Résumé
The WHO COVID-19 Clinical management: living guidance contains the Organization's most up-to-date recommendations for the clinical management of people with COVID-19. Providing guidance that is comprehensive and holistic for the optimal care of COVID-19 patients throughout their entire illness is important. The latest version of this living guideline is available in pdf format (via the 'Download' button) and via an online platform, and is updated regularly as new evidence emerges. No further updates to the previous existing recommendations were made in this latest version. This updated (fifth) version contains 16 new recommendations for the rehabilitation of adults with post COVID-19 condition (see Chapter 24), which includes: strong recommendation that exertional desaturation and cardiac impairment following COVID-19 should be ruled out and managed before consideration of physical exercise training
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Grossesse , Enfant , COVID-19/complications , Soins palliatifs , Pneumopathie virale/étiologie , Réadaptation , Ventilation artificielle , Syndrome de détresse respiratoire du nouveau-né/étiologie , Choc septique , Gestion des soins aux patients/organisation et administration , Allaitement naturel , Grossesse , Santé mondiale , COVID-19/diagnostic , Hospitalisation , MasquesRésumé
The WHO Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline contains the Organization's most up-to-date recommendations for the use of therapeutics in the treatment of COVID-19. The latest version of this living guideline is available in pdf format (via the 'Download' button) and via an online platform, and is updated regularly as new evidence emerges. This twelfth version of the WHO living guideline now contains 19 recommendations. This latest update provides updated recommendations for remdesivir, addresses the use of combination therapy with corticosteroids, interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in patients with severe or critical COVID-19, and modifies previous recommendations for the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies sotrovimab and casirivimab-imdevimab in patients with non-severe COVID-19.
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Humains , COVID-19/traitement médicamenteux , Antiviraux/usage thérapeutique , Plasma sanguin/immunologie , Ivermectine/usage thérapeutique , Colchicine/usage thérapeutique , Immunisation passive , Fluvoxamine/usage thérapeutique , Hormones corticosurrénaliennes/usage thérapeutique , Récepteurs à l'interleukine-6/usage thérapeutique , Lopinavir/usage thérapeutique , Inhibiteurs des Janus kinases/usage thérapeutique , Hydroxychloroquine/usage thérapeutiqueRésumé
The population of the World Health Organization's (WHO) African Region was estimated to be 1 120 161 000 in 2020 and about 14.4% of the world's population of 7 758 157 000. It was 8 billion in 20211 . It is the third largest population among the WHO regions after South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. Between 2019 and 2020, the population differential was equivalent to that of a state of more than 28 million inhabitants. The five most populated countries account for more than 45% of the Region's population. Among these, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo represent about 50% of the population of the West African and Central African subregions, respectively, and Ethiopia represents about 20% of the population of the East and Southern Africa subregions. The average annual population growth in Africa was 2.5% in 2020. If the heterogeneity of the population growth between the regions of the world and between countries in the same subregion is considered, countries from and East and Southern Africa subregions seem to have lower population growth rates than countries in other large subregions, which show significantly higher increases. The current population density of Africa is low, estimated to be 36 inhabitants per km2 for the whole continent. However, many areas are uninhabitable and some countries have relatively large populations. High population density is a concern that must be addressed through policies, because it could generate surges and high concentrations of populations in mega cities and urban slums, which can be an issue when it comes to accessing various qualitative services. Gross domestic product (GDP) reflects a country's resources and therefore its potential to provide access to services to its people, particularly health services. This dynamic creates a circle, with healthier people going to work and contributing to the production of wealth for the benefit of the country. The most vulnerable people live from agriculture in rural areas, or in conflict-affected states. Difficulties in accessing health services, low education and inequalities between men and women are additional obstacles to poverty reduction. The population of sub-Saharan Africa is expected to almost double over the next three decades, growing from 1.15 billion in 2022 to 2.09 billion in 2050. The world's population is expected to grow from 7.94 billion at present to 8.51 billion in 2030 and 9.68 billion in 2050. The demographic dividend2 for African countries will emanate from the acceleration of economic growth following a de crease in fertility with a change in the structure of the age pyramid where the active population, that is those aged 1865 years, will be more important, reaching a certain optimum to make positive the ratio between the population able to finance health and education systems and the population that benefits from these systems. This is the human capital for development at a given moment. The demographic dividend appears to be an opportunity and an invitation to action, but it is also a real challenge, that of creating sustainable jobs to generate the development to activate the economic growth lever.
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Statistiques de Santé , Indicateurs d'état de santé , Atlas (publication) , Afrique , Systèmes d'information sur la santé , Analyse de données , Organisation mondiale de la santé , Mortalité , Statistiques , Planification en santéRésumé
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Caractéristiques de la population , Statistiques de Santé , Indicateurs d'état de santé , Science des données , Statistiques , AfriqueRésumé
The proposed definition qualifies Digital Health as going beyond the rather simplistic meaning of the use of digital technologies in health. When understood as a broader field of knowledge and practice, Digital Health becomes more comprehensive and able to foster the diversity required to understand its multiple categories, functions and corresponding policy needs. It also ensures that digital technologies are understood as a means to an end. As a result, this definition also anchors Digital Health to matters linked to its practical application and demonstrated, measurable outcomes for improvements in health. The following Global Strategy on Digital Health is designed to help countries achieve this objective. It sets out a vision, strategic objectives and a framework for action to advance digital health. The Global Strategy is developed in collaboration with countries and other stakeholders, considering their cultures, values and interests. The Strategy leads to concrete actions within the proposed timeframe of four years, from 2020 to 2024. However, the strategic objectives aim to set the actions for a longer period and can be reviewed and revised after the proposed timeframe.The Strategy builds on previous WHA resolutions4 WHO global and regional reports on digital health, eHealth, mHealth, telehealth and other digital health related areas5,6,7 and a two-part ISO TC 215 Technical Specification8 . In particular, the National eHealth Strategy Toolkit9 , co-published by WHO and ITU, is an essential source of inspiration and methods. It provides an excellent and easy to use operational model, with step-by-step instructions that systematizes a simple but comprehensive framework for preparing and implementing National Digital Health Strategies