CONCLUSION@#Haploinsufficiency of the ZEB2 gene may predispose to MWS. Lack of knowledge regarding to the ultrasonographic features of MWS may lead to misdiagnosis of the syndrome.

effect analysis of CYP2D6 gene polymorphism in the toremifene and tamoxifen treatment in patient with breast cancer

The purpose of the present research work was to study the CYP2D6 gene polymorphism survival outcome after breast cancer patient received the toremifene and tamoxifen treatment. Seventy-eight patients who received radical mastectomy and toremifene and tamoxifen treatment after operation were divided into three groups: CYP2D6*1/*1 group [13 cases], CYP2D6*1/*10 group [28cases] and CYP2D6*10/*10 group [35 cases], according to the gene polymorphism of blood serum CYP2D6. The results of treatment of three groups were compared. After operation the content of blood serum CA125, CA153, VEGF, IGF-1 were all lower than before. The content of CYP2D6*10/*10 group was higher than those of CYP2D6*1/*1 group and CYP2D6*1/*10 group. The content of CYP2D6*1/*1 group had no difference with that of CYP2D6*1/*10 group. All patients were followed up for a median duration of 30.5 months. Progression-free survival [PFS] of CYP2D6*10/*10 was shortened. The recurrence rate increased and the survival rate reduced. There were no obvious differences between CYP2D6*1/*1group and CYP2D6*1/*10 group. In summary, CYP2D6 gene polymorphism relates with the effect of toremifene and tamoxifen treatment in patient with ER positive breast cancer and null allele homozygote CYP2D6*10/*10 can lead to a poor prognosis

Comparison of the effect of different contrast to the heart rate during coronary dual-source CT angiography / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of iodixanol-320 and iopromide-370 on the heart rate of patients in coronary dual-source CT angiography (CTA).Methods The data of 389 patients underwent coronary CTA examinations were retrospectively collected and received contrast media (CM) with either iodixanol-320 (group A) or iopromide-370 (group B), randomly.The heart rate before CM injection (predose HR), during injection (postdose HR) were both recorded.As for the preclinical protocol, patients with heart rate less than 75 beats per minute were pretreated with nitrates (n=278),0.25 mg.Mean heart rate changes from pre to postdose HR were assessed.Results The patients whose mean heart rate changes from pre to postdose were larger than 10 beats per minute was 8(4.4%) for group A and 10(4.8%) for group B.No statistically differences were observed between them(P>0.05).With only intravenous injections of two contrast agents, the patients' heart rates decreased in both groups (4.2 vs 2.7 beats per minute,P>0.05), while the effect could be reduced by nitrates.Conclusion There is no difference in the heart rate between the 2 agents after intravenous injection of either iodixanol-320 or iopromide-370 in coronary CTA with approximately 4% patients whose mean heart rate changes from preto postdose were larger than 10 beats per minute in each group.

Correlation between spatial memory and sleep architecture and hippocampal volumes in patients with chronic insomnia disorder / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between spatial memory and sleep architecture and hippocampal volumes in patients with chronic insomnia disorder.Methods Twenty-two chronic insomnia patients and 17 normal sleepers (controls) were selected to evaluate the subjective insomnia using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the objective insomnia by polysomnography (PSG).The cognitive function was measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Spatial memory and object-memory were measured by Nine-box Maze, and object-recognition memory was detected by picture recognition test.MRI was used to detect hippocampus volumes.Results Compared with controls, a significant reduction in total sleep time (328.3 (310.4, 387.9) min vs 418.0 (375.8, 45.5) min, Z=2.607, P=0.009), sleep efficiency (%) (77.7 (73.1, 84.0) vs 93.0 (87.2, 93.9), Z=3.739,P=0.000), proportion of N3 (%) (5.5 (0.4, 14.4) vs 13.7 (7.7, 18.3), Z=2.664, P=0.008) and proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) (%) (14.4 (10.7, 17.2) vs 17.3 (15.9, 23.3), Z=2.890, P=0.004) was seen in insomnia patients, whereas sleep latency was delayed.The error numbers of spatial working-memory (4.5 (2.0, 7.3) vs 1.0 (0.0, 3.0), Z=3.007, P=0.003) in chronic insomnia patients were more than those in controls.There was no statistically significant difference in object reference memory, spatial reference memory and object recognition in two groups.A significant reduction of the left (2 818.0 (2 534.9, 3 191.8) mm3 vs 3 453.3 (3 081.2, 3 764.4) mm3, Z=3.314, P=0.001), right (2 780.5 (2 451.2, 3 191.8) mm3 vs 3 479.8 (3 024.1, 3 786.7) mm3, Z=3.484,P=0.000) and whole hippocampal volumes (5 561.7 (4 956.6, 6 396.9) mm3 vs 6 898.9 (6 017.1, 7 540.1) mm3, Z=3.455, P=0.001) was seen in chronic insomnia patients compared with controls.The hippocampal volumes were negatively correlated with sleep latency (r=-0.432, P=0.006), but positively correlated with sleep efficiency, proportion of N3 (r=0.323, 0.376;P=0.045, 0.018).There was a negative correlation between the error numbers of spatial working-memory and hippocampal volumes (r=-0.351, P=0.029).The hippocampal volumes were negatively correlated with the duration of disease in chronic insomnia patients (r=-0.734, P<0.01).Conclusion The spatial memory may be associated with decreased proportion of REM and reduced hippocampal volumes in chronic insomnia patients.

"Nutrition treatment scheme for a patient exposed to Nanjing ""5.7"" 192Ir source accident" / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To provide nutritional supportive scheme for patients with radiation injury through the treatment of the one exposed to Nanjing 192Ir source accident.Methods The reasonable nutrition treatment scheme was made on the basis of dietary survey and nutritional index monitoring during clinical stages of the patient,including body weight,body mass index(BMI),biochemical indexes,electrolyte,etc.,as well as metabolic cart determination of resting energy expenditure (REE).Results Patient on admission (days 5 post-irradiated) weighing 42.5 kg,172 days after the first irradiated (the first skin grafting) fell to a minimum of 36 kg,then gradually rise,hen rose back to normal range on days 383 before discharge.Normal admission hemoglobin was 135 g/L,172 d after irradiated to a minimum of 54 g/L,normal discharge;when lymphocytes admission low as 0.5 × 109/L,58 days back to normal after exposure,172 days after irradiated down to 0.4 × 109/L.Serum albumin was normal admission 41.2 g/L,172 days after irradiated down to 25.3 g/L.The normal level of serum prealbumin was 0.22 g/L,248 days to a minimum of 0.04 g/L,the basic return to normal at discharge was 0.17 g/L.Admission normal liver function,bilirubin index slightly higher,the all in one parenteral nutrition after about 2.5 months later,bilirubin and liver function indicators were gradually increased,the adjusted treatment and nutrition liver and gallbladder and other gradually returned to normal after treatment.REE and the body weight were determined by metabolic cart on days 294,308 and 342 for the energy requirements.Conclusions For patient with radiation injury,appropriate nutrition therapy is a key method for the clinical treatment and rehabilitation,which can maintain the nutritional status of patients and improve clinical treatment.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on bacterial flora in the lower esophagus of mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and lower esophageal diseases in light of the changes of the bacterial flora in the lower esophagus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty BALB/C mice were randomized into negative control group and H. pylori infection group, and in the latter group, the mice were subjected to intragastric administration of solution containing H. pylori. After 4 weeks of administration, all the mice were sacrificed, and the V6 areas in 16S rDNA were amplified from the bacterial DNA extracted from the lower esophagus using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The bacterial floras were analyzed on DGGE atlas with Quantity-One 1-D analysis software, and the differential bands between the two groups were amplified using a 16S rDNA v6 area primer followed by DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DGGE finger-prints showed a significantly greater number of DNA bands in the infection group than in the negative control group (P<0.01). The diversity index and richness index were also significantly higher in the infection group (0.01<P<0.05). Bacterium cluster class analysis well separated the dendrogram in the infection group. Principal component analysis showed that different groups of bacteria gathered in different locations, and BLAST analysis revealed the presence of special bacteria in the infection group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In normal mice, Lactobacillus and the Bacteroides are the predominant bacterial flora colonizing in the lower esophagus, and Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Bacteridium become the predominant bacteria after H. pylori infection.</p>

Production of anti-recombinant human arrest defective 1 protein (hARD1) monoclonal antibodies for assaying human breast cancer tissues / 生物工程学报

Human arrest defective 1(hARD1) is an acetyltransferase catalyzing the N-terminal acetylation of proteins after translation. The high expression of hARD1 could be an indicator of the breast cancer. In current study, we produced an anti-hARD lp monoclonal antibody that could specifically recognize ARD1 in breast cancer tissues by using the immunohistochemical assay. The full-length His-tag hARD1 protein (1-235 aa) was over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified recombinant protein was injected into Balb/c mice to perform immunization procedure. Eight stable positive monoclonal cell lines were isolated. ELISA results demonstrated that all light chains of antibodies were kappa, and the heavy chains displayed three subtypes IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b, respectively. A monoclonal antibody, which could specifically recognize hARD1 protein in breast cancer tissues, was identified by screening different cancer tissues using antibody-specificity method. Further, the specificity of the antibody was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Our study would facilitate breast cancer diagnosis by using this ARD1 monoclonal antibody in clinic. Also, this antibody could be used as an important tool for further investigating the role of ARD1 in tumorigenesis.

Recent advances in the study of accelerated blood clearance phenomenon of PEGylated liposomes / 药学学报

It is generally believed that liposomes modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) have no or lower immunogenicity. However, based on many recent literatures, when the PEGylated liposomes were repeatedly applied to the same animal, the immune responses occurred. The first injection of PEGylated liposomes resulted in a reduction in the circulation time and an increase in hepatic and splenic accumulation of the second dose of PEGylated liposomes in a time-interval, which was called "accelerated blood clearance (ABC)" phenomenon. Such immunogenicity of PEGylated liposomes presents a barrier in the research of liposomal formulations and their use in the clinics. This review focused on the definition, the method of verification, the development of the reason for ABC phenomenon, influencing factors of ABC phenomenon, and discussed if other PEGylated nanocarriers also induce ABC phenomenon.

Association of body mass index, age and sex with blood pressure in residents from Bejing area / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI),sex and age with blood pressure in non-physical labor population from Beijing area.Methods 14 237 subjects (67.06% male) ranged from 18.0-93.0 years (mean (SD):49.8(10.2)) wero recruited in the health examination in Beijing hospital. Statistical analysis wag performed using SPSS 12.0 software.Results The average BMI wag 22.30 ks/m~2 (SD: 3.08).Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increaged with the increasing of BMI.The prevalence of hypertension in males <60.0 years wag considerably higher than that of female (24.28% and 13.77% for male and females, respectively, P=0.000).However,there were no significant statistical differences for the pmvalence between male and female older than 60.0 years (P=0.268).Multiple logistic regression showed that in males,using the group with BMI<18.0 kg/m~2 as reference group,in the groups of BMI 18.0-23.9,24.0-27.9,≥28.0 kg/m~2, OR wag 1.709 (95% CI:0.920-3.173),3.154(1.703-5.839),5.125 (95%CI:2.805-9.696),respeetively.In females.OR for hypertension in the groups of BMI 18.0-23.9,24.0-27.9,≥28.0 kg/m~2,OR was 1.988(95%CI:1.033-3.824),5.703(2.962-10.982),14.358(95%CI:7.334-28.106),respectively.Conclusions BMI is associated with hypertension.Prevention and eontrol of the risk factom of hypertension e.g.overweight and obesity is an important public health issue in China.

Application of Tissue-explant Technique in Culturing Rat Submandibular Gland Cells / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To explore the application of tissue-explant technique in culturing rat submandibular gland cell(RSGC)and the characteristics of RSGC.Methods RSGCs were cultured using tissue-explant technique.The cells were purified by enzymatic digestion and differential adhesion.The cell phenotype was identified by cytokeratin-8 immunohistochemical staining.Cellular morphology was observed and photographed under inverted microscope.The cell viability and growth were determined by a double-staining procedure using FDA-PI and MTT assay,respectively.Results Cytokeratin-8 was positive stained in the immunohistochemical staining.The cell viability was more than 95%.The cell growth curve showed that RSGCs were in logarithmic phase since day 5.Conclusion Tissue-explant technique is an easy way to purify plentiful RSGC with normal functions,and it can be used in further research of tissue engineering of submandibular gland.

Program optimization for bovine somatic cells nuclear transfer / 生物工程学报

To optimize program of bovine somatic nuclear transfer, we used two different enucleation procedures (by Spindle-view system & Hoechst 33342 staining), two different procedures to introduce donor nuclei (by ooplasm microinjection & electrofusion), and three different group electrofusion parameters (group 1: 1.9 kV/cm, 10 micros, two; group 2: 1.5 kV/cm, 25 micros, two; group 3: 0.6 kV/cm, 100 micros, one) to reconstruct bovine cloned embryos. The cleavation rates and blastocyst development rates of cloned embryos were used to assess the efficiency of different operational procedure. Finally, the best combination of operational procedure, that the spindle-viewer system was used for oocytes enucleating, and donor cell was electrofused into ooplasm by electrical pulse (1.9 kV/cm, 10 micros, two) to reconstruct bovine cloned embryos. Then the excellent blastocysts were transferred to fosters for producing cloned cattle 80 high-quality cloned blastocysts were transferred into 33 fosters, two cloned calves were produced. According to the results, the optimized program could be used to produce cloned cattle.