China experts' consensus on preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatments of malocclusions of children / 华西口腔医学杂志

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.

Driver Genes Mutation and Survival Analysis in 200 Patients with Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastasis / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between the driver genes mutation and the survival in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma brain metastasis. Methods We enrolled 200 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma brain metastasis confirmed histologically from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015, and tested EGFR, KRAS, ALK, Her-2 gene mutation, analyzed the relationship between EGFR gene mutation and clinicopathological data and prognosis of the patients.Results The mutation rates of EGFR, KRAS, ALK and Her-2 gene mutation were 48.5％, 5.5％, 6.5％, 3.5％, respectively. Compared with EGFR gene mutation patients, the sex, age, BMI, differentiation were significant different (P＜0.05), however, the smoking was not significant different (P＞0.05). Patients with EGFR gene mutation who received targeted therapy survived longer than who did not receive targeted therapy, (28.0 ±4.5) months vs (11.2 ±1.4) months. By Log Rank (Mantel-Cox), the median survival time between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions The mutation rate of EGFR gene mutation was high in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma brain metastasis, and the patients will survivel longer by targeted therapy.

Three-dimensional bioprinting of tissue/organ analogues: a review on techniques, materials and processes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has a huge potential in the tissue engineering field, which is expected to create simple tissue/organ analogues with good biological histocompatibility and biological functions by using living cells and biomaterials. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of 3D bioprinting technology and all kinds of biomaterials, and to explore its application in the preparation of tissues/organs analogues. METHODS: Relevant articles published from 1998 to 2017 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and WanFang databases. The keywords were "3D bioprinting, 3D bioprinting technology, biomaterial, tissue engineering" in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 88 articles were initially searched and 47 eligible articles were finally reviewed in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3D bioprinting techniques mainly include inkjet technique (thermal inkjet and piezoelectric inkjet), pressure-assisted technique, laser-assisted technique, and stereolithography technique (single-photon-based and two-photon-based). The bio-ink consists of living cells, natural polymers and synthetic polymers. 3D bioprinting has exhibited a huge potential in the manufacture of living cell-containing tissue/organ analogues. Despite the fact that it has been widely studied, currently used 3D bioprinting techniques can only be used to prepare relatively simple structures with simple biological functions. Research on the specific tissue/organ analogues with living cells are still in its infancy.

An HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of trans-ferulic acid in human plasma / 药学学报

In this study, we developed a sensitive and rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of trans-ferulic acid (trans-FA) in plasma samples, and investigated the pharmacokinetics characteristics in healthy volunteers. The plasma samples were extracted with acetic ether, and then separated on a Hedera ODS-2 column with a mobile phase of methanol and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.05% acetic acid (34:66) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1. Electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode using MRM. The method exhibited a good linearity over the concentration range of 0.1-5 ng·mL-1 (r ≥ 0.9992). The values on both the occasions (intra-and inter-day) were all within 9.2%, and the accuracy was 95.4%-111.4%. No matrix effect and carry-over effect were observed. Trans-FA was stable in human plasma under different storage conditions. The developed HPLC-MS/MS method is rapid, sensitive, accurate, and reproducible, and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of trans-FA in healthy Chinese volunteers.

An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of amygdalin and paeoniflorin in human urine and application to urinary excretion study / 药学学报

The study aims to develop an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of amygdalin and paeoniflorin in urine samples, and to investigate their urinary excretion characteristics in healthy volunteers after intravenous infusion administration of Huoxue-Tongluo lyophilized powder for injection (HTLPI). The urine samples were extracted by methanol, and then separated on a Hedera ODS-2 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 5 mmol · L(-1) ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.05% formic acid (20:80). Electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode using MRM. The method exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.03 -40 µg · mL(-1). The values on both the occasions (intra- and inter-day) were all within 15% at three concentration levels. No matrix effect and carry-over effect were observed. Amygdalin and paeoniflorin were stable in human urine under different storage conditions. Approximately 79.6% of the administered amount of amygdalin was excreted unchanged in urine within 24 h and which was 48.4% for paeoniflorin. The developed LC-MS/MS method can be applied to evaluate the urinary excretion of amygdalin and paeoniflorin.

Research progress of the ganoderan antitumor mechanism / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To review mechanism research progress of ganoderan antitumor. METHODS: At the foundation of research literature of domestic and abroad, the different kinds of antitumor mechanism of ganoderan were summaried. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Now, polysaccharides become a research hotspot as antitumor immunomodulator. The study reviewed mechanism of ganoderan antitumor at different fields; elevating the immune function of host, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, anti-oxidant, clearing oxygen radicals, increasing the expression of tumor MHC and costimulatory molecules, inducing tumor cell differentiation. The study also observed the existent problem of ganoderan research.

Analysis of the factors affecting pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the factors affecting pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective cohort study was carried out to analyze the clinical data of 141 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The factors affecting pCR and the changes of tumor receptor status before and after treatment were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among all the 141 patients, 21 patients (14.9%) achieved pCR. The rate of pCR achieved by regimens of anthracycline combined with taxane was higher (16.8%, 19/113) than that by anthracycline-containing regimens (7.1%, 1/14). The dose intensity of anthracycline had a significant correlation with pCR rate (P < 0.05). The pCR rate in the relative dose intensity of taxane ≥ 0.85 arm was higher than that of < 0.85 arm (P = 0.02). Eighty patients (56.7%) had completed more than 4 cycles of chemotherapy and the median time to achieve pCR was 6 (3 to 10) cycles. The pCR rate had a significant difference between patients < 6 and ≥ 6 cycles (7.1% vs. 22.5%,P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size measured by palpation ≤ 5 cm and ≥ 6 chemotherapy cycles were significantly related with pCR rate (P < 0.05). In all the 21 pCR patients, the pre-treatment ER(-), PR(-), HER-2(-) statuses were in 14, 14 and 17 patients, respectively. The status of ER, PR, HER-2 of most patients (74.2%, 69.7% and 87.7%, respectively) was not changed after treatment. Among the patients with changes in receptor status, ER changed from negative to positive was in the majority (37.1%, 13/35 vs. 12.9%, 4/31, P < 0.05), and the percentage of changes in PR and HER-2 status had no significant differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The regimens of anthracycline combined with taxane can achieve a higher pCR rate. The lymph node and receptor status before therapy have no significant correlation with pCR. Patients who have primary tumor size ≤ 5 cm, ≥ 6 chemotherapy cycles and enough dose intensity are easier to achieve pCR. The receptor status before and after therapy should be determined, and according to any positive results, physicians can chose HER-2 targeted therapy and/or endocrine therapy after surgery to benefit the patients.</p>

Transfection of recombinant adenoviral vector with co-expressing keratinocyte growth factor and enhanced green fluorescent protein to murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

To construct the adenoviral vector with co-expressing keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) for transfection into the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the target gene KGF was cloned into the shuttle plasmid with the report gene EGFP, then the recombinant shuttle plasmid was transformed into DH5a bacteria to recombine with backbone vector pAdxsi. Next, the plasmid pAd-EGFP-mKGF was amplified in H293 cells and the viral titer was determined. The MSC were separated and enriched by using bone marrow adherent culture and identified in vitro to observe the efficiency of transfection. The results indicated that the recombinant shuttle plasmid pShuttle-EGFP-mKGF digested with restriction endonucleases was confirmed by two products which length was about 0.6 kb and 5.1 kb, respectively; the recombinant plasmid pAdxsi-EGFP-mKGF digested with restriction endonucleases was confirmed by 7 products; recombinant adenoviral vector Ad-EGFP-mKGF was amplified to titer of 1.6 × 10(10) pfu/ml. At 10 h after transfecting MSC began to express fluorescence at 6 to 8 days later, the fluorescence reached to the peak with infection rate of 92.3, at 28 days the expression of fluorescence was still observed. It is concluded that the recombinant adenoviral vector Ad-EGFP-mKGF is successfully constructed and can transfect MSC effectively and safely.

Experimental study on adipose-derived stem cells combined with acellular dermal matrix particles for vocal fold injection / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) combined with micronized acellular dermal matrix (MADM) for vocal cord injection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The adipose-deprived stem cells were harvested from rabbit adipose tissue in vitro. The 3rd generation of ASC was labeled with DiI (1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) and cultured with MADM to form a complex. The adhesion of ASC to MADM was observed by fluorescence microscope and electron microscope. The proliferation of ASC on MADM was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfonyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS). Three days after the culture, the complex was mixed with appropriate amount of collagen, and then injected into the unilateral vocal cord of the rabbit. The animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 8 weeks after injection, the survival time and distribution of ASC in vocal fold were tested, and the responses of vocal cord to ASC-MADM and the degradation of MADM were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ASC adhered to MADM and grew well (P < 0.05 or < 0.01), showing good compatibility with MADM in vocal cord tissue. The complex of ASC-MADM could be injected into the rabbit vocal cords, while no adverse reactions was observed in the vocal cord by endoscope, frozen section and HE staining. ASC could survive for 8 weeks in vocal cords, and no inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MADM is an ideal scaffold material and shows perfect compatibility with ASC which can adhere and proliferate well on it. The complex of ASC-MADM can be injected into the vocal cord and can survive. There is no adverse reaction in vocal cords.</p>

Roles of enteric nervous system neurotransmitters and interstitial cells of Cajal in the colon in slow transit constipation in rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the roles of enteric nervous system neurotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon in slow transit constipation in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two healthy Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control and constipated groups. In the constipated group, the rats were daily administered with diphenoxylate (8 mg/kg) to develop slow transit constipation, while the control rats were fed with water. The number and the weight of fecal granule and the body weight of rats were recorded every 5 days for 90 days. Transit functions of intestinal movement were examined by an activated charcoal suspension pushing test one week after stopping the administration of diphenoxylate. The levels of NO and SP in the colonic mucosa were measured by nitrate reductase methods and ELISA respectively. The distribution of VIP and ICC positive cells confirmed with symbolic c-kit+ cells in the colonic wall were observed by immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The daily number of fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.01). The mean weight of each fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The discharge time of the first granule of black faeces in the constipated group (430.2+/- 132.1 min) was significantly longer than that in the control group (337.2+/- 74.7 min; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in NO and SP levels and the density of VIP positive cells in the distal colonic segment between the two groups. The number of c-kit+ cells in the distal colonic wall in the constipated group was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The reduction of ICC number in the distal colon may be contributed to the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation in rats.</p>

Comparison of response evaluation methods of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficiency of response evaluation by clinical examination, ultrasonograghy and mammography in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 141 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Response evaluation was performed by clinical palpation, ultrasound and mammography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Only 12 (8.5%) among the 141 patients presented with a stage I tumor. The tumor size determined by palpation was often larger than that by ultrasound before therapy (P < 0.01). Among patients with suspicions axillary nodes checked by ultrasound, 88.3% (53/60) of them had positive nodes by pathology before NAC, and 34.5% (10/29) of patients with negative nodes determined by ultrasound had positive nodes by pathology. In all the 141 patients, 21(14.9%) showed pathological complete remission in both the primary tumor and lymph node. For response evaluation, the false complete remission rate judged by clinical examination was 46.8% (22/47), and the false tumor residual rate by ultrasound was 84.0% (21/25). In 53.5% (23/43) of patients the response could not be assessed by mammography due to that the tumors were undistinguishable in size. The range of microcalcification was not reduced in 5 patients with a partial response of the tumor. 25 patients experienced needle puncture during therapy. Among them, in the 9 pathologically negative patients, only 3 achieved pCR, and the other 16 positive patients didn't achieve pCR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using the puncture or sentinel lymph node biopsy, clinicians should pay enough emphasis on the pathological determination of the node status before chemotherapy. Clinicians will make a quite of false judgment of the tumor by clinical examination, ultrasound or mammography. They may use needle puncture during therapy to evaluate the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the result should be analyzed synthetically.</p>

Study of mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness in subjects with different facial skeletal types / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association of vertical facial skeletal types and sagittal facial skeletal types with anterior alveolar bone thickness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among 168 cases with malocclusion in early permanent dentition stage, 93 patients were male and 75 patients were female. All patients (aged 10-14 years) were divided into 9 groups by different facial skeletal types, mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness in patients' lateral cephalometric films were measured. ANOVA were performed to measurement results with the SPSS 13.0 statistical software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Though sagittal facial skeletal types were the same, there were significant differences between different vertical facial types groups. The order was low-angle group, average-angle group and high-angle group according to the size. A high-angle individual often had a thin anterior alveolar bone while a low-angle individual often had the opposite morphology character. There was no statistical significance between skeletal type I, II and III. But group of skeletal type III also had a thin alveolar bone thickness which had no significant difference with high-angle group. Low-angle group III had no significant difference with average-angle group I and II in alveolar bone thickness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sagittal facial skeletal types have little influence on anterior alveolar morphology, but the vertical facial skeletal types have strong connection with anterior alveolar bone thickness.</p>

Generation of selectable marker-free and vector backbone sequence-free Xa21 transgenic rice / 生物工程学报

The dominant gene Xa21 with broad-spectrum and high resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was transferred into C418, an important restorer line of japonica hybrid rice in China using double right-border (DRB) T-DNA binary vector through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. 17 transgenic lines were Xa21-positive with high resistance to the race P6 of Xoo through PCR analysis and resistance identification, among the total 27 independent primary transformants (T0) obtained. The subsequent analysis of the T1 progenies of these 17 T0 lines through PCR-assisted selection and resistance investigation showed that four Xa21 transgenic T0 lines could produce selectable marker-free (SMF) progenies. The frequency of primary transformants producing SMF progenies was 15%. In addition, PCR analysis also revealed these SMF progenies did not contain vector backbone sequence, and they were named as SMF and vector backbone sequence-free (SMF-VBSF) Xa21 transgenic plants. The further molecular and phenotypic analysis of the T2 and T3 progenies testified the homozygous SMF-VBSF Xa21 transgenic plants were obtained with high resistance to Xoo.

Expression of c-erbB2 protein and its relation to prognosis in 284 primary breast cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of oncoprotein c-erbB2 in primary breast cancer and to analyze its relation to its prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical staining for c-erbB2 was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of primary breast cancer from 284 patients, and the relation to its prognosis was statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive expression rate of c-erbB2 was 26.8% (76/284) in 284 primary breast cancer patients. Expression of c-erbB2 was positively correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003). Univariate analysis indicated that c-erbB2 expression is a significant prognostic factor for the disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.024) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.002), while multivariate analysis demonstrated that c-erbB2 is an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.023). Moreover, tumors with c-erbB2 positive expression are more tend to metastasis to other viscera than those with c-erbB2 negative. c-erbB2 expression has different prognostic values for patients with different status of estrogen receptor (ER) and lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>c-erbB2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for total survival time in primary breast cancer patients, and its prognostic values are different according to the different ER status and lymph node metastasis.</p>

Comparision of HER2/neu oncogene detected by chromogenic in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in breast cancer / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through comparison of HER2/neu oncogene detected by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer, to explore the effect of CISH on detecting gene amplification of HER2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Selected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast samples whose pathological types were infiltrating ductal carcinomas (255 retrospective samples, 271 prospective samples), and these samples were detected by IHC and CISH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In the retrospective study, CISH identified gene amplification in 91.6% of IHC score 3+ tumors (120/131) and in 56.5% of IHC score 2+ tumors (39/69), thus the concordant ratio between IHC and CISH was 81.2% (207/255). The two results showed significant correlation (P<0.01). (2) In the prospective study, the ratio of HER2 protein over expression detected by IHC was 31.7%, the ratio of HER2 gene amplification detected by CISH was 27.3%. CISH identified gene amplification in 91.4% of IHC score 3+ tumors (53/58) and in 46.4% of IHC score 2+ tumors (13/28), Concordant ratio between IHC and CISH was 89.7% (243/271). Two results showed significant correlation (P<0.01). (3) Paired CISH/FISH results were concordant in 14 of 15 cases. The remaining case was detected by FISH, but showed no HER2 gene amplification by CISH. (4) The gene amplification by CISH had a significantly reverse correlation with ER and PR expression (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of HER2 gene amplification detected by CISH have high concordance with the results detectd by IHC and FISH. CISH is a novel technique for detecting HER2 gene amplification.</p>

Combined orthodontic-orthoganthic surgery to treat asymmetric mandibular excess malocclusions / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of asymmetric mandibular excess malocclusions and to discuss the procedures of combined orthodontic-orthonganthic surgery treatments of asymmetric mandibular excess malocclusions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>25 cases treated by combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatments were reviewed to find out the specialties of this kind of therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The asymmetric of mandible presents anterior and posterior teeth tipped both sagitally and horizontally, as well as upper and lower jaws incompatibility. The pre-surgical orthodontic treatments included decomposition of anterior and posterior teeth, leveling and aligning the teeth etc. The post-surgical orthodontic treatments were to detail the occlusions. The patients all got functional and aesthetic good results after the combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatments.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The asymmetric mandibular excess affects the harmony of the face badly, and the correction of it must be carried out by the combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatments. The pre- and post-surgical orthodontic treatments are the key stages to make the skeletal corrections stable.</p>

Breeding of High Streptolydigin-Producing Strain by Complex Mutagenesis and Resistance Selection / 微生物学通报

A high Streptolydigin-producing strain Streptomyces lydicus AS 4.2501-L8 with genetic stability was obtained from the original strain S. lydicus AS 4.2501-P28 by mutagenesis with UV and acridine orange, followed by resistance selection. Its yield of Streptolydigin was 177.0 ?g/mL, 96.2% higher than the original strain.