Résumé
Background: The portal vein is an intra-abdominal large vein. It drains the venous blood from the abdominal and pelvic parts of the digestive tract and its associated glands including the spleen, pancreas and gallbladder. Variations of its formation were previously reported in literatures. The anatomic dimensions of the portal vein and its variations of formation have not been established for Thais. Objectives of the present study is determine the length, diameter and variations in types of portal vein formations in Northeastern ThaisStudy design: A descriptive study based on anatomical dissection and morphometry.Setting: Gross Anatomy Laboratory Dissecting room at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Subjects: Sixty five donated, embalmed Northeastern Thai cadavers (40 males; 25 females) ranging between 38 and 87 years of age at decease were used. Methods: All cadavers were dissected in order to approach the portal veins, superior mesenteric, splenic and inferior mesenteric veins. The length and diameter of each portal vein were measured by vernier caliper and recorded. Variations of the portal vein formation in relation to the termination or point of entry of the inferior mesenteric veins were determined and recorded.Results: The average length and diameter of the portal veins was 6.61 + 0.93 cm and 1.18 + 0.23 cm respectively. Of 65 cases, Type I of the portal vein, which was formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein was found in 55 cases of 65 cases (84.61%). The confluence of the superior mesenteric, splenic and inferior mesenteric veins to form the portal vein type II, occurred only in 10 cases (15.39%). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the average lengths (6.61 + 0.93 cm) and diameters (1.18 + 0.23 cm) of the portal vein and the possible anatomic differences of its formation among Northeastern Thais. It was interesting to find that the superior mesenteric, splenic and inferior mesenteric veins join to form the portal vein occurred in 10 cases.
Résumé
Background: The obturator hernia is relatively rare.A preoperative diagnosis is unusual since the manifestration shown is highly variable and often concealed by pectineus muscle.High mortality rate of obturator hernia was due to the difficulty diagnosis and operation.The incidence of obturator hernia has not been reported in Thai cadavers.Objective: To study the incidence of obturator hernia in Thai cadaversResults: During pelvic dissection of 104 cadavers (56 males, 48 females),an obturator hernia (0.96 %) was found on the right side of a female of age 56.The hernial mass consisted of a hernial sac containing fat tissue surrounded by thin fibrous connective tissue,skeletal muscle and its fascia.The hernial mass plugged in the obturator foramen with obturator nerve and vessels.The distal end of the hernial mass pass through the obturator canal to the thigh and located above pectineus muscle.Surprisingly,the obturator membrane and obturator externus muscle was absent.Histological study of the distal end of the hernial mass revealed its contents identical to the greater omental tissue.Conclusions: During gross dissection,an obturator hernia (0.96%) was found on the right side of a female of age 56.The hernial contents showed histological characteristics identical to omental tissue and was surrounded by peritoneum,skeletal muscle and its fascia.The absence of obturator membrane and obturator externus muscle in this case might be the weakpoint and caused obturator hernia consequently.
Résumé
Background: The origin of the ophthalmic artery serves as an angiographic landmark of the point at which the internal carotid artery becomes subdural. The extradural origin of the ophthalmic arteries existed in a considerable number of dissected cadavers. The ophthalmic artery origins have not been studied in Thailand, so our aim was to investigate the variation of the origin of the ophthalmic artery in Thais.Objective: To investigate the variation of the ophthalmic artery.Study design: A descriptive study of 114 Thai cadavers.Setting: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.Subjects: 223 orbits of 114 Thai embalmed cadavers.Methods: Partly dissected orbits were succeeded to reveal the origins of the ophthalmic arteries.Conclusion: The origin of the ophthalmic artery served as an angiographic marker of the point of the dural penetration of the internal carotid artery is found in 70% in Thai cadavers dissected in KKU Med.Schl. Gross Anatomy Laboratory.
Résumé
Background: Variations of the branches of the arch of aorta are mostly resulted from abnormal development of the branchial arches.Objective: To present the abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery associated with abnormal thoracic duct and the right recurrent laryngeal nerve Methods: Dissection of the mediastinum was carefully done to investigate the great vessels of the arch of aorta. The outer diameter and length of the anomalous rightsubclavian artery were measured. The other abnormally related structures were identified.Results: The anomalous right subclavian artery was incidentally found in a female cadaver of 80 year-old. It arose as the fourth branch of the distal part of the arch of aorta and traveled across the midline at T3 retroesophageally to reach the right upper extremity. This anomalous artery was the biggest branch of the great vessels of the arch of aorta. It was associated with the abnormal right-sided thoracic duct and the absence of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve.Conclusions: A case of 80 year-old female cadaver showed the abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery arising as the fourth branch of the distal part of the arch of aorta. It was associated with the abnormal right-sided thoracic duct and the absence of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve.Keywords: Anomalous subclavian artery, arch of aortic, abnormal development, anatomical variation