Phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance on nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from healthy people / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular nature related to the resistance on macrolides from nasal Staphylococcus (S.) aureus isolates among healthy people.Methods A total of 100 S.aureus isolates collected from 2009 to 2011 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by E-test.Double disc test (D-test) was used to detect the inducible clindamycin resistance.All S.aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing.Macrolides resistance genes were detected and compared with isolates that were collected clinically or from the livestock.Results High resistance rates on erythromycin or clindamycin was noticed,with 52％ and 27％,respectively.Inducible clindamycin resistance was identified in 29 of the 100 (29％) isolates.In total,the 100 isolates were assigned to 35 spa types.The most common spa types were found to be t189,t571,t002,t796,t437,t034 and t701,that accounted for 51.0％ of all the isolates.erm (C) (57.7％) and erm (B) (34.6％) were found as the dominant genes in 52 S.aureus isolates from healthy people.On the other hand,erm (A) and erm (C) were identified in 95.0％ S.aureus isolates from patients and all the livestock,respectively.Conclusion erm (C) and erm (B) carrying S.aureus strains were circulating in healthy people and these genes were distributed in different S.aureus clones.

Serologic studies of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever in Bachu county, 2001 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the situation of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever (XHF) in patients who have been diagnosed as XHF by clinical methods and to predict the condition in people who were liable to infection and in the host-animals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sera collected from XHF patients and some peasants under the risk of contracting the disease, followed by checking the specific antibody against XHF with IgG-ELISA and IgM capture ELISA, and XHF viral antigen with antigen capture ELISA. In addition, 80 sheep/goats serums were collected from two places where there were more XHF cases and specific IgG antibody against XHF checked by ELISA method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive rate of IgG and IgM antibodies were 39.62% (21/53) and 20.75% (11/53) respectively in the serums of patients; one patient's serum showed XHFV antigen positive by antigen capture ELISA. IgG antibody positive rate for peasants' sera was 21.05% (4/19), but IgM antibody detection showed negative for all sera. In sera from 80 sheep and goats, 70% (56/80) showed IgG positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results showed that XHF broke out in Bachu county from April to June 2001 while recessive infection of the disease remained serious.</p>

Analysis on the present situation of human rabies epidemic in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective　To summarize and analyze human rabies epidemic situation in the last five years in China and to explore the possible factors causing the rising of epidemics to provide reference for the prevention and control of rabies in the future. Methods　Collecting and analyzing data of rabies epidemics in the last five years in whole nation. Results　Human rabies is continuing going up in the last five years in China with an increase of 44.65%, 1.74% and 45.93% in 1997, 1998, 1999. Human rabies incidence was also seen an increase from 0.013　4/100 000 in 1996 to 0.027　08/100 000 in 1999. The provinces of rabies increase were mainly located in south China. Among them, Jiangsu province reported 40 human cases in 1999, which increased 207.69% than the corresponding period in 1998. The cases in these high epidemic provinces took up 75% of the whole nation's cases. Number of reported rabies case was also rising. Conclusion　Facts as increasing number of dog raising, having not been injected with rabies vaccine and antirabies serum timely or full course after exposure, unstrictly controlling the quality of rabies vaccine as well as lacking good cooperation in different official department on rabies control might serve as factors responsible for the recurrent increase of human rabies.

Analysis on the present situation of human rabies epidemic in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective　To summarize and analyze human rabies epidemic situation in the last five years in China and to explore the possible factors causing the rising of epidemics to provide reference for the prevention and control of rabies in the future. Methods　Collecting and analyzing data of rabies epidemics in the last five years in whole nation. Results　Human rabies is continuing going up in the last five years in China with an increase of 44.65%, 1.74% and 45.93% in 1997, 1998, 1999. Human rabies incidence was also seen an increase from 0.013　4/100 000 in 1996 to 0.027　08/100 000 in 1999. The provinces of rabies increase were mainly located in south China. Among them, Jiangsu province reported 40 human cases in 1999, which increased 207.69% than the corresponding period in 1998. The cases in these high epidemic provinces took up 75% of the whole nation's cases. Number of reported rabies case was also rising. Conclusion　Facts as increasing number of dog raising, having not been injected with rabies vaccine and antirabies serum timely or full course after exposure, unstrictly controlling the quality of rabies vaccine as well as lacking good cooperation in different official department on rabies control might serve as factors responsible for the recurrent increase of human rabies.