Narrow band imaging versus iodine staining for margin determination of early esophageal cancer during endoscopic submucosal dissection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical value of narrow band imaging (NBI) and iodine staining for margin determination of early esophageal cancer during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 87 patients with early esophageal cancers undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were assigned to NBI group and iodine staining group according to the staining method before ESD operation. Clinicopathological features, esophageal spasm ratio, operation time, en bloc resection rate, complications, local recurrence, and distant metastases were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 37 patients in NBI group while 50 patients in iodine staining group. Location and size of the lesions between two groups were not significantly different. The ratio of moderate-severe esophageal spasm in NBI group was significantly lower as compared to iodine staining group [10.8%(4/37) vs. 32.0%(16/50), P<0.05]. The average operation time in NBI group was significantly shorter than that in iodine staining group [(42.2±19.5) min vs. (53.3±30.9) min, P<0.05). All the tumors were resected in an en bloc fashion and the R0 resection rate was 100%. Perforations in 2 patients and delayed bleeding in 1 patient were successfully treated by endoscopic methods. Esophageal strictures occurred in 3 patients of NBI group and 4 patients of iodine staining group, who were treated by endoscopic dilation and retrievable stents. During mean 13.2 months (range 4 to 20 months) follow-up periods, local recurrence occurred in 2 patients of NBI group and 2 patients of iodine staining group. These patients received ESD or other surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with iodine staining, using NBI for margin determination of early esophageal cancer during ESD is more convenient and fast because of distinctly lower degree of esophageal spasm.</p>

Selection and evaluation of endoscopic resection for submucosal tumors of the esophagogastric junction originating from muscularis propria / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical application and indication of endoscopic dissection technique for submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) originating from the muscularis propria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 143 SMTs of the EGJ were treated by endoscopic resection in the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University between March 2007 and June 2011. The clinical and histopathologic feature, surgical approach, en bloc resection rate, complications, and postoperative follow up were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 74 males and 69 females with a mean age of 49.1 years old. The en bloc resection rate was 94.4%(135/143). There were 126 patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal excavation in an en bloc fashion. Six patients underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection without laparoscopic assistance. Three patients underwent submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. The other 8 SMTs were partially resected for histological evaluation and the residual tumors were further treated with nylon snare ligation. The mean lesion size was 17.6 mm. The mean procedure time was 45.1 minutes and the mean intraoperative bleeding was 50.0 ml. Perforations occurred in 6 patients and metal clips were used to close the defect. One patient with Mallory-Weiss syndrome was successfully treated with conservative treatment. Pathological examination showed that the lesions were leiomyoma (n=121), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n=20), granulosa cell tumor (n=1), and intermuscular lipoma (n=1). No local recurrence and distant metastasis were noted during the follow-up (range, 3-48 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endoscopic resection technique is safe and effective, and should be selected for each patient individually.</p>

Clinical value of different magnifying chromoendoscopy methods in screening gastric precancerous lesions and early cancers / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prospectively evaluate the clinical value of different magnifying chromoendoscopy(MCE) methods in screening gastric precancerous lesions and early cancers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 2010 and October 2011, among all the patients aged over 40 who received esophagogastroduodenoscopy at Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, suspicious lesion was detected in 699 patients, who were randomly assigned to three groups: epinephrine dye(n=240), indigo carmine dye(n=246), and acetic acid-indigo carmine mixture dye(n=213). Diagnosis was made according to surface patterns and microvessels of the lesion. Pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard. The concordance between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis was evaluated through the agreement(Kappa) test. McNemar Paired chi-square test was used to compare the concordance of three MCE methods, regular white light, magnification alone, and NBI magnifier before and after MCE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathological examination showed inflammatory lesions in 415 patients, intestinal metaplasia in 190, low grade intra-epithelial neoplasia in 17, and high grade intra-epithelial neoplasia or early cancer in 77. The percentage of patients with consistent endoscopic and pathological diagnosis was 77.1%(185/240) for epinephrine dye, 80.5%(198/246) for indigo carmine dye, and 81.2%(173/213) for acetic acid-indigo carmine mixture dye. Kappa values were 0.579, 0.502, and 0.667 respectively(all P<0.01). For the screening of high grade intra-epithelial neoplasia or early cancer, the diagnostic sensitivities were 84.0%, 83.3%, and 92.9%, respectively, and the specificities were 98.6%, 97.3%, and 98.4%. All the three chromoendoscopy methods improved the diagnostic accuracy for precancerous lesions compared with conventional gastroscopic observation with white light(all P<0.01). Indigo carmine and acid-indigo carmine mixture dye improved the diagnostic accuracy of magnification alone(both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between each MCE method and magnifying NBI observation(all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NBI magnification and all the three MCE methods may improve the diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.</p>

Therapeutic value of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the esophagogastric junction / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) in the esophagogastric junction(EGJ).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty patients with pathologically confirmed GIST in the EGJ were screened from all the patients undergoing ESD between November 2007 and June 2011. The clinicopathological and postoperative follow up data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 11 males and 9 females with the age ranging from 29 to 67 years(mean, 54.1 years). The maximum diameter of the lesions ranged from 8 to 20 mm(mean,14.8 mm). Fifteen patients underwent endoscopic submucosal excavation, 4 patients underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection, and 1 patient underwent submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. The operative time ranged from 15 to 90 min(mean, 47.8 minutes). The estimated blood loss was 5 to 200 ml. The en bloc resection rate was 100%. Perforations occurred in 4 patients, pneumoperitoneum in 3 patients, cardia mucosal tear in 1 patient. All the complications were successfully managed with endoscopic intervention and conservative therapy. The post-operative follow up ranged from 3 to 36 months(mean, 13.2 months). No local recurrence or distant metastasis occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ESD is a safe and effective procedure for GIST in the EGJ.</p>

Long-term efficacy of endoscopic excision of rectal carcinoids / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic excision for rectal carcinoids.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 91 patients with rectal carcinoids treated by endoscopic excision from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average size of the primary tumor was 0.8 cm(range 0.3 to 2.3 cm). All the tumors were localized within the submucosal layer showing typical histology without lymphatic or vessel infiltration. Follow-up was available for 80 patients with mean 32.5 months (range 6 to 96 months). There was no recurrence in 65 patients with tumor size < 1.0 cm. Recurrence occurred in 3 cases among 25 patients with tumor size from 1.0 to 2.0 cm, and 1 died of hepatic metastasis. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 100%, 98.0%, and 91.4% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tumor size and depth of invasion are two important prognostic factors of rectal carcinoids. Endoscopic excision is useful for rectal carcinoid patients with tumor size < 1.0 cm and located within the submucosal layer.</p>