Résumé
The design method of individual brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was proposed and its correction effect was investigated. Based on the 3D CT scanned data of a scoliosis patient, an accurate finite element model, which included thorax, lumbus, sacrum and pelvis, was developed; the construction of individual scoliosis brace was based on the T-L-S-P FE model, and the correction effects of three different strap tensions were investigated. The results showed that the individual brace treatment had better correction effect than did other braces in coronal plane, and it had no inverse effect on sagittal plane. The forces generated by the strap tensions are in agreement with results of the experiment reported in literature. The research provides an available method for the design of individual brace, which could help improve the effectiveness for correction of idiopathic scoliosis.
Sujets)
Adolescent , Humains , Mâle , Phénomènes biomécaniques , Orthèses de maintien , Analyse des éléments finis , Imagerie tridimensionnelle , Scoliose , Imagerie diagnostique , Thérapeutique , Rachis , Imagerie diagnostique , Contrainte mécanique , Thérapie assistée par ordinateur , Méthodes , TomodensitométrieRésumé
A hybrid method based on optimization and force-EMG relationships for predicting muscle force was presented and applied to the flexion movement of upper limb. The results were compared with those from classical optimization and from the method based on force-EMG relationships. The classical optimization can not predict the force of antagonistic muscles. The method based on force-EMG relationships can not satisfy the mechanical equilibrium. The hybrid method overcomes the two disadvantages, but the forces predicted by it fluctuate excessively. Now the hybrid method is just appropriate for use in predicting isometric and isokinetic movements.
Sujets)
Humains , Algorithmes , Électromyographie , Méthodes , Prévision , Contraction isométrique , Physiologie , Modèles biologiques , Contraction musculaire , Physiologie , Muscles squelettiques , Physiologie , Effort physique , Physiologie , Contrainte mécaniqueRésumé
At present, doctors discuss the situation of scoliosis patients mainly through their x-ray photograph. Because of the complexity of human spine structure, it is very difficult for doctors to plan & simulate operation or instruct design of scoliosis bracket only through the x-ray photograph of patient. In this paper, the technology of forming an STL file from CT data was introduced. The solid model of a scoliosis patient was reconstructed and transferred to RPM system. A human scoliosis model with all spine anatomical structure was manufactured using laminated object manufacturing (LOM). It has important clinical value for doctors to plan & simulate operation, and it is significant for the development of integration of medicine and engineering.
Sujets)
Humains , Infographie , Simulation numérique , Conception assistée par ordinateur , Imagerie tridimensionnelle , Modèles anatomiques , Scoliose , Imagerie diagnostique , Chirurgie générale , TomodensitométrieRésumé
Finding the position of caput femoris center by exact and fast method is a key technique in total knee replacement navigation surgery. A method for finding the position of caput femoris center is described in this paper. The main idea is abstracting this problem to a geometrical model in which the center of a sphere can be easily worked out with a few known spherical points. Experiments show that the method is feasible and the precision satisfies the requirements of navigation surgery.