Epidural and intrathecal ketamine and medazolam in dogs

This experimental work was conducted on 16 apparently healthy notivebreed dogs of varying ages and weights. The animals were divided into four groups each of four dogs. Two groups were used for epidural and intrathecal administration of ketamine, the other two groups for Medazolam. The dose of ketamine and Medazolam were 30 mg and 5 mg respectively. The clinical manifestations were noted and the histopathological examination of the spinal cords and their meninges was carried out after 24 hours of drugs injection. The results revealed good analgesic response and the presence of very mild perivascular lesions in the spinal cords which are reversible in nature

effects of supplemental doses of succinylcholine, halothane and ketamine during the induction delivery time on the mother and the neonates

30 full-term healtny patients undergoing cesarean section were divided into three groups and given supplemental doses of succinylcholine, halothane and ketamine during the induction delivery time to reduce recall and awareness and their adverse effects on mother and fetus, due to lack of analgesia. The mean value of the total dose of succinylcholine given was 126 mg, of halothane was 0.6% and of ketamine was 44 mg. There were no significant changes in pulse and blood pressure or uterine bleeding and contractility except recall and awareness which was recorded with succinylcholine. The mean induction delivery time was 10.87 minutes and the mean uterine incision delivery time was 102.67 seconds. The mean Apgar score at one minute was 6.87, while its mean at five minutes was 9.17. None of the newborns needed any unusual resuscitative measures. Mean Apgar score at one minute of age was 7.07 when delivery occurred within 10 minutes of induction of anaesthesia and decreased to 6.71 in patients delivered from 11-20 minutes. It can be concluded that ketamine and halothane can be given in supplemental doses with oxygen after induction of anaesthesia for cesarean section provided that there were no contraindications for their use, because they had no significant effects on maternal hemodynamics and uterine contractility and bleeding and also no significant effects on the condition of the neonate