Screening tests and managements of glucolipid metabolic disorders in PCOS / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one ofthe most common endocrine disorders in women,whichis associated with metabolic abnormalities and long-term complications including diabetes and cardiovas-cular diseases.When diagnosed with PCOS,patientsneed to undergo screening tests on glycolipid metab-olism in time,in order to conduct early intervention toreduce the cardiovascular and diabetic risk.Manage-ments of glycolipid metabolic disorders in PCOS shouldbe based on the characteristics of different phenotypesand patients' needs in order to perform individualtreatments.

Effect of endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration on pregnancy outcome in the fresh IVF/ICSI cycle-a retrospective multicenter study / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of endometrial thickness(EMT)on the day of hCG administration on preg⁃nancy outcome in the fresh in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)cycle.METHODS:A retrospec⁃tive analysis was conducted of 3601 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles between January 1,2015 and December 31,2015 in eight repro⁃ductive centers.The endometrial thickness was measured on hCG injection day and the distribution of endometrial thick⁃ness and pregnancy outcome was drawn.Patients were divided into two groups based on the EMT:group A(289 cycles,EMT<8 mm),group B(3312 cycles,EMT≥duration of pregnancy and birth weight of single gestation were compared.RESULTS:Group A had significantly lower clini⁃cal pregnancy rate(46.0% vs.55.9%,P=0.001),live birth rates(35.3% vs. 47.0%,P=0.000)and higher pregnancy loss rate(23.3% vs.15.8%,P=0.024)compared with group B,while there was no significant difference in duration of pregnan⁃cy or birth weight of single gestation.Logistic regression analyses showed that clinical pregnancy rate(aOR=1.492,P=0.001)and live birth rate(aOR=1.621,P=0.000)increased in group B compared with group A,when correcting for the women age,BMI and transfer embryo numbers.CONCLUSION:The endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administra⁃tion affects the pregnancy outcome in the fresh IVF/ICSI cycle.When EMT<8 mm,the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate of IVF-ET are lower,and the patient should be well informed before making the decision of em⁃bryo transfer.However,endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration does not affect the duration of preg⁃nancy and the birth weight of the fetus.

Clinical features, gene mutation and genetic counseling in Rett syndrome patients / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2 gene) from typical sporadic Rett syndrome patients,explore the correlations between their genotype and phenotype,assist in genetic counseling.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from 2 patients and their parents using standard protocols.Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were performed using specific primers from 4 exons in MECP2 gene.Results No mutations were found in exon 1,2,3.Two different heterozygous missense mutations in exon 4 within MECP2 gene were identified from 2 patients.Their nuclear acid changes were:c.C473T and c.C397T,leading to amino acid change accordingly:p.T158M and p.R133C.There were no same mutations from their parents.Phenotype of patient with c.C397T was milder than patient with c.C473T.Conclusions Most of typical Rett syndrome patients had mutations in MECP2 gene.Gene test should be performed.Their biological parents should be detected accordingly if the patient had positive found to support genetic counseling.

Outcomes of IVF-ET and percentage of morphologically normal sperm before and after swim-up treatment / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between sperm morphology and the outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) before and after swim-up treatment of sperm on the day of oocyte retrieval.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 94 couples to be treated by IVF-ET for tubal factor infertility. Sperm samples were collected on the day of oocyte retrieval and sperm morphology evaluated according to the Kruger criteria before and after swim-up treatment. Based on the results of morphological evaluation, the sperm samples were divided into groups A1 (morphologically normal sperm > or = 10% after swim-up treatment), A2 (morphologically normal sperm < 10% after swim-up treatment), B1 (morphologically normal sperm > or = 10% before swim-up treatment) and B2 (morphologically normal sperm < 10% before swim-up treatment). The outcomes of IVF-ET treatment were compared between groups A1 and A2 as well as between B1 and B2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After swim-up treatment, the rates of fertilization, cleavage, good quality embryo, clinical pregnancy and embryo implantation of group A1 were (72.72 +/- 3.35)%, (95.64 +/- 2.04)%, (24.39 +/- 4.57)%, 50.00% and 23.87%, respectively, while those of group A2 were (70.27 +/- 8.82)%, (94.82 +/- 4.94)%, (13.45 +/- 7.39)%, 9.52% and 6.25%, respectively, the latter three indexes remarkably higher in A1 than in A2 (P < 0.05), but the differences in the former two not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Before swim-up treatment, the above five indexes were (72.90 +/- 4.23)%, (95.20 +/- 2.61)%, (23.35 +/- 5.19)%, 39.58% and 18.35% in group B1, as compared with (71.33 +/- 5.10)%, (95.71 +/- 2.88)%, (20.18 +/- 6.15)%, 41.86% and 21.28% in group B2, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The percentage of morphologically normal sperm after swim-up treatment on the day of oocyte retrieval may be a valuable predictor of the outcomes of IVF-ET.</p>

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection for obstructive azoospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To sum up the experience in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed 107 cases of obstructive azoospermia treated by ICSI in our center from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2008, and compared the rates of fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy between the patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD) and those with non-CBAVD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 949 oocytes were injected for the 107 patients undergoing ICSI, of which 678 (71.4%) were fertilized and 605 (89.2%) cleaved, with 44 pregnancies (41.4%). Of the 442 oocytes injected for the 49 patients with CBAVD, 308 (69.6%) were fertilized and 279 (90.6%) cleaved, with 27 pregnancies (55.1%), and of the 507 oocytes injected for the 58 cases induced by inflammation or surgery, 370 (72.9%) were fertilized and 326 (88.1%) cleaved, with 17 pregnancies (29.3%). The rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in the CBAVD than in the non-CBAVD group (P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences in the rates of fertilization and cleavage between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PESA or TESE combined with ICSI is an effective approach to the treatment of male infertility induced by obstructive azoospermia, which may achieve a higher rate of pregnancy in patients with CBAVD than in those with non-CBAVD. Inflammation or surgery may not only cause the obstruction of the deferent duct, but also affect sperm quality, and consequently reduce the potentiality of embryonic development.</p>

Clinical observation on treatment of diabetic nephropathy with Chinese drugs combined with benazepril / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effect on renal function of Chinese drugs combined with benazepril in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adopting stratified randomized and controlled design, 108 patients with DN were assigned to two groups. Besides the same measures of diet regulation, exercise, education, hypoglycemic and symptomatic treatment applied, benazepril was administered to all patients, and Chinese drugs were given to patients in the treated group additionally. The treatment course was 3 months. The changes before and after treatment of symptoms and signs, 24-h urinary protein (24 hUpro), serum creatinine (SCr), serum creatinine clearance rate (CCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma glucose (PG) and blood pressure (BP) were observed, and the time of dialysis therapy initiating was recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SCr and 24 hUpro decreased and CCr increased in the treated group significantly (P < 0.01), and the improvement were superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the renal living time in the treated group was longer than that in the control group, but no significant different in BUN, PG and BP was found between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment program of Chinese drugs combined with benazepril could obviously reduce the levels of SCr and 24 hUpro, increase CCr in patients with DN, and its effect in improving renal function is better than that of using benazepril alone.</p>

Problems and Measures on the Opening of Laboratories / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The opening of laboratories in universities is one of important parts in teaching reform and it is necessary for bringing up high-qualified students.Combined with the practical teaching,we have a primary discussion with the problems of the laborato- ry opening and put forward some suggestions and measures.

The relationship of wire offset and lingual component force on first molar / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the strength of lingual component force on first molar while retraction canine by 150 g tractive force with different sizes of arch wire and with different widths of molar offset on the wire.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wires with different sizes and different materials [0.40 mm and 0.45 mm stainless round wires, 0.40 mm and 0.45 mm Australia wires, 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm (0.016 x 0.022 inch) and 0.46 mm x 0.63 mm (0.017 x 0.025 inch) rectangular stainless wires] were ligated in ideal arch Typodont when the canine was retracted with 150 g force in the direction from the molar buccal hook to the central point of canine bracket's distal wing under different widths of molar offset (1 mm, 2mm, 3mm). the lingual force applied on the first molar was measured by a self-made dynamometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. There is lingual component force applied to the first molar while retracting canine with 150 g tractive force. 2. the bigger the cross section area of the wire and the stronger the rigidity of the wire, the smaller the lingual component force turns. The ability of the wire in deducting the lingual component force is in direct ratio with the cross section area and the rigidity of the wire. 3. While the width of wire offset increases, the lingual force produced by the tractive force applied to the first molar decreases lineally.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is lingual force produced on the anchorage molar when retracting canine. In clinic for avoiding the lingual movement of the first molar, increasing the size of wire or increasing the width of wire offset is suggested.</p>

Variation of Cell Populations Taking Charge of Immunity in Human Peripheral Blood Following Hot Spring Bathing. Quantitative Discussion / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

In order to investigate an effects of the hot spring within a short period on immune system of human, the leukocyte, monocytes, lymphocyte and lymphocyte surface markers: CD2, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19 and CD57 were tested in the human peripheral blood of twenty-three healthy volunteers by hot spring bathing. The results were as follows: Total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood significantly increased in an older group after hot spring bathing (p<0.01). However, we obtained a clear decrease in the number of granulocyte after hot spring bathing in the younger group (p<0.01). In addition, we found greater increase of the CD16⁺ cell counts and a clear decrease of the CD19⁺ cell counts in older group. But in younger group, we also obtained an increase of CD8⁺, CD16⁺ cells after hot spring bathing. These results indicated that hot spring bathing can regulate the physical immune system.<br>According to the percentage of lymphocytes or granulocytes in the total leukocytes, volunteers were divided into two types, more than 70% of granulocyte were recognized as G type and more than 40% of lymphocyte were divided in the L type. We found an increase of lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets as well as a decrease in granulocyte in G group by hot spring bathing. But in L group, especially, indicated a greater increase in granulocyte and a decrease in lymphocyte subsets. We suggest that hot sping bathing can regulate by an autonomic nerve system, making it suitable.

Variation of Cell Populations Taking Charge of Immunity in Human Peripheral Blood Following Hot Spring Bathing. Qualitative Discussion / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

We have simultaneously proved that cell populations taking charge of immunity in human peripheral blood can be regulated quantitatively by hot spring bathing. Now, we investigated the effect of hot spring bathing qualitatively on cytokine production by lymphocyte cell in human peripheral blood estimating by cytokine containing cell by FACScan. We found a significant increase in IFN-γ containing cells after hot spring bathing and an increase in IL-4 with no statistical significance after hot spring bathing. In addition, we found significant negative relationship between the level of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-1β before hot spring bathing and the ratio of cytokine that increased in variation after hot spring bathing. Namely, after hot spring bathing, there was a decrease of cytokine producing cells in subjects who had higher level before hot spring bathing. But an increase in subjects who had lower level before hot spring bathing, the trend was concentrated toward average levels in the cytokine production by lymphocyte in peripheral blood. So we suggest that hot spring bathing can promote acquired immunity to make it possible more suitable as immune reaction.

Immunomodulating Activity of Hochu-ekki-to against Mouse Model for Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Risk factors for developing hemolytic uremic syndrome among patients with enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157: H7 (EHEC) infection include age. The young, especially those under the age of five, face an increased risk, as do the elderly. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of Hochu-ekki-to (HET) on intraperitoneal infection with EHEC, using immunosuppressant, dexamethasone (Dex)-treated mice.<br>It was found that HET induced improvement of Dex-induced leukopenia. Similarly, the IgM-plaque forming cell responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) were restored by the administration of HET to the normal-mice level in Dex-treated mice. Consequently, HET was administered orally into the Dex-treated mice before infection with EHEC to observe the therapeutic effect. With the oral administration of 500mg/kg/head of HET into the Dex-treated mice, prolonged survival was shown: the 50% survival time in the HET-administered mice was four days, compared with one day in the non-administered controls. In addition, the number of bacteria in the liver was reduced by the administration of HET in the Dex-treated mice.<br>The results indicate that orally administered-HET protects against EHEC infection in Dex-treated mice, and such protective effects appear to be due to the restorative effects of HET against the Dex-induced immunosuppression.

Antibacterial Effect of the Kampo Herbal Medicine, Hochu-ekki-to on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Positive Mice / 日本東洋医学雑誌

A decline in the immunopotential of the host plays an essential role in the occurrence of infections with methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) or other multi-drug resistant microorganisms. In the present study, mytomycin C (MMC)-treated mice with or without the infection of MRSA were used to examine the bacteriostatic action as well as the immunopotentiating action of the promising herbal medicine, Hochu-ekki-to (HET). Basic experimental data showed the drug to be effective in the treatment of MRSA infection. Eight to ten week old male C57BL mice were injected with MMC at a dosage of 5mg/kg/day to inhibit the bone marrow, thus creating a mouse model with reduced immunopotential. A powder extract of HET was administered orally at a dosage of 500mg/kg/day for seven consecutive days. For the infection of MRSA 1×10⁹ cell were injected intraperitoneally. Peritoneal macrophages were prepared by the adherence technique. Macrophage migration, phagocytic activity, and the bactericidal activity were examined by the Boyden chamber method, by the phagocytosis for fluorescent-activated latex beads, and by the nitroblue tetra zolium (NBT) reduction test, respectively.<br>After the administration of HET, the number of white blood cells in the MMC-treated mice recovered to 80% of the normal value. In addition, the phagocytic activity of macrophages increased to 50%, although that of the non-treated group was only 20%. The bactericidal activity also recovered to a level close to the normal value. The ratio of neutrophils in the HET administered MMC-treated group increased to 2.2% (normal mice, 2.6%) whereas that of the MMC-treated control group was 0.5%. Concerning the function of the immunological cells, IL-1beta and IFNgamma levels were recovered by treatment with HET, as observed by IL-1beta, IL-2 and IFNgamma monitoring. The bacterial count in the liver of the MRSA challenged mice, with or without HET administration peaked 6 hours after the challenge. The number of the group with HET administration was, however, much greater than that of the group without HET administration. The bacteria count in the blood showed an increase 12 and 24 hours after the challenge. Even 24 hours after the challenge, a significant number of bacterial cells existed in the blood of the group without HET administration, whereas only a small number of cells were detected 6 hours after the challenge. All of the control mice died 8 days after the MRSA challenge, whereas the survival rates were 60% for HET treatment, 40% for the vancomycin treatment, and 80% for the HET plus vancomycin treatment, respectively.<br>As we move towards a society with a high percentage of elderly people, the authors believe Chinese herbal medicine, which activates the immunopotential, will be very helpful in the treatment of opportunistic infections that are common among elderly patients.

Establishment of Mouse Model for Salmonella Infection and Trial of Immunomodulating Therapy using Hochu-ekki-to / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Resistance to facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens depends on acquired cell-mediated immunity and activation of macrophages by T- lymphocytes. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is believed to be an important mediator of acquired cell-mediated immunity. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Hochu-ekki-to (HET) on the survival rate and cytokine production with <i>Salmonella</i> infection model by using EL-4-bearing C57BL/6 mice. 1) When HET was administered orally to the tumor-bearing mice, it extended the survival time compared with non-treated controls in experimental infection by virulent strain 116-54. 2) The effect of HET on production of IFN-gamma in cultured splenocytes was tested by using the tumorbearing mice immunized with attenuated live SER strain. Spleen cells prepared from the mice treated with HET produced high levels of IFN-gamma compared with non-treated controls.<br>The results indicated that orally administered-HET enhanced protective ability to primary <i>Salmonella</i> infection and production of IFN-gamma accompanied by vaccination in EL-4-bearing C57BL/6 mice.

Clinical Observation on Yishen Paizhuo Decoction for Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure Patients of 42 Cases / 中医杂志

Objective To observe the effect of Yishen Paizhuo Decoction(Decoction for reinforcing the kidney and discharging the turbid)on chronic renal failure(CRF)patients.Methods The 82 CRF patients were randomized into observation group(42 cases) and control group(40 cases).In addition to the routine treatment,the observation group was administered modified Yishen Paizbuo Decoction,and the control group was given coated aldehyde oxystarch.The course of treatment was 6 months for both groups. Changes of clinical symptoms,renal functions,blood fat,and hemoglobin were observed,and the linear regression evaluation and renal survival evaluation were employed to evaluate the development of CRF.Results The improvement of observation group in renal func- tions and blood fat was remarkable with the increased renal survival rate,compared with the control group,the difference was signifi- cant(P