Advances on the impact of targeted temperature management on sepsis / 中国小儿急救医学

Targeted temperature management mainly affects the progression of sepsis by inhibiting inflammatory response, protecting mitochondrial function and reducing metabolism, which can improve survival, the prognosis and outcome of sepsis to some extent.Targeted temperature management has a positive impact on the occurrence and development of sepsis, which may be an adjuvant treatment method of sepsis.This review summarized the mechanism studies on the impact of targeted temperature management on sepsis in recent years, and summarized the existing problems, so as to provide reference for carrying out practical research on targeted temperature management for patients with sepsis.

Herbal Textual Research on Ethno Medicine Salviae Yunnanensis Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting literatures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), comparing data about the morphological description of several species from genus of Salvia, and combining the biological studies in resources,this paper made a textual research for the origin,name,medicinal history,functional dominance and folk application Salviae Yunnanensis Radix. This study aimed to provide a reference for further studies and utilization of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix. The findings revealed that the origin of Zidanshen recorded in ancient Chinese herbal literatures was S. yunnanensis,which were widely used for amenorrhea,dysmenorrhea,irregular menstruation,tumescent pain,limb numbness and many kinds of blood stasis. Relevant clinical application and modern pharmacological evidences of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix are mutually supportive,which indicates that TCM based on clinical experience has a high development value. The herbal literatures revealed that Salviae Yunnanensia Radix has a high research and development value in gynecology,blood stasis and other fields. We shall fully excavate folk experience in clinical application of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix. On this basis, we shall further strengthen relevant researches on material basis,pharmacodynamics and mechanism,in order to promote the utilization of resources and product development of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix.

Analysis of lipophilic components of Salvia miltiorrhiza roots and S. yunnanensis roots by UPLC and LC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

Fingerprints of lipophilic components in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and S.yunnanensis were analyzed by UPLC-DADand UPLC coupled with mass spectroscopy to evaluate the differences and similarities of the lipophilic components in the two kinds of herbs.The UPLC analysis of 18 batches of S.miltiorrhiza and 16 batches of S.yunnanensis was performed on a 25℃Thermo Accucore C_(18)column(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.6μm)by Shimadzu LC-20AD;mobile phase was 0.026%phosphoric acid(A)-acetonitrile(B)with gradient elution;flow rate was 0.4 m L·min~(-1);detection wavelength was set at 270 nm;injection volume was 2μL.The molecular structures of the lipophilic components were analyzed on a 25℃Thermo Accucore C_(18)column(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.6μm)by Thermo U3000 UPLC Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS/MS with a mobile phaseconsisting of 0.1%formic acid water(A)and 0.1%formic acidacetonitrile(B).The mass spectrometry was acquired in positive modes using ESI.There are 10 common peaks in the lipophilic components of S.miltiorrhiza.The similarity between the 16 batches of S.miltiorrhiza and their own reference spectra was greater than 0.942,and the average similarity was 0.973.There are 12 common peaks in the lipophilic components of S.yunnanensis.The similarity between the 18 batches of S.yunnanensis and their own reference spectra was greater than 0.937,and the average similarity was 0.976.The similarity between the reference chromatograms of S.miltiorrhiza and S.yunnanensis was only 0.900.There are three lipophilic components in S.yunnanensis,which are not found in S.miltiorrhiza,and one of which isα-lapachone.There is a lipophilic component in S.miltiorrhiza not found in S.yunnanensis,which may be miltirone.The two herbs contain 8 common lipophilic components including dihydrotanshinoneⅠ,cryptotanshinone,tanshinoneⅠ,tanshinoneⅡ_A,nortanshinone in which the content of tanshinoneⅡ_A,dihydrotanshinoneⅠand cryptotanshinone of S.yunnanensisis significantly lower than that of S.miltiorrhiza(P<0.01),and the contents of tanshinoneⅠand nortanshinone are significantly lower than that of S.miltiorrhiza too(P<0.05).There are significant differences in the types and contents of lipophilic components between the roots of S.miltiorrhiza and S.yunnanensis,and the similarity between the fingerprints of interspecies is much lower than that between the same species.Therefore,the roots of S.miltiorrhiza and S.yunnanensis are two kinds of herbs which are quite different in chemical compounds and compositions.

Study on the Metabolic Characteristics of Piperitylmagnolol in Different Species of Liver Microsomes by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for the determination of piperitylmagnolol in the incubation system of liver microsomes， and to investigate the metabolic characteristics of it in different species of liver microsomes. METHODS： The piperitylmagnolol were respectively dissolved in NADPH activated liver microsome incubation systems of human， rat， mouse， monkey and dog， and then incubated in water at 37 ℃. The reaction was terminated with methanol at 0， 2， 5， 10， 15， 20， 30， 45 and 60 minutes of incubation， respectively. Using magnolol as internal standard， UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the concentration of piperitylmagnolol in the incubation system. The determination was performed on Acquity UPLCTM CSH C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid-methanol （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃， and the sample size was 2 μL. The ion source was electrospray ion source， and the positive ion scanning was carried out in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The ion pairs used for quantitative analysis were m/z 401.2→331.1 （piperitylmagnolol） and m/z 265.1→247.0 （internal standard）， respectively. Using the concentration of piperitylmagnolol at 0 min of incubation as a reference， the residual percentage， metabolism half-life in vitro （t1/2） and intrinsic clearance （CLint） were calculated for different incubation systems. The metabolic pathway of piperitylmagnolol was studied by chemical inhibitor method. Under the above chromatographic conditions， the metabolites in vitro were preliminarily analyzed by first-order full scanning and positive ion detection. RESULTS： The linear range of piperitylmagnolol was 3.91-500.00 ng/mL. The limit of quantitation was 3.91 ng/mL. RSDs of intra-day and inter-day were less than 10％. The accuracy ranged 87.40％-103.75％. Matrix effect didn’t affect the determination of the substance to be measured. The piperitylmagnolol was metabolized significantly in human， rat， mouse and dog liver microsomes， but not in monkey liver microsomes. After incubating for 30 min， residual percentage of piperitylmagnolol kept stable in different species of liver microsomes. The t1/2 of piperitylmagnolol were 12.07， 17.68， 17.59， 216.56 and 61.88 min in human， rat， mouse， monkey and dog liver microsomes； CLint were 0.115， 0.078， 0.079， 0.006， 0.022 mL/（min·mg）， respectively. Inhibitory rates of CYP2A6， CYP2D6， CYP2C19， CYP3A4， CYP2C9， CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 to compound metabolism were 55.76％， 93.94％， 96.01％， 93.69％， 71.81％， 23.25％， 28.04％， respectively. Quasi-molecular ion peaks of the two main metabolites of piperitylmagnolol in human liver microsomes were m/z 441.2（[M+Na]+） and m/z 337.2（[M+H]+）， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： Established UPLC-MS/MS method is simple， rapid and specific， and can be used for the determination of piperitylmagnolol concentration in the incubation system of liver microsomes and pharmacokinetic study. The metabolic characteristics of the compound are different among liver microsomes of human， rat， mouse， monkey and dog. Its metabolism process may be associated with CYP2D6， CYP2C19， CYP3A4， CYP2C9， etc.

The value of establishment of virtual stent model for preoperative simulation in TIPS treatment / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To establish virtual three-dimensional models of interventional devices and individualized surgical area structure in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)treatment,and to explore the value of virtual models for preoperative simulation in TIPS treatment.Methods Thin slice scan data of 8 patients with supine upper abdomen were obtained,three dimensional structures of bone,liver,portal vein,inferior vena cava and hepatic vein in CT scan area were reconstructed in Mimics software.According to the size of interventional instruments,a virtual RUPS-100 puncture kit and an VIATORR stent were established in 3D MAX software. Computer simulations were performed to evaluate the route from the hepatic vein puncture portal vein using the RUPS-100 puncture kit and VIATORR stent release position.Results ①The establishment of individual three-dimensional model of patients was helpful for doctors to understand the spatial relation of hepatic vein and portal vein.②Through simulation,the puncture parameters of multi angle and multi position are obtained,which was helpful for the doctor to adjust the puncture direction according to the puncture point.③The position of the bare segment of the VIATORR stent in the portal vein was obtained by simulation,which was helpful for evaluating the length of the stent.④The preoperative simulation results included the simulation parameters for each patient puncture into left portal vein,right portal vein and portal vein bifurcation.In the actual operation,we punctured into the portal vein bifurcation in 4 cases,into the right branch in 2 cases and into the left in 2 cases.⑤Preoperative simulations were performed using 8 mm×6 cm×2 cm size VIATORR stent.Howere,the actual operation of the first case was lack of experience,and the stent position was lower,then we released a bare stent at the proximal end of the VIATORR stent.The rest of the cases were the same as the simulation results.Conclusion According to the three-dimensional model of the individual structure of the patient,the preoperative simulations have high fidelity.The simulation results of the parameters of the puncture and the release position of the stent could guide the actual operation more accurately.It is of practical value to improve the success rate of operation and to train residents.

Wogonoside reverses cisplatin resistance in SGC7901/cDDP cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wogonoside (WGS) on the cisplatin (cDDP) resistance in human gastric carcinoma SGC7901/cDDP cells and its possible mechanism. The drug-resistant SGC7901/cDDP cells were established by stepwise exposure to cDDP. CCK-8 assay was employed to detect the cytotoxic effect of WGS and cDDP on SGC7901/cDDP cells, and the combined effect of WGS and cDDP was analyzed by Chou-Talalay method. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene was knocked down by using the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) approach. The protein levels of Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S transferase-π (GST-π), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), cleaved Capase-3, p-Akt and Akt were detected by Western blotting. The result showed that after various concentrations of WGS and/or cDDP treatment for 48 h, the cell viability was remarkably reduced in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). When the inhibition rate exceeded 16%, the combination of WGS and cDDP produced a synergistic effect. The protein levels of p-Akt, Nrf2 and MRP1 in SGC7901/cDDP cells were higher than those in SGC7901 cells (P < 0.05). WGS and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) both remarkably decreased the phosphorylation level of Akt (P < 0.05), down-regulated the protein level of Nrf2 (P < 0.05), increased the content of ROS (P < 0.05), up-regulated the protein level of cleaved Caspase-3 (P < 0.05), and induced apoptosis (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) decreased apoptosis and oxidative stress reaction induced by WGS (P < 0.05). WGS and Nrf2 gene silencing both down-regulated the protein levels of NQO1, GST-π and MRP1 (P < 0.05). These results suggest that WGS may reverse cDDP resistance in SGC7901/cDDP cells through blocking the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thus enhancing the cytotoxicity of cDDP and inducing oxidative stress reaction and apoptosis.

Research Progress on Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Development and Regeneration / 胃肠病学

Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),the pluripotent cells,exist between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic epithelial cells. Activated HSCs transform to myofibroblast-like cells,start to proliferate,and de novo express some proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes,which promote hepatic fibrogenesis. Previous studies mainly focused on the relationship between HSCs and liver fibrosis,however,recent studies indicate that HSCs are essential for proliferation, differentiation and maturation of various liver cells in the process of liver development and regeneration. This review systematically summarized the source,developmental regulation and function of HSCs,and focused on progress of recent studies on the role of HSCs in liver development and regeneration. The novel knowledge of HSCs may provide clues for treatment of liver diseases.

Diagnostic efficacy of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT and 18F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT for solitary pulmonary nodules: a comparative study / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the diagnostic accuracy of (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT and (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT for solitary pulmonary nodules.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 88 cases suspected of solitary pulmonary nodules were analyzed retrospectively, of whom 36 were examined with (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and 52 with (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT. The nature of the solitary pulmonary nodules (malignant or benign) were determined according to the pathological or follow-up (>2 years) results. The diagnostic accuracy of the two modalities for solitary pulmonary nodules was evaluated by ROC curve. The correlation of the lesion size and pathological grade determined by the two modalities with the L/N ratio was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT showed a similar area under curve (AUC) of the L/N ratio (0.92 vs 0.88, P=0.565) with diagnostic sensitivities of 76.92% (20/26) and 80.77% (21/26) and specificities of 100% (10/10) and 88.46% (23/26), respectively. For solitary pulmonary nodules with lesion diameter ≤2 cm, the AUC was 1.00 with (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and 0.90 with (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT (P=0.746), while for nodules beyond 2 cm but below 3 cm, the AUCs were 0.79 and 0.89, respectively (P<0.001). In either of the two modalities, correlation analysis revealed no correlation of the L/N ratio with the pathological grade of the malignant lesions (P=0.771 and 0.077, respectively). The L/N ratio was not correlated with the size of the malignant lesion detected by (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT (P=0.516) but was significantly correlated with the size of the malignant lesions detected by (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT (P=0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT has a greater diagnostic accuracy than (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT for solitary pulmonary nodules with lesion a diameter beyond 2 cm, and is therefore the primary choice for low-income patients.</p>

Effect of mild hypothermia on intestinal bacterial translocation / 中国小儿急救医学

Normal flora of intestine can transit under several clinical conditions,which may result in bacterial translocation and lead to various dysfunctions.Mild hypothermia,as an effective therapeutic method,not only has protective effects on vital organs such as heart and brain,but also impacts bacterial translocation,including intestinal mucosal blood flow,intestinal permeability,production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines.This paper reviewed the researches on the effect of mild hypothermia on intestinal bacterial translocation in recent years.

Impact and Clinical Predictors of Lymph Node Metastases in Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The optimal surgical management of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) is still controversial. Here, we evaluated the impact of lymph node status on postoperative recurrence in patients with NF-PNET and the potential of preoperative variables for predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this mono-institutional retrospective cohort study conducted in 100 consecutive patients who underwent NF-PNET resection between January 2004 and December 2014, we evaluated risk factors for survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression model. Predictors of LNM were evaluated using the logistic regression model, and the power of predictive models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five-year disease-free survival of resected NF-PNET was 64.1%. LNM was independently associated with postoperative recurrence (hazard ratio = 3.995, P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed tumor grade as an independent factor associated with LNM (G2 vs. G1: odds ratio [OR] =6.287, P = 0.008; G3 vs. G1: OR = 12.407, P = 0.001). When tumor grade was excluded, radiological tumor diameter >2.5 cm (OR = 5.430, P = 0.013) and presence of symptoms (OR = 3.366, P = 0.039) were significantly associated with LNM. Compared to neoplasms with radiological diameter >2.5 cm (32.1%), tumors ≤2.5 cm had an obviously lower risk of LNM (7.7%), indicating the reliability of this parameter in predicting LNM (area under the curve, 0.693). Incidentally discovered NF-PNETs ≤2.5 cm were associated with a low-risk of LNM and excellent survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LNM is significantly associated with postoperative recurrence. Radiological tumor diameter is a reliable predictor of LNM in NF-PNETs. Our results indicate that lymphadenectomy in small (≤2.5 cm) NF-PNETs is not routinely necessary.</p>

Mechanism of sophocarpine in treating experimental colitis in mice / 中国中药杂志

To study the preventive effect of sophocarpine (Soc) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, in order to analyze the influence of Soc on toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and janus tyrosine kinase 2 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signal pathways in mice intestinal tissues. The mice was given 2.5% DSS for 6 days to induce the acute colitis model. The Soc-treated group was intraperitoneally injected with sophocarpine 30 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) since the day before the experiment to the end. The disease activity index (DAI) was assessed everyday, and the colonic morphology and histological damage were observed with HE staining. The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. The changes in key protein kinase p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase1/2 (JNK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), JAK2, STAT3 in TLR4/MAPKs and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways were detected by western blot. The result showed that the model group showed statistical significance in body weight, DAI, colon length and histopathological changes compared with the normal group (P <0.05); however, the Soc-treated group showed significant improvements in the above indexes compared with the model group (P <0.05). TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05), but lowered in the Soc-treated group to varying degrees (P <0.05). In the normal group, the expressions of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of P38, JNK1/2, JAK2, STAT3 were at low levels; in the model group, the phosphorylation of P38, JNK1/2, JAK2, STAT3 increased; the Soc-treated group showed a decrease in TLR4 expression compared with the model group, with notable declines in the phosphorylation of TLR4, P38, JNK1/2, JAK2, STAT3. These findings indicate that Soc can inhibit TLR4/MAPKs, K2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation, reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and relieve inflammatory reactions, so as to effectively prevent experimental colitis.

Advances in Study on Liver Regeneration / 胃肠病学

One of the most important characteristics of adult liver is its regenerative ability to maintain its original mass and function after injury. With remarkable self-replication ability, hepatocytes play a critical role in liver regeneration. When there is a restriction in the proliferation capacity and/ or a massive loss of mature hepatocytes,other cells in liver can contribute to liver regeneration in different ways. Deep study on the effects and mechanisms of various hepatic cells’contribution to liver regeneration is helpful for increasing the understanding about liver regeneration and providing new insights for diagnosis and management of various advanced liver diseases.

Alcohol-induced proliferation of neurons in mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus: a possible role of ceramide / 生理学报

To investigate the role and mechanism of ceramide (Cer) regulation in alcohol-induced neuronal proliferation and the newborn neurons formation, we used sphingomyelin synthase 2 (predominant enzyme of Cer metabolism) knockout (SMS2(-/-)) and wild type (WT) female mice to establish the model of prenatal alcohol exposure. In 24 h after being given birth (postnatal day 0, P0), the offspring of model mice received blood sphingomyelin (SM) measurement with enzymatic method. On P0, P7, P14 and P30, the proliferation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus and newborn neurons were investigated with immunofluorescent labeling. The expression of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in the hippocampus was tested with Western blot analysis. The results showed that the SM level of blood in SMS2(-/-) pups was significantly lower than that in WT pups. No matter in SMS2(-/-) or WT mice, the prenatal alcohol exposure down-regulated the SM levels in pups with dose-dependency. In both SMS2(-/-) and WT pups, the number of proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus gradually decreased with the growing age. Compared with the WT pups, SMS2(-/-) pups showed significantly more proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. Notably, prenatal alcohol exposure dose-dependently increased proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus in both WT and SMS2(-/-) pups. The hippocampal expression of PKCα protein in SMS2(-/-) mice was lower than that in WT mice, and prenatal alcohol exposure could up-regulate the PKCα protein expression in both WT and SMS2(-/-) mice with dose dependency. These results suggest that alcohol exposure during pregnancy can induce the compensatory neural cell proliferation and the production of newborn neurons in offspring, and the Cer-ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) pathway is involved in alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation. The activation of PKCα may be a key step to start the Cer-C1P pathway and up-regulate the alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation and the newborn neurons formation.

The analysis of pancreatic fistula in middle segmental pancreatic resection / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the influence of pancreatic fistula in middle segmental pancreatic resection and summarize the experience in dealing with the stump.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 40 cases undergoing middle pancreatectomy were reviewed retrospectively to analyze the curative effect and pancreatic fistula between April 2003 and December 2009. Of these, 36 patients with benign cases outcomes were compared with 2 separate control groups, 44 pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and 26 extended distal pancreatectomy (EDP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operating time of group MSP was 222 min, which was significantly shorter than that of group PD. The mean blood loss of group MSP was 316 ml, which was less than that of others. Otherwise, the postoperative nutritional status and blood sugar control in group MSP was superior to the other 2 groups. Through long-term follow-up, the patients in group MSP retained endocrine and exocrine function better. Only 1 patient developed new-onset diabetes mellitus after operation, and no patient required enzyme substitution. No lesion recurred. The rate of pancreatic fistula was highest (42%), but didn't result in the significant deference of overall discharge time with group PD and EDP. The pancreatic fistula level and the mean postoperative time in hospital didn't differ significantly from the other 2 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Middle segmental pancreatectomy is a safe and feasible technique that is indicated for selected patients with benign or low malignant lesion in the neck and body of the pancreas. Though the rate of pancreatic fistula is higher, the risk of which is reduced by the marked curative effect. It is very important to deal with the stump reasonably.</p>

Development of clinical application and experimental reseach on prescription biejiajian wan / 中国中药杂志

We reviewed the modern development of clinical application and experimental reseach on the prescription Biejiajian Wan (BJ), which are the basement that we will study its anti-renal fibrosis. At present, the prescription BJ is mainly applied to the treatment of chronic heptic desease. Its experimental reseach is mainly confined to the studing of anti-heptic fibrosi. Refering the scientific and technological result of anti-heptic fibrosis, we think the prescription BJ would have the effection of anti-renal fibrosis on the basis of theory of planning treatment according to diagnosis. But it has not been reported to the prescription BJ on the clinical and experimental reseach on anti-renal fibrosis. Therefore, it is very important to take on clinical reseach of the prescription BJ and discuss the effecting mechanism of anti-renal fibrosis from the level of integration, cell and molecule, which will help to enlarge the clinical application of the prescription Biejiajianwan and explained the essence of "persistent diseases injuring collateral branch of large channel" in traditional Chinese medicine.

Cytokine Gene Polymorphism and Organ Transplantation / 上海第二医科大学学报

The cytokines have close relationship with the rejection and infection in organ transplantation.The cytokine gene polymorphism influences the secretion of cytokines.The relationship between the rejection and infection in organ transplantation and some cytokines gene polymorphism is reviewed in this article.

Analysis of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genetic polymorphism in Chinese Han population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the genetic polymorphism of DC-SIGN's and DC-SIGNR's neck regions in normal Chinese Han population, and to obtain the genetic data of the two loci in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotypes and alleles of repeat sequences of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR neck region were typed by PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of DC-SIGNR was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DC-SIGN genetic polymorphism was rare. Allele 7 was most and its frequency was 0.9808. 4-, 5-, 6- and 8- alleles were also found, although their frequencies were very low. Caucasians had only 6- and 8- allele mutants; DC-SIGNR genetic polymorphism was high, its PIC was 0.5312, 4-,5-,6-,7-,8-,9- alleles and 16 genotypes were found in normal Chinese Han population. The differences of 6/5,7/4,7/5,7/6,7/7,9/5,9/7,9/9 genotypes distribution and 5-,6-,7-,9- alleles frequency between normal Chinese Han population and Caucasian population were all extremely distinct (P<0.01). The inserted mutation seemed more in Chinese Hans than Caucasian population.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genotypes and alleles distribution in Chinese Han population are significantly different from Caucasian population and with Chinese own population genetic characteristics, compared with Caucasians.</p>

The protective effect of heat shock protein 72 by Doxorubicin in cold ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat liver / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe induction of heat shock reaction by pretreatment of Doxorubicin (DXR) in long-term cold preservation-reperfusion injury of the rat liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were administered intravenously by DXR at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight in DXR group and by saline in control group. After 48 hours, the rat liver was perfused by using cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions and was preserved in UW solution at 4 degrees C for 48 hours. Recipient liver was perfused for 1 and 3 hours after orthotopic liver transplantation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) mRNA, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) mRNA was measured by RT-PCR and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by Western blot. The serum levels of TNF-alpha, CINC, MIP-2 by ELISA and AST were measured. The survival rate of 7 days was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TNF-alpha mRNA, CINC mRNA and MIP-2 mRNA was stronger in control group than in DXR group. HSP72 was expressed in SA group but not in control group and oppositely NF-kappaB was expressed in control group but not in DXR group. Serum AST, TNF-alpha, CINC and MIP-2 concentrations were significantly lower in DXR group than in control group (P < 0.05). The survival rate of 7 days was significantly higher in DXR group than in control group (50% vs. 0%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These data suggested that long-term cold ischemia-reperfusion injury was attenuated in liver graft with pretreatment of DXR. The induction of HSP72 may offer protection to hepatocytes by restraining the activation of NF-kappaB and inflammation.</p>

Specific inhibition of Raf-1 gene expression in HNE1 by RNA interference / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To silence the expression of Raf-1 gene in HNE1 cells using vector-based RNA interference (RNAi) technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The vector containing the human U6 promoter was used for targeted gene silencing when a dsDNA oligonucleotide encoding an appropriate shRNA was ligated into the vector, and 67nt oligonucleotide fragment was inserted into the downstream of the U6 promoter. Plasmids containing different Raf-1 target sequences [ (1) pshuttle-Raf-1-a( 225), (2) pshattle-Raf-1-b ( 358) and (3) pshuttle-Raf-1-c(474)], were transfected into HNE1 cells. Expression of Raf-1 mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR. Apoptosis were determined by cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Vector-based RNAi had advantages over antisense RNA because it could be delivered to the target cell more efficiently, and effect could last longer. Raf-1 expression could be inhibited by plasmid-expressed shRNA. Three different targeting sequences were selected from Raf-1 gene, and the inhibitory effect of pSIREN shuttle-Raf-1-b (358) was biggest.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Raf-1 expression in HNE1 cells can be inhibited significantly using plasmid-based RNAi.</p>

Clinical Experience of Liver Retransplantation in 8 Patients / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in liver retransplantation. Methods From June 2002 to December 2005,a total of 185 cases of liver transplantation were performed in our hospital,including 8 cases of retransplantation.Those clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results The rate of liver retransplantation was 4.32%.The average MELD scores before primary transplantation and retransplantation were 15.6 and 23.9,respectively.The average interval between primary transplantation and retransplantation was 316 days(78~725 days).Causes of retransplantation included 3 cases of biliary complications,2 cases of chronic rejection,1 case of hepatic artery thrombosis,1 case of acute rejection and 1 case of recurrence of hepatitis B.The former 3 cases died of severe infection combined with multiple organ failure 101,16 and 28 days after retransplantation.The latter 5 cases recovered smoothly,and have survived 27,12,8,4 and 3 months up to now. Conclusion Liver retransplantation is an effective way to save the patient with hepatic allograft failure.Good knowledge of the indications of retransplantation,careful selection of the operation time,excellent surgical skills and meticulous postoperative management will contribute to the success of liver retransplantation.