Design and biomechanical study of a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate for fixing greater and lesser tuberosities in complex proximal humeral fractures, and evaluate its fixing stability by biomechanical tests. Methods Twelve fresh-frozen humerus specimens with intact rotator cuff were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) to establish the same greater and lesser tuberosities fracture models. Specimens in Group A were fixed with the double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate, while specimens in Group B were fixed with the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) and tension band suture, and a 3.5-mm cannulated screw was added to stabilize the lesser tuberosity. The tensile test on subscapularis, infraspinatus and teres, supraspinatus as well as the load-to-failure test on greater and lesser tuberosities were performed on specimens in two groups. Results For subscapularis tensile tests, displacements under 150 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test in Group A were both significantly smaller than those in Group B (P0.05). For supraspinatus tensile tests, there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in displacements under 90 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test (P>0.05). For load-to-failure tests on lesser tuberosity, the failure load in Group A was significantly greater than that in Group B (P0.05). Conclusions Compared with the ordinary tension band suture plus cannulated screw for fixing lesser tuberosity, the novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate shows more obvious biomechanical stability, with the advantage of simultaneously fixing greater and lesser tuberosities. The research findings provide a new choice for the clinical treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures.

Analysis on population health in Minhang District of Shanghai within circumstance of universal health / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To evaluate the population health for disease prevention and control in Shanghai Minhang District of Shanghai the data of mortality from 1993 to 2015 and communicable diseases from 2002 to 2015.Methods We adopted descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the trends of average life expectancy (ALE),specific death rate and causes of death cis-position from 1993 to 2015,and the incident rates of communicable diseases,incidence trends in Minhang District from 2002 to 2015.Results Overall,the ALE of population in Minhang District increased 11.80 years from 1993 to 2015 (from 71.78 years in 1993 to 83.58 years in 2015),including the ALE of male population increased 14.03 years (from 67.43 years in 1993 to 81.37 years in 2015) and the ALE of female population elevated 9.67 years (from 76.22 years in 1993 to 85.89 years in 2015).In 2015,Crude death rate (CDR) was 755.35/105,which was 21.45％ higher than in 1993 and 2.71％ higher than in 2014,respectively.In the same year,standardized mortality rate (SMR) was 196.07/105,which was 54.17％ lower than in 1993 and 0.51％ lower than in 2014.The top five leading causes of death were circulatory system diseases,tumors,respiratory diseases,endocrine and metabolic diseases,and injury and poisoning,which contributed 91.33％ of the population death.From 2002 to 2015,a total of 23 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Minhang District,including 62 845 cumulative cases and 152 cases died.The total reported incidence rate of communicable diseases sharply elevated by 291.98％ during 14 years (Z=10 943.83,P＜0.001),and it increased after standardized.The top five communicable diseases were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD),scarlet fever,syphilis,tuberculosis and hepatitis B in 2015.Conclusions Over the years,Minhang District of Shanghai comprehensive implemented "health in all policies" by integrating the resources of all levels of regional healthcare institutions.The ALE of the residents was at a high level.The control and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and major communicable diseases will continue to be the priority of public health.

Analysis on population health in Minhang District of Shanghai within circumstance of universal health / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To evaluate the population health for disease prevention and control in Shanghai Minhang District of Shanghai the data of mortality from 1993 to 2015 and communicable diseases from 2002 to 2015.Methods We adopted descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the trends of average life expectancy (ALE),specific death rate and causes of death cis-position from 1993 to 2015,and the incident rates of communicable diseases,incidence trends in Minhang District from 2002 to 2015.Results Overall,the ALE of population in Minhang District increased 11.80 years from 1993 to 2015 (from 71.78 years in 1993 to 83.58 years in 2015),including the ALE of male population increased 14.03 years (from 67.43 years in 1993 to 81.37 years in 2015) and the ALE of female population elevated 9.67 years (from 76.22 years in 1993 to 85.89 years in 2015).In 2015,Crude death rate (CDR) was 755.35/105,which was 21.45％ higher than in 1993 and 2.71％ higher than in 2014,respectively.In the same year,standardized mortality rate (SMR) was 196.07/105,which was 54.17％ lower than in 1993 and 0.51％ lower than in 2014.The top five leading causes of death were circulatory system diseases,tumors,respiratory diseases,endocrine and metabolic diseases,and injury and poisoning,which contributed 91.33％ of the population death.From 2002 to 2015,a total of 23 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Minhang District,including 62 845 cumulative cases and 152 cases died.The total reported incidence rate of communicable diseases sharply elevated by 291.98％ during 14 years (Z=10 943.83,P＜0.001),and it increased after standardized.The top five communicable diseases were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD),scarlet fever,syphilis,tuberculosis and hepatitis B in 2015.Conclusions Over the years,Minhang District of Shanghai comprehensive implemented "health in all policies" by integrating the resources of all levels of regional healthcare institutions.The ALE of the residents was at a high level.The control and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and major communicable diseases will continue to be the priority of public health.

Causes of orchiectomy: An analysis of 291 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the causes of orchiectomy in different age groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data about 291 cases of orchiectomy performed between March 1993 and October 2014 and analyzed the causes of surgery and their distribution in different age groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The main causes of orchiectomy were testicular torsion (45.8%), cryptorchidism (32.5%) and testicular tumor (16.9%) in the patients aged 0-25 years, testicular tumor (42.4%), cryptorchidism (25.9%) and tuberculosis (10.6%) in those aged 26-50 years. Prostate cancer was the leading cause in those aged 51-75 years (77.6%) or older (84.0%)), and testicular tumor was another cause in the 51-75 years old men (10.2%). Prostate cancer, testicular tumor, cryptorchidism, and testicular torsion were the first four causes of orchiectomy between 1993 and 2009. From 2010 to 2014, however, testicular tumor rose to the top while prostate cancer dropped to the fourth place.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The causes of orchiectomy vary in different age groups. The proportion of castration for prostate cancer patients significantly reduced in the past five years, which might be attributed to the improvement of comprehensive health care service.</p>

Diagnostic value of magnetocardiography in patients with coronary heart disease and in-stent restenosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In-stent restenosis (ISR) has become one of the most challenging problems in patients with coronary heart disease. At present, using non-invasive methods to assess ISR is a hot topic. In this investigation we attempted to explore the potential of magnetocardiography (MCG) in diagnosis of in-stent restenosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MCG was analyzed in 52 patients with coronary artery disease for three times: before stenting, one month and 7 months after successful intracoronary stenting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average classification of total maps (ACTM) and the ratio of abnormal maps (RAM) were lower in 1 month after intracoronary stenting compared with that obtained before stent planting (2.91 vs 2.52, 65.74% vs 42.80%, P < 0.01), while complex ventricular excitation index (CVEI) increased from -42.63 to -20.05 (P < 0.01). In ISR subgroup (n = 16), RAM decreased in 1 month after intracoronary stenting compared to it before stenting (68.99% vs 45.26%, P < 0.05). ACTM increased in 7 months compared to that obtained in 1 month after stenting (3.15 vs 2.51, P < 0.05). According to the ROC curve, ACTM showed its unique diagnostic value in restenosis patients. The sensitivity and specificity of ACTM were 80.0%, 69.40%, respectively. Its positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 54.6% and 88.5%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After successful intracoronary stenting, most parameters of MCG were improved. ACTM was of prognostic value in diagnosing ISR.</p>

A survey of factors influencing prognosis and control rate for patients with hypertension in mainland China / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the risk factor stratification and prevalence of target organ damage in hypertensive patients before therapy and blood pressure control rate after 4 or 12 weeks antihypertensive drug therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this prospective survey, data on cardiovascular risk factors, target organ damage and concomitant disease were collected in 26 655 hypertensive patients. Among them 26 325 and 3457 patients were recruited for antihypertensive drug therapy for 4 and 12 weeks, respectively and blood pressure control rate was determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high body mass index, dyslipidemia were found in 52.5%, 34.4%, 31.8%, 24.5%, and microproteinuria, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease and diabetes in 21.0%, 23.6%, 20.1%, 26.7% hypertensive patients, respectively. The average systolic and diastolic pressures were 158 +/- 14 mm Hg and 94 +/- 11 mm Hg and 3.2%, 22.2%, 21.1% and 53.3% patients were defined as low, medium, high and very high risk patients in risk stratification to quantify prognosis. There were 77.2%, 20.4% and 2.4% systolic and diastolic, isolated systolic and isolated diastolic hypertensive patients respectively. The goal blood pressure control rate was 50.2% and 56.7% respectively after 4 and 12 weeks antihypertensive drug therapy. The control rate in patients complicated with diabetes and renal disease was significantly lower than patients without them and systolic pressure control rate was remarkably lower than diastolic pressure control rate. Majority patients required 2 or more antihypertensive drugs for effective pressure control (1.5 drug per patients in average in both 4 or 12 weeks groups).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of risk factors, target organ damage and concomitant disease were high in Chinese patients with hypertension and comprehensive interventions were indicated. To reach goal blood pressure control in patients with hypertension, follow up intensifying and drug therapy guidance are required within the context of usual medical care.</p>

Magnetocardiography changes in coronary artery disease patients with normal or unspecialized resting electrocardiogram / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the magnetocardiography (MCG) changes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with normal or unspecific changes in resting electrocardiogram (ECG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MCG mapping was performed by MCG-7 (MaGIC, Magiscan GmbH) installed in an unshielded room. All patients underwent ECG and coronary angiogram examinations and patients with normal or unspecified ECG changes and coronary artery narrowing > or = 70% in at least 1-vessel were defined as CAD group (n = 120). Patients with normal coronary angiogram served as control (n = 82). Four parameters: ACTM (average classification of total maps), RAM (ratio of abnormal maps), CVEI (complex ventricular excitation index) and R-max/T-max ratio, were analyzed in CAD and control groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RAM (62% vs. 35%) and ACTM (2.62 +/- 0.98 vs. 2.29 +/- 0.90, P < 0.05) were significantly higher in CAD group than in control group. CVEI was found in abnormal zone (-100 - 0) in CAD group while in normal zone (0 - 100) in control group. The ratio of Rmax/Tmax in CAD group was also significantly higher in CAD group than in control group (6.41 +/- 3.29 vs. 4.10 +/- 2.00, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis indicates that RAM, CVEI and Rmax/Tmax ratio were helpful parameters for CAD diagnosis and the diagnostic sensitivity was 67.1%, 65.9% and 64.3%; the specificity was 65.1%, 68.3% and 68.3% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MCG was a useful tool for diagnosing chronic myocardium ischemia in CAD patients with normal or unspecific changes resting ECG.</p>

Effects of antidepressant therapy in patients with suspected "angina pectoris" and negative coronary angiogram complicating comorbid depression / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We observed the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of different antidepressants as well as the correlation between symptomatic improvement of depression and improvement of chest pain in patients with susceptible "angina pectoris" and negative coronary angiogram complicating comorbid depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this double-blinded randomized study, a total of 123 eligible patients were allocated into three groups: (1) Group F: fluoxetine 20 mg QN (n = 41); (2) Group P: Placebo 1 tablet QN (n = 40); (3) Group F + O: fluoxetine 20 mg + olanzapine 2.5 mg QN for the former 2 weeks and only fluoxetine 20 mg QN for the latter 2 weeks (n = 42). The total therapy duration was 4 weeks. HAMD, HAMA and self-evaluation table of chest pain were obtained before therapy, at the end of 1 and 2 weeks after therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Baseline HAMD and HAMA scores and self-evaluation score of chest pain were similar among 3 groups and all scores were significantly improved post various therapies in the order of group F + O > group F > group P. The rate of score decrease were seen after 1 week treatment in group F + O and after 2 week treatment in group F. There was a significant positive correlation between the rates of self-evaluation chest pain score decrease and HAMD (r = 0.867, P < 0.001) and HAMA (r = 0.854, P < 0.001) score decreases after 4 weeks therapies (P < 0.05). During the whole course of treatment, no serious adverse reaction was found in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In patients with suspected "angina pectoris" and negative coronary angiogram complicating comorbid depression, the antidepressants were safe and significantly improved the symptoms of depression and anxiety and chest pain. Low dose fluoxetine plus short term olanzapine regimen was superior to fluoxetine alone regimen in terms of stronger and quicker symptom improvement.</p>

Expressions of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 at different stages of spontaneously hypertensive rats and their relationship with the left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the expression of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 at different stages of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their relationship with ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in the left ventricle. Methods　The expression of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA were measured with RT-PCR. Dynamic changes of the left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis were examined by biochemical assay and image analysis. Results　Increased expression of IGF-1 was observed from the 14 th to the 24 th week which coincided with the progress of the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but not with that of myocardial fibrosis (MF). No significant change was observed in the expression of TGF-β1 in SHR group when compared with that of control. Conclusion　Increased expression of IGF-1 in the left ventricle of SHR is probably associated with the progress of LVH.

Expressions of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 at different stages of spontaneously hypertensive rats and their relationship with the left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the expression of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 at different stages of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their relationship with ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in the left ventricle. Methods　The expression of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA were measured with RT-PCR. Dynamic changes of the left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis were examined by biochemical assay and image analysis. Results　Increased expression of IGF-1 was observed from the 14 th to the 24 th week which coincided with the progress of the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but not with that of myocardial fibrosis (MF). No significant change was observed in the expression of TGF-β1 in SHR group when compared with that of control. Conclusion　Increased expression of IGF-1 in the left ventricle of SHR is probably associated with the progress of LVH.