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Objective The drive for innovation is essentially a talent-driven,and comprehensive national strength competition is ultimately a competition for high-level talent.This paper aims to provide a reference for the formulation of high-level personnel training based on the introduction policies in various regions of China by combing the high-level talent training and introduction policies at home and abroad.Methods This study mainly used the literature review,policy analysis,comparative reference to analyze the history and current situation of high-level talent training policies in US,UK,Japan and China.Results High-level talents are the talents with high level of knowledge and strong innovation ability in a particular field,they are also the key training targets of the country.The cultivation and introduction of high-level talents has risen to the national strategy.Conclusions The study believes that there are some problems in the cultivation and introduction of high-level talents in China,such as low legislative level,concentrate on economic incentives while little attention was paid to the cultivation of scientific research environment,as well as the coordination of policy projects.It is recommended to improve the legal and regulatory system and form a high-level talent echelon policy,strengthen the implementation of supporting policies and evaluate the effectiveness of policy implementation.
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Objective This paper analyzed the development and current situation of patents from first class hospitals in Shanghai,reflecting the development of scientific researches,providing medical science research management with data support as the basis of decision making.Methods Based on patent search and analysis of State Intellectual Property Office of The P.R.C and Incopat,a technology innovation intelligence platform with global patent information,patents from first class hospitals in Shanghai published before the year of 2015 are analyzed from aspects including patent category,legal status,time trend,applicants of invention patent,proprietor and inventors of authorized invention patents,transfer of invention patents,etc.Results First class hospitals in Shanghai had 1979 invention patents,which accounted to 56.38％ of the total.71.21％ of invalid invention patents fell into abeyance because of withdraw,rejection,and abandon,which was 2.47 times of those due to termination.Eight hospitals including Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital and Huashan Hospital were at the top of both the invention patent application list and the authorized invention patent list,both accounting to more than sixty percent.Conclusions The number of invention patents has gone through germination stage,developing rapidly in recent years,the ratio of authorized inventions appears to decline slightly after rise.The reasons of patent invalidation are worthy of attention,the information about legal status of patents can be reasonably used,applicants and inventors shows uneven distribution,patent quality should be emphasized with quantity rise,cross regional and cross border cooperation can bring about complementary advantages.
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Premium healthcare is one of the major components of private healthcare, a key part of the health service industry, and one of the significant areas of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan of health. However, there is no clear definition of premium healthcare that is widely accepted based on a Chinese literature review, and to define the concept of premium healthcare is the basis and premise for research. This paper adopted the methods of systematic re-view, field investigation and key person interviews to clarify the definition of premium healthcare and the results sug-gested that areas of health management, medical care for the elderly, mobile medical care, and so on should be the priorities of premium healthcare development.
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Premium healthcare is the key area of healthcare industry and private medical institutions. Howev-er, with the expansion of VIP services in public hospitals and policy barriers to private medical institutions, the de-velopment of premium healthcare in China is still in its early stage. The premium healthcare industry has in fact be-gun to take shape in some developed countries, accumulating rich experience in the aspects of developing bases, op-erating modes and security systems. Therefore, this paper introduces the experiences of premium healthcare develop-ment in several countries:the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Singapore, Australia, and India: the building of safety net hospitals;the setting of hierarchical pricing and differential financial assistance;the use of pub-lic-private partnership based on commercial health insurance to determine prioritization. Based on the actual situation in China, this paper provides some implications to develop premium healthcare, including the implementation of dif-ferential payment policies built on the provision of basic healthcare services, the promotion of commercial health in-surance and public-private partnerships, and the determination of preferential areas.
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Objective:To study status quo of premium private health services and analyze the trend of its devel-opment. Method:The scope of premium private medical institutions was first defined. Then, seven indicators were used to analyze the allocation of resources;two indicators were used to analyze services;eight indicators were used to analyze costs. The entire situation of different styles of institutions through 2011 to 2013 was compared. Results:The results indicated that in the allocation of resources, the current level of premium private medical institutions is not high enough;large-scale construction is still at its early stages;and the medical personnel structure is not reasonable enough;as for service quantity, the total growth rate of premium private medical institutions is high but the service quantity is still far below that of the VIP services in public hospitals;as for medical expenses, premium private medi-cal institutions are charging high service fees, and the internal structure of the expenses is reasonable. Conclusions:Although the development of premium private health services is at an early stage, development prospects are promis-ing. Premium private health services should strengthen the aspects of medical technology, service levels, management capabilities, human resource building, and brand development.
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Objective:To analyze status quo and trends of VIP services in the tertiary public hospitals of Shang-hai and provide references for health administrative departments. Methods:Health policies of VIP services in tertiary public hospitals were searched and analyzed, and the number of medical institutions, services, prices and service fees were analyzed from 2011 to 2013 . Results:There is a clear demand for VIP services in the tertiary public hospi-tals of Shanghai, and fees for rooms, nursing, and examinations for outpatient and inpatient care are decided by the hospitals. 89. 7% of the tertiary public hospitals in Shanghai offered VIP services, and the trend was steadily grow-ing. The four services that could be decided by hospitals varied greatly, and the service fees for inpatient care in-creased significantly. The total cost of VIP services in the tertiary public hospitals of Shanghai accounted 6. 2% of all costs, and the percentage of income from drugs was lower. Conclusions:VIP services in public hospitals have a his-torical necessity;management should be strengthened in the short term;public hospitals should strengthen their own management and provide VIP services regularly, and health administration departments should strengthen regulation. In the long run, it is suggested that public hospitals should draw lessons from international experiences to form a pat-tern of multi-level medical services and actively carry out cooperation with private medical institutions.
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Although the Shanghai's basic health insurance always takes the leading position nationwide in the aspects of coverage, funding level, security level, etc, it still cannot avoid the contradictory problems brought by the rapidly rising demand for health care, poor results of funds management, etc. Commercial health insurance has its u-nique advantages in terms of funds and personnel management. Therefore, they can play their complementary role to the basic medical insurance in order to improve the basic health insurance system. Based on the perspective of com-mercial health insurances, this paper explores the basic health insurance system in Shanghai from the aspects of man-agement patterns, governing body, insurance objects, funding modalities and insurance programs.
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The evolution of China’s policy on private medical institutions has been ongoing, and a comprehen-sive policy system has been established. In this paper, we review the development history and summarize the main policy points in terms of planning, approval, financial input, supervision and administration, support and incentives. We analyze current policy barriers from three levels:1 ) policy ideas, consensus on the function and role of private medical institutions have not reached, which may influence the corresponding policy making and implementation;(2) policy design, multiple policy bottlenecks still exist, such as lack of flexibility, poor convergence, vague stand-ards and other aspects; 3 ) policy implementation, the health planning polices and equal treatment polices haven’t been carried out, and there are many hidden obstacles. To solve these problems, we recommend that further attention be paid to the importance of private medical institutions;the running mode should be chosen properly; the develop-ment space should be expanded;the classified management policy should be improved; and the supervision and ex-amination of policy implementation on local governments should be intensified.
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Although private hospitals are generally encountering development difficulties, some private non-profit medical institutions thrived in the medical market. These hospitals have rich experiences in terms of manage-ment system, operation mechanism, and competition methods. In this paper, we summarize the experiences of those well-functioning private non-profit hospitals and analyze the essential conditions for developing private non-profit med-ical institutions. These conditions include meeting local health market needs, ensuring that the hospital management system and operation mechanism result in high-quality health services, ensuring hospital development meets local health plans ( in order to obtain policy support) , ensuring the goal of the hospital is public welfare and that the hospital has strong financial support, obtaining certain social and political capital, and ensuring high-quality managers and staff.
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Under the general requirements of China's national health reform, the basic framework of Shanghai's health reform was constructed at five different aspects the long term vision, goal, strategies, measures, supportive reform activities. The general thought of Shanghai's health reform can be concluded into two aspects: first, establishing a basic healthcare system of covering both urban and rural residents universally; second, enhancing the foundation of enabling sustainable health development.