Application of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the application value of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children.@*METHODS@#The critically ill children in Hunan Children's Hospital who were transported with or without a transport ventilator were included as the observation group (from January 2019 to January 2020; n=122) and the control group (from January 2018 to January 2019; n=120), respectively. The two groups were compared in terms of general data, the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation during transport, the incidence rates of adverse events, and outcomes.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, oxygenation index, pediatric critical illness score, course of disease, primary disease, heart rate, respiratory rate, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation before transport (P>0.05). During transport, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation (P>0.05). The incidence rates of tracheal catheter detachment, indwelling needle detachment, and sudden cardiac arrest in the observation group were lower than those in the control group during transport, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit and significantly higher transport success rate and cure/improvement rate (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport can improve the success rate of inter-hospital transport and the prognosis in critically ill children, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children.

Expression change and role of myeloma cancer gene mRNA, microRNA-540-3p, circular RNA-04996 in the liver inflammatory reaction during the rat liver regeneration / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the transcription factor myeloma cancer gene (MYC) and its mRNA interaction with microRNA(miRNA, miR) and ciccular RNA(circRNAs) at 0 hour and 6 hour in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2/3 hepatectomy (partial hepatectomy，PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA together named as competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA) of remnant liver were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at 0 hour and 6 hours after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 0.15±0.03 and 2.36±0.20, miR-540-3p displays 3.00±0.43 and 0.79±0.01, circRNA_04996 showed 1.43±0.43 and 3.14±0.94. At the same time, the four kinds of inflammatory reaction-related genes plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2), ect, which were prometed in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at 0 hour after PH, but the inflammatory reaction-related genes natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), nuclear receptor subfamily O group B member 2 (NROB2) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA), which were inhibited in expression by MYC, were up-regulated at 0 hour after PH. On the other hand, the three kinds of inflammatory reaction-related genes PLAUR, TNF, IL1R2, ect, which are prometed in expression by MYC, were up-regulated at 6 hours after PH, but the inflammatory reaction-related genes NPPA, NROB2 and PPARA, which were inhibited in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at 6 hours after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNA, which are inhibited by circRNAs, MYC, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the inflammatory reaction-related genes, which are regulated by MYC, and are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in non-inflammatory reaction state at 0 hour after PH and to be in inflammatory reaction state at 6 hours after PH.

Expression change and role of sex determining region box transcription factor 2 mRNA and the non-coding RNA in the hepatocyte stem changes during the rat liver regeneration / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the sex determining region box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) and its mRNA interaction with microRNA(miRNAs, miR) and circular RNA(circRNA) at 0 hour and 2 hours in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2/3 hepatectomy (partial hepatectomy, PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the hepatocytes were isolated according to the method of Smedsrod et al, the expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA [together named as competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA)] were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at the 0 hour and 2 hours after PH, the ratio value of SOX2 mRNA shows 1.00±0.09 and 2.15±0.48, miR-3558-3p displays 4.53± 0.10 and 0.81±0.16, circRNA_18404 shows 1.24±0.04 and 11.10±0.57, circRNA_18045 displays 1.97±0.47 and 4.44± 0.23. At the same time, the eight kinds of cell dedifferentiation-related genes AT-rich interaction domain 5A (ARID5A), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (BTG2), etc, which are prometed in expression by SOX2, were down-regulated at 0 h after PH, but the cell differentiation-related genes interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) and somatostatin (SST), which are inhibited in expression by SOX2, were up-regulated at 0 hour after PH. On the other hand, the eight kinds of cell dedifferentiation-related genes ARID5A, ATF3, BTG2, etc, which are promoted in expression by SOX2, were up-regulated at 2 hours after PH, but the cell differentiation-related gene SST, which is inhibited in expression by SOX2, was down-regulated, and IRF6 had no meaningful changes in expression at 2 hours after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNA, which are inhibited by circRNA, SOX2, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNA, and the cell stem-related genes, which are regulated by SOX2, are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in differentiation state at 0 hour after PH and to be in stem state at 2 hours after PH.

Expression change and role of Kruppel-like factor 4 mRNA, microRNA-881-3p, circular RNA_20298 and circular RNA_14826 in the hepatocyte apoptosis during the rat liver regeneration / 解剖学报

[ Abstract] Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and its mRNA interaction with microRNA (miRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNAs) at 0 hour and the 120 th hour in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2 / 3 hepatectomy (partial hepatectomy, PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the hepatocytes were isolated according to the method of Smedsrod et al, the expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA together named as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3. 2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at the 0 hour and the 120th hour PH, the ratio value of KLF4 mRNA showed 1. 00±0. 16 and 3. 14±0. 27, miR-881-3p displays 18. 30±1. 44 and 0. 47±0. 02, circRNA_20298 indicated 0. 32±0. 10 and 4. 24±0. 22, circRNA_14826 showed 0. 42±0. 13 and 0. 61±0. 08. At the same time, the four kinds of cell apoptosis-related genes adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2), annexin A5 (ANXA5), ect, which were promoted in expression by KLF4, were down-regulated at 0 hour after PH, but the cell apoptosis-related genes synuclein gamma (SNCG), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 4 (FGD4), ect, which were inhibited in expression by KLF4, were up-regulated at 0 hour after PH. On the other hand, the cell apoptosis-related genes ANXA5 and thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10), which are promoted in expression by KLF4, were up-regulated at the 120th hour after PH, but the cell apoptosis-related genes chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) and ataxin 3 (ATXN3), ect, which were inhibited in expression by KLF4, were down-regulated at the 120th hour after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNAs, which are inhibited by circRNAs, KLF4, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the cell apoptosis-related genes, which are regulated by KLF4, are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in active state 0 hour after PH and to be in apoptotic state 120-hour after PH.

Expression change and role of myeloma cancer gene mRNA and the non-coding RNA in the hepatocyte cycle initiation and termination during the rat liver regeneration / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the myeloma cancer gene (MYC) and its mRNA interaction with the microRNAs(miRNAs) and circular RNA(circRNAs) at hour 0, hour 6 and hour 72 in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2/3 hepatectomy (PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the hepatocytes were isolated according to the method of Smedsrod et al. The expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA [together named as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)] were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at hour 0 and hour 6 after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 0.15±0.03 and 2.36±0.20, miR-134-5p indicated 3.22±0.61 and 0.08±0.02, circRNA_12112 displayed 0.68±0.21 and 13.35±3.53. At the same time, the cell cycle initiation-related genes ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1), cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which were promoted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at hour 0 after PH, but the cell cycle initiation-related genes nestin (NES), RAD21 cohesin complex component (RAD21), CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2), which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, had no meaningful express changes at hour 0 after PH. On the other hand, the cell cycle initiation-related gene SOD2, which was promoted in expression by MYC, was up-regulated at hour 6 after PH, but the cell cycle initiation-related genes NES, RAD21, CUEDC2, which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at hour 6 after PH. In contrary, at hour 72 after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 2.36±0.20, miR-880-3p indicated 0.54±0.01, circRNA_09599 displayd 0.54±0.16. At the same time, the cell cycle termination-related gene hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is promoted in expression by MYC, was up-regulated 72 hours after PH, the cell cycle termination-related genes MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated 72 hours after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNAs, which are inhibited by circRNAs, MYC, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the cell cycle initiation-related and cell cycle termination-related genes, which are regulated by MYC, are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in cell cycle initiation state at hour 6 after PH and to be in cell cycle termination state at hour 72 after PH.

Different processed products of Polygonati Rhizoma treat Alzheimer's disease in rats: urine metabolomics based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

The study investigated the effects of different processed products of Polygonati Rhizoma(black bean-processed Polygonati Rhizoma, BBPR; stewed Polygonati Rhizoma, SPR) on the urinary metabolites in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Sixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into a control group, a model group, a donepezil group, a BBPR group, and a SPR group, with twelve rats in each group. Other groups except the control group were administrated with D-galactose injection(100 mg·kg~(-1)) once a day for seven weeks. The control group was administrated with an equal volume of normal saline once a day for seven consecutive weeks. After three weeks of D-galactose injection, bilateral hippocampal Aβ_(25-35) injections were performed for modeling. The rats were administrated with corresponding drugs(10 mL·kg~(-1)) by gavage since week 2, and the rats in the model and control group with an equal volume of double distilled water once a day for 35 continuous days. The memory behaviour and pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue were observed. The untargeted metabolites in the urine were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were employed to characterize and screen differential metabolites and potential biomarkers, for which the metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. The results indicated that BBPR and SPR increased the new object recognition index, shortened the escape latency, and increased the times of crossing the platform of AD rats in the Morris water maze test. The results of hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining showed that the cells in the hippocampal tissue of the drug administration groups were closely arranged. Moreover, the drugs reduced the content of interleukin-6(IL-6, P<0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the hippocampal tissue, which were more obvious in the BBPR group(P<0.05). After screening, 15 potential biomarkers were identified, involving two metabolic pathways: dicoumarol pathway and piroxicam pathway. BBPR and SPR may alleviate AD by regulating the metabolism of dicoumarol and piroxicam.

Factors associated with readmission within three months of surgery for gastric cancer and their long-term effects on patients' nutritional status and quality of life / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with readmission within three months of surgery for gastric cancer and the impact of readmission on patients' long-term nutritional status and quality of life. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study comprising patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in the Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2018 to August 2019. Patients who failed to complete postoperative follow-up, whose body mass index (BMI) could not be accurately estimated, or who were unable to complete a quality-of-life questionnaire were excluded. The patients were followed up for 12 months. Time to, cause(s) of, and outcomes of readmission were followed up 1, 2 and 3 months postoperatively. BMI was followed up 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Results of blood tests were collected and patients' nutritional status and quality of life were assessed 12 months postoperatively. Nutritional status was evaluated by BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, and total lymphocyte count. Quality of life was evaluated using the European Organization for Research in the Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life scale. The higher the scores for global health and functional domains, the better the quality of life, whereas the higher the score in the symptom domain, the worse the quality of life. Results: The study cohort comprised 259 patients with gastric cancer, all of whom were followed up for 3 months and 236 of whom were followed up for 12 months. Forty-four (17.0%) patients were readmitted within 3 months. The commonest reasons for readmission were gastrointestinal dysfunction (16 cases, 36.3%), intestinal obstruction (8 cases, 18.2%), and anastomotic stenosis (8 cases, 18.2%). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment score ≥ 4 points (OR=1.481, 95% CI: 1.028‒2.132), postoperative complications (OR=3.298, 95%CI:1.416‒7.684) and resection range (OR=1.582, 95% CI:1.057‒2.369) were risk factors for readmission within 3 months of surgery. Compared with patients who had not been readmitted 12 months after surgery, patients who were readmitted within 3 months of surgery tended to have greater decreases in their BMI [-2.36 (-5.13,-0.42) kg/m2 vs. -1.73 (-3.33,-0.33) kg/m2, Z=1.850, P=0.065), significantly lower hemoglobin and albumin concentrations [(122.1±16.6) g/L vs. (129.8±18.4) g/L, t=2.400, P=0.017]; [(40.9±5.0) g/L vs. (43.4±3.3) g/L, t=3.950, P<0.001], and significantly decreased global health scores in the quality of life assessment [83 (67, 100) vs. 100 (83, 100), Z=2.890,P=0.004]. Conclusion: Preoperative nutritional risk, total or proximal radical gastrectomy, and complications during hospitalization are risk factors for readmission within 3 months of surgery for gastric cancer. Perioperative management and postoperative follow-up should be more rigorous. Readmission within 3 months after surgery may be associated with a decline in long-term nutritional status and quality of life. Achieving improvement in long-term nutritional status and quality of life requires tracking of nutritional status, timely evaluation, and appropriate interventions in patients who need readmission.

A Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Caused by One Asymptomatic Food Handler Carrier / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

In August 2021, three students with diarrhea from the same school visited a local hospital in the S district of Beijing. An epidemic investigation showed that there were more students with diarrhea in the same school and they had one meal together. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from both patients with diarrhea and asymptomatic food handlers; however, the latter also carried Campylobacter coli. Phylogenomic analysis showed that there was a campylobacteriosis outbreak among the students, and the asymptomatic food handler may have been the source of the infection. Routine inspection and surveillance for Campylobacter is needed for the food producing staff, particularly those cooking in the cafeteria in schools or other public food services.

Screening of Genes Co-Associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Infectious Sudden Death in Infancy and Bioinformatics Analysis of Their Regulatory Networks / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#The common differentially expressed mRNAs in brain, heart and liver tissues of deceased sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infectious sudden death in infancy (ISDI) confirmed by autopsy was screened by bioinformatics to explore the common molecular markers and pathogenesis of SIDS and ISDI.@*METHODS@#The datasets of GSE70422 and GSE136992 were downloaded, the limma of R software was used to screen differentially expressed mRNA in different tissue samples of SIDS and ISDI decedents for overlapping analysis. The clusterProfiler of R software was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database, while the hub gene was screened by cytoHubba plug-in.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, there were 19 significant differentially expressed genes in the tissue samples of SIDS and ISDI decedents, among which 16 in the heart tissue and 3 in the liver tissue, and the astrotactin 1 (ASTN1) gene expression difference in the heart tissue was most significant. The PPI network identified Ras homolog family member A (RHOA), integrin subunit alpha 1 (ITGA1), and H2B clustered histone 5 (H2BC5) were hub genes. The analysis of GO and KEGG showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the molecular pathways of actin cytoskeleton regulation, focal adhesion and response to mycophenolic acid.@*CONCLUSIONS@#ASTN1, RHOA and ITGA1 may participate in the development of SIDS and ISDI. The enrichment of differentially expressed genes in immune and inflammatory pathways suggests a common molecular regulatory mechanism between SIDS and ISDI. These findings are expected to provide new biomarkers for molecular anatomy and forensic identification of SIDS and ISDI.

Clinical application of plasma exchange combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration dialysis in children with refractory Kawasaki disease shock syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the role of plasma exchange combined with continuous blood purification in the treatment of refractory Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS).@*METHODS@#A total of 35 children with KDSS who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Children's Hospital, from January 2019 to August 2022 were included as subjects. According to whether plasma exchange combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration dialysis was performed, they were divided into a purification group with 12 patients and a conventional group with 23 patients. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data, laboratory markers, and prognosis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the conventional group, the purification group had significantly shorter time to recovery from shock and length of hospital stay in the pediatric intensive care unit, as well as a significantly lower number of organs involved during the course of the disease (P<0.05). After treatment, the purification group had significant reductions in the levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, heparin-binding protein, and brain natriuretic peptide (P<0.05), while the conventional group had significant increases in these indices after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the children in the purification group tended to have reductions in stroke volume variation, thoracic fluid content, and systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output over the time of treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Plasma exchange combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration dialysis for the treatment of KDSS can alleviate inflammation, maintain fluid balance inside and outside blood vessels, and shorten the course of disease, the duration of shock and the length of hospital stay in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Study on related factors and characteristics of multimorbidity of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children in Hunan Province / 中华预防医学杂志

From January 2019 to December 2021, overweight and obese children who visited in health outpatient Center of Hunan Children's Hospital were studied to explore and analyze the rate, related factors and patterns of multimorbidity of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children in Hunan Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. Association rules (apriori algorithm) were used to explore the multimorbidity patterns of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. A total of 725 overweight and obese children were included in this study. The multimorbidity rate of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children was 46.07% (334/725). Age, waist circumference, the frequency of food consumption such as hamburgers and fries and adding meals before bedtime were multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. The multimorbidity associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was relatively common. The patterns with the top three support degrees were "NAFLD+dyslipidemia","NAFLD+hypertension" and "NAFLD+hyperuricemia". The patterns with the top three confidence and elevation degrees were "Hypertension+dyslipidemia => NAFLD","Hyperuricemia => NAFLD" and "NAFLD+hypertension => dyslipidemia".

Analysis of aerobic exercise influence on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: A randomized clinical trial

Purpose: To investigate the change pattern of ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and intra?ocular pressure (IOP) after short?term and long?term aerobic exercise. Methods: In this prospective, single?masked, randomized clinical trial, 123 patients with a primary open angle glaucoma that locally used prostaglandin analog alone were randomly divided into the exercise and control groups. In the short?term study, all individuals underwent a cycling exercise at moderate intensity (20% Wmax for 10 minutes) and high intensity (60% Wmax for 5 minutes). During the long?term study, the exercise group is characterized by regular jogging exercise lasting for 30 minutes during 6: 00–10: 00 in the morning for 3 months, with the exercise frequency of at least 20 times per month, and with the intensity reflected by the target heart rate. The control group is designed as a group with irregular exercise. Results: After short?term aerobic exercise, IOP significantly decreased, whereas the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) significantly increased. The decreasing amplitude of IOP is related to the baseline of IOP, the intensity of exercise, gender, and so on. After 3 months of long?term exercise, the changes in the IOP level of the exercise group indicated a decreasing trend. Conclusion: The significant decrement of IOP and the increment of OPP suggest that aerobic exercise is beneficial for patients with primary open?angle glaucoma and appropriate aerobic exercise is appropriate in treating glaucoma patients.

Mechanism analysis of repeatedly steamed and sundried Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata in delaying brain aging in ovariectomized mice based on proteomics / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the effect and mechanism of repeatedly steamed and sundried Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata(RRP) in delaying brain aging in ovariectomized mice. After ovariectomy, the mice were randomly divided into a model group, an estradiol valerate group(0.3 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-(1.0 g·kg~(-1)), medium-(2.0 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(4.0 g·kg~(-1)) RRP groups, and a sham operation group was also set up, with 15 mice in each group. One week after the operation, intragastric administration was carried out for 15 consecutive weeks. The step-down test and Morris water maze test were used to detect the behavioral changes of mice. HE staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphological changes of mouse brain tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Aβ and ER_β in mouse brain tissues. The serum estrogen levels and cholinesterase and cholinesterase transferase levels in brain tissues of mice were detected by assay kits. The extracted hippocampal protein was detected by the Nano-ESI-LC-MS system, identified by the Protein Discovery, and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by the SIEVE. The PANTHER Classification System was used for GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the differential proteins. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group showed decreased learning and memory ability, shortened step-down latency(P<0.05), prolonged escape latency(P<0.05), reduced platform crossings and residence time in the target quadrant, scattered nerve cells in the hippocampus with enlarged intercellular space, increased expression of Aβ-positive cells(P<0.05), declining expression of ER_β-positive cells and estrogen level(P<0.05), and weakened cholinergic function(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the RRP groups showed improved learning and memory ability, prolonged step-down latency(P<0.05), increased estrogen level(P<0.05), neatly arranged nerve cells in the hippocampus with complete morphology, declining Aβ-positive cells, and elevated expression of ER_β-positive cells. A total of 146 differential proteins were screened out by proteomics, and KEGG pathway enrichment yielded 75 signaling pathways. The number of proteins involved in the dopaminergic synapse signaling pathway was the largest, with 13 proteins involved. In summary, RRP can delay brain aging presumedly by increasing the level of estrogen, mediating the dopaminergic synapse signaling pathway, and improving cholinergic function.

Clarification on Kidney-deficiency Constipation Treated by Classic Prescription Jichuanjian / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Jichuanjian， from the Jing Yue’s Collected Works by Zhang Jingyue， a famous doctor of Ming Dynasty， is composed of Angelica， Achyranthes bidentata， Cistanche deserticola， Alismatis Rhizoma， Shengma and Fructus Aurantii. It is one of the first 100 classic prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The original book states that where the disease is related to deficiency， with impacted stool， medicines such as Xiaohuang prescription cannot be used. If the treatment is needed， Jichuanjian should be applied. Through the textual research of ancient and modern literature， it is found that the efficacy of Jichuanjian has changed from ancient to modern times. In the medical books of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the modern ones， the treatment is mostly carried out based on the constipation due to deficiency recorded in the original book， while in contemporary times， the treatment of Jichuanjian focuses on kidney （yang）-deficiency constipation and yin-deficiency constipation. Especially since modern times， Jichuanjian is frequently used to treat kidney-deficiency constipation according to the description in the planning textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities， which causes doubts among the authors. To actively respond to the call of General Secretary Xi Jinping that we should strengthen the sorting and excavation of the essence of classical medical books， this paper analyzed and demonstrated the original text and the drug composition， traceability and application by future generations of Jichuanjian based on the Jing Yue’s Collected Works. It was concluded that Jichuanjian was prepared for the treatment of constipation due to weak constitution， fluid deficiency， and emergent purgation， aiming for constipation due to weak constitution and fluid consumption rather than kidney-deficiency constipation described in modern textbooks. As Jichuanjian was developed for similar syndromes， it was reasonable that it was understood by later generations of doctors from the perspective of liver and kidney as well as earth dampness and wood stagnation， which however remains to be further explored and verified in clinic. By combing and discussing the efficacy of Jichuanjian， this paper could provide theoretical basis for the clinical application and modern development of Jichuanjian.

Effect of Licochalcone A on Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of licochalcone A （LCA） on apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells， and to explore its possible mechanism. Method:MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with LCA of different concentrations， and<italic> </italic>cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the cell viability. The cells were treated with LCA （10， 20， and 40 μmol·L^-1） for 24 h， and apoptosis was detected by Annexin V staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC） and propidium iodide （PI） （Annexin V-FITC/PI）. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） was detected by 2′，7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate （DCFA-DA） fluorescent probe. Mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） was detected by 5， 5′， 6， 6′-tetrachloro-1， 1′， 3， 3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine （JC-1） fluorescence probe. Western blot was used to detect the expression of cell apoptosis-related proteins， such as B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress-related proteins， such as C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP）， activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4）， protein kinase R-like ER kinase （PERK）， p-PERK， eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha （eIF2<italic>α</italic>）， and p-eIF2<italic>α</italic>. Result:With the increase in the drug concentration （starting from 5 μmol·L^-1）， the cell viability decreased （<italic>P<</italic>0.05） with IC₅₀of 19.05 μmol·L^-1 as compared with the normal group. Additionally， the apoptosis rates of the LCA groups （10， 20， 40 μmol·L^-1） significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， which reached 30.2% （<italic>P</italic><0.05） at LCA concentration of 40 μmol·L^-1. LCA （10， 20， and 40 μmol·L^-1） decreased the expression of Bcl-2 （<italic>P<</italic>0.05） and increased Bax expression （<italic>P<</italic>0.05） in a dose-dependent manner. Besides， the intracellular ROS level was elevated （<italic>P<</italic>0.05） and mitochondrial MMP was reduced （<italic>P<</italic>0.05） after LCA （10， 20， and 40 μmol·L^-1） treatment in a dose-dependent manner， leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. LCA （10， 20， and 40 μmol·L^-1） induced ER stress to up-regulate the expression of CHOP， ATF4， p-PERK， and p-eIF2<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P<</italic>0.05） in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion:LCA can induce MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis by increasing intracellular ROS level and reducing MMP to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress.

Expression and role of CCAAT enhancer binding protein ζ mRNA, microRNA-136-3p and four kinds of circular RNAs of hepatocytes during the rat liver regeneration initiation / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the pathways and patterns which the CCAAT enhancer binding protein ζ (CEBPO mRNA, miR-136-3p, rno-Crebrf_0009, rno-Slc38a9_0001, rno-LOCl00362999_0001 and rno- Got1_0001 regulate the hepatocytes in G

Expression and role of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β mRNA, microRNA-369-3p and rno-Rmdn2_0006 of hepatocytes during the rat liver regeneration initiation / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the pathways and patterns which CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β(CEBPβ) mRNA, miR-369-3p and rno-Rmdn2_0006 regulate the hepatocytes in G

Hippocampal vascular injury and cognitive impairment in a mixed mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus / 解剖学报

Objective To study the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the cerebral blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to explore its mechanism of influence on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Methods To generate a mouse model with AD complicated with long-term T2DM, forty 6-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 6 months, that was, when mice at 12 months of age, they were intraperitoneally injected with 1% streptozotocin solution for 4 consecutive days. Then, mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal control group, AD model group, T2DM model group and AD complicated with T2DM model group, 10 mice were used in each group. The learning and memory ability of the mice were tested by the mouse step-down assay, and the vascular morphology of the mice's hippocampal CAI area was observed by ink perfusion. Then oil red 0 staining and immunofluorescent staining were applied to test the pathological indices of the hippocampal area in the model. Results Compared with the control group, AD combined with T2DM mice showed decreasing significantly abilities in the learning and memory (P<0.05), and the blood vessels in the hippocampus became thinner and the vascular density decreased. Moreover, T2DM promoted lipid deposits and vascular leak in the hippocampus of the model. Additionally, the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1), nuclear factor (NF)-κB and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 were increased compared with the controls in the hippocampal CAI region. Conclusion T2DM plays a negative regulatory role on learning and memory functions of mice, accelerates the onset of AD and result in cerebrovascular lesions. In addition, the abnormal expression of MMP-9 may also be one of the causes of AD vascular lesions.

Expression and role of CCAAT enhancer binding protein a mRNA, microRNA-144-3p and three kinds of circular RNAs of hepatocytes during the rat liver regeneration initiation / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the pathways and patterns which CCAAT enhancer binding proteina (CEBPα) mRNA, miR-144-3p, rno-LOC100365958_0001, rno-Usp3_0010 and rno-AC241873_0010 regulate the hepatocytes in G

Expression and role of CCAAT enhancer binding protein δ mRNA, microRNA￣3553 and rno￣Acad8_0002 of hepatocytes during the rat liver regeneration initiation / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the pathways and patterns which the CCAAT enhancer binding protein δ (CEBPδ) mRNA, miR-3553 and rno-Acad8_0002 regulate the hepatocytes in G