Rehabilitation Approaches from European Physiotherapy Guideline for Parkinson's Disease: A Comment / 中国康复理论与实践

This paper introduced European Guidelines for Physiotherapy of Parkinson's Disease, especially the form, content and selection, to give a reference of evidence-based practice in China.

Molecular mechanism of metabolic changes in rat cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion: An NMR-based study / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolite levels and the time of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in the left cortex of rats, so as to explore the molecular mechanism of cortical metabolic disorders induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Stroke models of focal cerebral ischemia in rats were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolome analytical approach was carried out to analyze the metabolite levels in the left cortex of MCAO rats at different time points (3, 6, and 24 h) after reperfusion. Results Some changes of metabolic pathways, such as energy deficiency, glycolysis aggravation, and neurotransmitter disorders, were observed in the left cortex of MCAO rats at 3 h after reperfusion. All the above-mentioned disorders were alleviated by the autoregulation at 6 h after reperfusion. However, the forementioned metabolic disturbances became severe after 24-hour reperfusion. Conclusion Our results suggest that different extents of metabolic disturbance appears in the cortex at different time points after reperfusion, which might help to understand the molecular mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, providing reference for regulating metabolic disorders at different time points after stroke in clinic.

Pentoxifylline promotes learning and memory function of aging rats and mice with induced memory impairment / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on rats and mice with learning and memory dysfunctions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Morris water maze test was used to observe the effects of pentoxifylline on learning and memory of naturally aging rats, and jumping stand test was performed to examine its effects in promoting the learning and memory functions in mice with scopolamine- and ethanol-induced memory dysfunctions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In aging rats, pentoxifylline at high, moderate and low doses all significantly reduced the latency of platform finding in the place navigation test (P<0.01 or P<0.05 ), and increased the quadrant searching frequency in the spatial probe test (P<0.05). Pentoxifylline at the 3 doses significantly increased the latency of electrification (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and decreased the times of error (P<0.05) of the mice as compared with scopolamine- treated group. Pentoxifylline also improved ethanol-induced memory dysfunction in the mice, but the changes in the performance of the mice were not statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pentoxifylline can improve the learning and memory abilities of rats and mice.</p>

Inhibitory effect of Chinese herbal medicine Xin-Kang oral liquid on replication of CVB3 RNA in Coxsackievirus B3 infected mice / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the CVB3 RNA concentration in myocardial tissues and inhibitory effect of Chinese herbal medicine Xin-Kang oral liquid on viral RNA replication in Coxsackievirus B3 infected myocardium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The total RNA was extracted from the infected murine myocardium, the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect enterovirus RNA concentration in infected mice with Coxsackievirus B3 gene band. We used "Gel works system" to scan the electrophoresis image to detect CVB3 gene band.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean concentration of myocardial CVB3 RNA of Xin-Kang oral liquid treated groups was markedly lower than that of virus control group (P>0.01), but the CVB3 RNA in myocardial tissues has not been destroyed by Xin-Kang oral liquid feed in different phase.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese herbal medicine Xin-Kang oral liquid could inhibit CVB3 RNA replication in myocardial tissue, but it did not destruct the virus.</p>

Effect of Chinese herbal medicine Xin-kang oral liquid on interferon-induction and its antiviral activity in coxsackievirus B3 infected mice / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine Xin-kang oral liquid on interferon (IFN)-induction and its antiviral activity in Coxsackievirus B3 virus strain (CVB3) infected mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Xin-kang oral liquid was given orally to mice two days prior to the challenge of CVB3 virus to induce myocarditis. Two dosages of Xin-kang oral liquid crude herbal medicine 30 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) and 12 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) were given to the mice of different treatment groups respectively, sterilized water was given to the mice of virus control group. IFN-alpha 10(6) U x kg(-1) x d(-1) S.C was given to the infected mice as positive drug control group. The mice were sacrificed on 5th, 10th and 20th day of infection for evaluation, the levels of serum interferon (IFN) were titrated with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and cardiac tissue was fixed and sectioned. The quantitative histological changes at various stages of myocarditis were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the infected mice fed with 30 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) or 12 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) of Xin-kang oral liquid orally for 5, 10 and 20 days, the mean titer of serum IFN of Xin-Kang oral liquid treated group was markedly higher (29.3 U/0.1 ml) than that of virus control group (12.6 U/0.1 ml). The level of serum IFN in IFN treated positive control mice was lower than that of Xin-kang treatment groups. The histological examination showed extensive myocardial necrosis and cellular infiltration in virus control group, but necrosis and cellular infiltration were less severe in Xin-kang treatment goups of mice. It is demonstrated that there were close correlation between the degree of myocardial lesions and the level of IFN-induction in treated mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Xin-kang oral liquid could facilitate the induction of endogenous interferon that exerted its antiviral activity in CVB3 infected mice. This can help us to understand better the mechanism of anti-CVB3 effect of Xin-Kang oral liquid.</p>

Relationship between the pathologic changes of human embryo fibroblast cells and expression of late mRNA after human cytomegalovirus infection in vitro / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between late mRNA and the cytopathic effect(CPE) and ultrastructural features after human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human embryo fibroblast cells(HEL) were infected with HCMV AD169 strain. The expression of the HCMV late mRNA was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR, the cytopathic effect (CPE) and the cell ultrastructure were observed by means of light microscopy and electron microscopy, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HCMV late mRNA could be detected 12 hours postinfection and increased gradually, but the CPE appeared 48 hours postinfection in HEL cells. The HCMV infected cells exhibited significant mitochondrial enlargement and the number of mitochondrial ridge deletion, the cisternae lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dilation and vacuolization (at the end age). The mature nucleocapsid could be observed 96 hours postinfection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ultrastructural changes have an intimate correlation with the expression of HCMV late mRNA and play an important role in the life circle of the virus. HCMV late mRNA may serve as a indicator of the clinical effect of treatment in active HCMV infection.</p>

Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on baroreflex sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the chronicity decompression effect of Astragalus Membranaceus(AM) and evaluate the effect on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Nineteen spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) were randomly divided into four groups. The AM groups were intraperitoneally administered with AM parenteral solution 0.9 mL, 1.2 mL and 1.8 mL respectively and the control group was not given AM for eight weeks. Then the change of blood pressure was observed successivly. After eight weeks, BRS were also determined. At last, the difference of blood pressure and BRS among the groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Blood pressure in the control group became higher and higher frome the third week to the eighth week, but the other SHR admistered with AM showed no changein blood pressure level. We also found that the BRS in AM group was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AM can promote the BRS in SHR.</p>