Diagnostic value of whole exome sequencing for patients with intellectual disability or global developmental delay / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the diagnostic value of whole exome sequencing (WES) for patients with intellectual disability (ID) or global developmental delay (GDD).@*METHODS@#134 individuals with ID or GDD who presented at Chenzhou First People's Hospital between May 2018 and December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. WES was carried out on peripheral blood samples of the patients and their parents, and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and co-segregation analysis. The pathogenicity of the variants was predicted based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).@*RESULTS@#A total of 46 pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertion/deletion (InDel) variants, 11 pathogenic genomic copy number variants (CNVs), and 1 uniparental diploidy (UPD) were detected, which yielded an overall detection rate of 43.28% (58/134). The 46 pathogenic SNV/InDel have involved 62 mutation sites in 40 genes, among which MECP2 was the most frequent (n = 4). The 11 pathogenic CNVs have included 10 deletions and 1 duplication, which have ranged from 0.76 to 15.02 Mb. A loss of heterozygosity (LOH) region of approximately 15.62 Mb was detected in 15q11.2q12 region in a patient, which was validated as paternal UPD based on the result of trio-WES. The patient was ultimately diagnosed as Angelman syndrome.@*CONCLUSION@#WES can detect not only SNV/InDel, but also CNV and LOH. By integrating family data, WES can accurately determine the origin of the variants and provide a useful tool for uncovering the genetic etiology of patients with ID or GDD.

Advances of microneedle vaccines in transcutaneous immunization / 药学学报

Vaccination is an effective way to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. As a needle-free transcutaneous immunization (NF-TCI) vaccination technology, microneedles (MNs), composed of multiple micro-needles orderly attached to a substrate, can overcome the problems of low immune efficiency, poor compliance and waste of resources that exists in the conventional vaccination by injection, thus becoming a research hotspot in biomedicine. The microneedle vaccine can directly break through the stratum corneum barrier of the skin without touching nerves and blood vessels in the dermis, and effectively delivers the vaccine to the immune cells in the skin tissue to initiate the immune response of the body, thus triggering strong humoral and cellular immune processes. Vaccine delivery via the MNs system possesses the advantages of high safety, satisfying immune effect and practical economy, and shows great prospect in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and antineoplastic therapy. This article reviews the development background of MNs in transcutaneous immunization, the types of vaccine delivery, the factors affecting the immune effect, the problems to be solved and development direction in the future.

Role and Mechanism of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Their Compound Formulas with Effects of Replenishing Qi， Activating Blood， and Dispelling Stasis in Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Heart failure with high prevalence is the endpoint of many cardiovascular diseases. Once diagnosed， patients usually need lifelong medication， which seriously affects their quality of life. The drugs commonly used to treat heart failure include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors， beta-blockers， aldosterone receptor antagonists， and diuretics. However， the long-term use of those drugs can lead to side effects such as hypotension， depletion of body fluid， and electrolyte imbalance and even increase mortality. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， Qi deficiency and blood stagnation is the major cause of heart failure and when Qi is not moving， blood is not flowing. Therefore， the TCM clinical treatment of heart failure uses the Chinese medicinal materials which replenish Qi， activate blood， and dispell stasis to treat both internal cause and external symptoms. Recent studies have demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines such as Astragali Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， as well as the compound formulas such as Buyang Huanwutang， Simiao Yongantang， Qili Qiangxin capsules， and Qishen Yiqi drops， play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of heart failure via replenishing Qi， activating blood， and dispelling stasis. Inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses， mitigation of myocardial fibrosis， improvement of calcium cycling， and protection of mitochondrial function represent the key mechanisms for the treatment of heart failure with Chinese medicinal materials. Focusing on the pathogenic mechanisms and signaling pathways of heart failure， this paper systematically describes the pharmacological effects， molecular mechanisms， and research progress in the clinical application of Chinese medicinal herbs with effects of replenishing Qi， activating blood， and dispelling stasis and their compound formulas in the prevention and treatment of heart failure， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the development and clinical use of anti-heart failure Chinese medicinal materials.

A case of infantile occult primary intestinal lymphangiectasia / 中国综合临床

Objective:In order to improve the understanding of the clinical, endoscopic and pathological characteristics of occult primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in infants, and to reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, we analyzed the clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment related data of a case of primary intestinal lymphangitis in Xiamen Children′s Hospital.The patient was admitted to the hospital with bronchopneumonia, mild diarrhea and edema, without decreasing in the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, showing hypoproteinemia.Albumin infusion failed to alleviate hypoalbuminemia, and then gastroscopy showed that the duodenal segment had white millet like granular protrusion with different sizes and dense density, and the mucosa had extensive leukoplakia like lesions.Pathological examination showed that the small intestinal lymphadenectasia was obvious, and then the small intestinal lymphadenectasia was confirmed.After diagnosis, albumin was infused every two days for two consecutive courses and portagen medium chain fatty acid milk powder was fed.After treatment, the total protein and albumin in the plasma basically rose to the normal level, and the color Doppler ultrasonography of abdomen and chest showed that both pleural effusion and bilateral pulmonary effusion had been absorbed.The retrospective analysis of this case shows that for infants with dropsy caused by the decrease of plasma albumin and globulin, the possibility of excessive protein consumption caused by liver and kidney disease, tumor, tuberculosis and other chronic diseases should be excluded, and small intestinal lymphadenopathy should be considered, gastroscopy should be performed as soon as possible, pathological biopsy should be further improved, early diagnosis and treatment should be carried out as soon as possible And diet intervention treatment to avoid serious consequences caused by not timely handling.

Status, problems and improvement measures of health insurance reimbursement of national negotiated drugs used in outpatients / 中国药科大学学报

@#The access negotiations of National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) in China from 2017 to 2019 effectively improved the availability and affordability of high-value innovative drugs. However,the actual outpatient reimbursement of most negotiated drugs is lower,which affects the patients" health insurance funds. In this paper,97 negotiated drugs in 337 overall planning cities were selected as samples to analyze the outpatient reimbursement for negotiated drugs. The results showed that the reimbursement level of 40 negotiated drugs was less than 50% in over 70% cities,which can be mainly interpreted as absence or imperfection of outpatient reimbursement policies for special diseases. Finally,this paper puts forward suggestions and protocols for improving the outpatient medical insurance through realizing outpatient overall planning,improving outpatient reimbursement policies for special diseases,and exploring innovative payment,ensuring the achievement of the access to NRDL.

Effect of advanced airway establishment on prognostic evaluation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality index during cardiopulmonary resuscitation / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality index (CQI) is based on pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform (POP), which have been proved able to reflect the peripheral circulation state as good as the quality of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It has been confirmed that CQI is as good as the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ETCO 2) in prognostic evaluation of CPR patients. The purpose of this study was to explore whether advanced airway establishment affects the prognostic value of CQI during CPR. Methods:This was a prospective descriptive study. 376 patients receiving CPR were divided into advanced airway group and non-advanced airway group according to whether advanced airway was established, each of which was divided into ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation) group and non-ROSC group according to whether they got ROSC. The changes of CQI and P ETCO 2 during CPR were collected, and the relation of these parameters and the prognosis of patients was analyzed. Results:In advanced airway group, both CQI [(63.3±20.7) vs (49.7±23.8)] and P ETCO 2 [(19.8 (11.4, 31.6) vs 8.8 (3.3, 15.8)] mmHg were statistically different between ROSC group and non-ROSC group ( P <0.05). The cut-off value for these two parameters were 60.4 and 16.3 mmHg respectively. There was no significant difference between the two curves ( P>0.05). In the non-advanced airway group, CQI [(63.0±21.8) vs (42.2±29.0)] were also statistically different between the ROSC group and the non-ROSC group ( P <0.05). The cut-off value of CQI in advanced airway group and non-advanced airway group were 60.4 and 61.1, respectively. And there was no statistical difference between the two curves ( P>0.05). Conclusions:During CPR, CQI can be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients, which is as good as that of P ETCO 2. Establishment of advanced airway does not affect the prognostic evaluation of CQI during CPR.

Efficacy of integrated minimally invasive treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome with varicose veins of lower extremities / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the efficacy of integrated minimally invasive surgery for iliac vein compression syndrome with varicose veins of lower extremities.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2018, 11 patients with iliac vein compression syndrome accompanied by varicose veins of lower extremities underwent left iliac vein stent implantation and radiofrequency thermal ablation of lower extremity veins in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The left iliac vein stent was implanted through the puncture point approach of the main great saphenous vein, and then radiofrequency thermal ablation of the main saphenous vein was performed. Rivaroxaban and aspirin were administered from the day of surgery for 6 months and 12 months, respectively. After discharge, patients were followed up for more than 6 months. The lower extremity veins, iliac veins were reexamined by Doppler ultrasound or CT angiography at 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after surgery.@*RESULTS@#The operations were successfully performed in 11 patients, and no complication was observed during the operation. The rates of soreness and swelling remission, pigmentation and skin quality improvement, and the iliac vein stent patency were 100%. No varicose vein recurrence, iliofemoral vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were found.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Integrated minimally invasive surgery is safe, effective and less invasive for iliac vein compression syndrome with varicose veins of lower extremities.

Effect of baicalein on pancreas insulin secretion in rats and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of baicalein on insulin secretion from rat islets and the underlying mechanism. Methods Pancreatic islets were obtained from the pancreas of male Wistar rats by collagenase P digestion and histopaque-1077 density gradient separa-tion. Single islet cells were dispersed from pancreatic islets by Dispase II digestion. Insulin secretion experi-ment was applied to observe insulin release after baica-lein stimulation. To study the potential mechanism, calcium imaging technique and patch-clamp experiment were applied to measure intracellular Ca2+ concentra-tion and voltage-dependent potassium channel currents (Kv). Results In 16. 7mmol·L-1 glucose, baica-lein accelerated insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalein promoted the intracellular Ca2+ con-centration. The patch-clamp experiment showed that baicalein inhibited Kv current in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Baicalein can increase the in-tracellular Ca2+ concentration by inhibiting Kv chan-nels and eventually promoting insulin secretion.

Endovascular treatment of spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery / 中华普通外科杂志

Objectives To evaluate the effect of endovascular treatment for spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SIDSMA).Methods There were 41 men and 7 women patients, aged at 32-78 years.46 patients presented with abdominal pain and 3 patients was asymptomatic.The SIDSMA was diagnosed by computed tomography angiography(CTA).Results In the 45 symptomatic patients, one was treated by laparotomy, SMA thrombectomy and necrotic bowel resection.44 patients underwent endovasular treatment, among them 2 patients failed endovasular procedure.The other 42 patients underwent successful intravascular remolding.3 asymptomatic patients underwwent conservative treatment.During the mean (17 ± 4)month follow-up period, computed tomography angiography showed patent true lumen in all the 42 patients.The 2 patients in which the endovascular intervention failed remain symptomatic of recurrent abdominal pain and digestive dysfunction.Conclusions The endovascular interventional therapy is safe and effective for SIDSMA.

Effects of Niupo Zhibao pellet on helper T cell expression in rats with endotoxin-induced acute pulmonary fibrosis / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Niupo Zhibao pellet, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine,on helper T cell(Th cell)expression in rats with endotoxin-induced rapid pulmonary fibrosis (RPF). Methods Two hundred and twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control,model,dexamethasone(DXM)and Niupo Zhibao pellet(NW)groups(each n=56). By using endotoxin three-hit regimen,the RPF model was established. Three days before and 7 days after the establishment of models in NW group,they were administered with the pellet by intragastric feeding,50 mg/100 g of distilled water twice a day,a total of 10 days medication. Rats in DXM group received DXM intraperitoneal injection,3.0 mg/kg once a day for consecutive 7 days. Rats in normal control group were administered with the same volume of distilled water by intragastric administration. On 1,3,7,9,14,21,28 days after the administration,blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)specimens were collected. The contents of γ-interferon(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(IL-4) in the serum and BALF were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). The lung tissue was stained by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Van Gieson respectively. Morphological changes in lung tissue were observed under light microscope. Results HE staining showed that the pulmonary interstitial tissues of rats in model group were thickened,there was a large amount of inflammatory exudates,and micro thrombi were seem in alveolar space. The pulmonary interstitial tissues in rats of DXM group were thickened too,but the inflammatory exudate in alveolar space was much less. Compared to rats in DXM group,the rats in NW group had slightly more inflammatory exudate and their pulmonary interstitial tissues were basically normal. Van Gieson staining showed that the expression of collagen fiber in model group was obvious,that of DXM group less than the former one but not significant,while that in the NW group was reduced markedly. ELISA assays demonstrated that the levels of IFN-γin BALF and serum in model group were increased significantly,those in DXM group were lowered to the minimum on the 7th day,raised to the levels before treatment on the 14th day,and gradually declined on the 21st day. In the NW group,the IFN-γwas consistently at a high level,and then gradually declined at a slow rate. After 7 days of drug administration,the IFN-γ levels in BALF and serum at various time points in NW group were obviously higher than those in model and DXM groups〔BALF(ng/L):140.47±4.22 vs. 149.23±8.35,90.67±6.65;serum(ng/L):140.47±4.15 vs. 100.43±11.05,99.35±7.85,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. The levels of IL-4 in BALF and serum in each group increased significantly,reached to their maximum on the 7th day,and then gradually decreased. After the drug administration for 28 days,those levels in NW group were obviously lower than those in model and DXM group〔BALF(ng/L):6.60±1.05 vs. 7.20±1.25,8.55±1.05,serum(ng/L):6.75±1.05 vs. 7.21±1.25,8.25±1.15,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. Conclusion Niupo Zhibao pellet can suppress inflammation,ameliorate injury of lungs and inhibit lung fibrosis by promoting IFN-γsecretion,restraining IL-4 secretion and adjusting the imbalance of Th cells.

Construction of digital three-dimensional models of renal stones and virtual surgery simulation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct three-dimensional (3D) models of renal stones and perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) virtual surgery simulation. Methods CT images were obtained from 8 patients with renal stones. Images segmentation and reconstruction were performed using MIMICS 10.0 software to construct the 3D model of the renal stones, which provided the anatomical relationships between the kidney and the adjacent organs. The optimal PCNL virtual surgery simulation for each individual case was performed using FreeForm Modeling System on the basis of the 3D model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight 3D models of renal stone were constructed. The 3D model of the renal stones represented the interrelationships of the stones, intrarenal vessel, and the collecting system with the adjacent anatomical structures. Individualized PCNL virtual surgery simulations including percutaneous puncture, dilatation and pneumatic lithotripsy were performed successfully in all the 8 3D models.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Digital 3D model of renal stone provides the reliable and comprehensive imaging information for surgical design, and PCNL virtual surgery simulation has important clinical significance to improve the stone clearance rate and reduce the surgical complications.</p>

Single-port laparoscopic surgery for radical nephrectomy: report of 22 cases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>[corrected] To evaluate the method and technique of single-port laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Form January 2009 to September 2011, 22 patients with renal carcinoma were treated with single-port laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. An incision about 5 cm in length was made through the umbilicus or in the postaxillary line under the 12th rib to establish the peritoneal or retroperitoneal working space. A single-port cannulation was deployed and the operation was carried out using standard and crooked laparoscopic equipment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operations were completed successfully in all the 22 cases without conversion to open surgery, but additional trocar was needed in 5 cases. The mean operative time of radical nephrectomy was 150 min (90-240 min). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.6 days (3-15 days). The operation left a roughly 5-cm-long scar in all the cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Single-port laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is safe and feasible with good cosmetic effect and shows much potential in radical resection of renal carcinoma.</p>

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy through the upper pole calix access for complicated renal calculi: report of 581 cases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the optimal approach of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for treatment of complicated renal calculi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 581 patients with complicated renal calculus were treated by PCNL through the upper pole calix access. Of the 581 patients, 55 had multiple upper pole calculi, 136 had staghorn stones, 145 had partial staghorn stones, and 245 had multiple renal calculi.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCNL through the upper pole calix access was completed successfully in all the cases. Of these patients, 90.3% (525/581) were stone-free after a single access, with a total stone-free rate of 94.6% (550/581). Thirty-five patients needed two accesses, 10 needed 3 accesses, 2 required 4 accesses, and 1 patients had 5 accesses. The operative time ranged from 30 to 150 min (mean 45 min). The successful rate of puncture was 100% without occurrence of severe injury of the pleura, intestine, peritoneum or other adjacent organs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy through the upper pole calix access allows greater stone clearance rate due to its easy access into the intrarenal collecting system and can be an ideal approach for PCNL for complicated renal calculi.</p>

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treating upper urinary calculi under local anesthesia ( report of 1363 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discuss the feasibility of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for treating upper urinary calculi under local anesthesia.Methods One thousand three hundred and sixty-three patients who suffered with upper urinary calculi were treated with PCNL, the puncture and tracts were created using local anesthesia and guided through ultrasound.Of the 1363 patients, 475 patients had complicated renal caluli, 520 patients had kidney pelvic calculi and 368 had upper uretere calculi.Results All of the patients successfully received PCNL under the local anesthesia.Of the 1363 patients five tracts were used in two patients, four tracts were used in four patients, three tracts were used in nine patients, double tracts were used in 25 patents and one tract was used in the remaining patients.The stone-free rate was 96.0% in the kidney pelvic calculi patients, 100.0% in the upper uretere calculi patients, and 90.1% in the complicated renal caluli patients.90.0% patients were find well throught the operation, 10.0% patients find a little pain and solved by another more 5 - 10 ml lidocaine local injection or 50 - 75 mg pethidine hydrochloride intramuscular injection.No case stop operation because of pain or position changed.All without any severe complications such as damaged of liver, spleen, thorax and intestine.Conclusion The PCNL handled under local anesthesia was simple safe and effective, deserved clinical popularizing use.

Clinical effects of super hair removal mode / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect and comfortable degree of the mode of super hair removal. Methods The mode of super hair removal was used to depilate the hair nearby the hair line, cheeks, upper lip, beard, ventrum, areola of breast, axillary cavity, extremities, bikini area and so on. The total number of sites was 1 000. Some sites that were especially susceptible to pain, for example, upper lip and buccal region, were smeared with compound lidocaine cream for 1 hour at least before treatment. Results Hairs in the areas of extremities, ventrum, back and axillary cavity generally needed 4 to 5 times to eradicate, and the patients had no evident discomfortableness; hairs near to the upper lip and lower mandible generally needed 5 to 7 times to reach the effect which the patient was content, and anesthetics was indispensable, or the patients would present discomfortableness. Conclusions The mode of super hair removal is more effective, quicker and more comfortable in comparison with conventional methods. Therefore, it deserves to be spread.

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction for bladder tumor in a 3-year-old boy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To present a case of laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction for bladder tumor in a child.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 3-year-old boy with bladder rhabdomyosarcoma underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy and detenial sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. The bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and cystectomy were performed laparoscopically, and removal of the mobilized specimens and urinary diversion operation were managed through enlarged abdomen incision. The urinary diversion procedure included construction of the detenial sigmoid pouch, bilateral stented antiflux implantation of the ureters in the pouch and orthotopic anastomosis of the neobladder with the urethra.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total operative time was 6 h, and the laparoscopic procedure lasted for about 3.5 h. The intraoperative blood loss was 50 ml, and 200 ml concentrated red blood cell transfusion was used for the safety of the patient. Six dissected lymph nodes in each pelvic side and the surgical margins of the ureter and urethra were all free of tumor invasion. Bowel peristalsis recovered 3 days after the operation, and the pelvic drainage and the neobladder drainage tubes were removed on day 7 and 14, respectively. The urethral catheter and ureteral stents were removed 25 days after the operation. The daytime urine control and micturition recovered 1 week after the operation. The neobladder capacity was about 110 ml, with residual urine volume of 10 ml and peak flow rate of 12 ml/s after 5 months. No perioperative complications occurred such as water-electrolyte and metabolic acid-base balance disorders, urinary leakage, reflux or bowel obstruction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is minimally invasive, reduces intraoperative blood loss and allows rapid postoperative recovery, and can be a promising approach to management of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in children.</p>

Chemokine SR-PSOX/CXCL16 expression in peripheral blood of patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein/CXC chemokine ligand 16 (SR-PSOX/CXCL16) promotes foam cell formation through the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mediated mechanism. Because chemokine CXCL16 could be expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and induce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, we presume that the monocyte SR-PSOX/CXCL16 detection in the patients' peripheral blood will be important for early diagnosis and prognosis of atherosclerosis (AS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enrolled in this study were 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 20 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 20 normal controls. Monocytes in the peripheral blood were isolated, and the changes of expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX mRNA were compared using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with beta-actin as internal control. We compared the expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX in the ACS subgroups, using Western-blot to analyze protein expression levels. Tissue sections were made from biopsy specimens taken from patients with infective endocarditis, liver cirrhosis, and lung cancer as well as normal controls. And the expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX was analyzed with a confocal microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX mRNA and protein in the monocytes of peripheral blood was significantly higher in ACS patients than in normal controls (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in CXCL16/SR-PSOX expression between UAP group and AMI group (P > 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that there were low expression of SR-PSOX in normal vascular endothelial cells and enhanced expression in every layer of the infected vessels, while spreading from endothelial cells to surrounding tissues as infection worsens. Confocal microscopy showed that the expression of SR-PSOX was enhanced in the infiltrated lymphocytes in liver cirrhosis, and that the expression level was proportionate to the degree of inflammation in the portal hepatis and folia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of CXCL16/SR-PSOX in the monocytes of peripheral blood was significantly higher in ACS patients than in the controls. CXCL16/SR-PSOX-mediated inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of ACS, and CXCL16 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of AS in humans.</p>

Application of silk fibroin film for repairing rabbit urethral defect / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of silk fibroin film for repairing urethral defect in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into experimental group, control group I and control group II. In the experimental group, a urethral defect of 1.5 cm was induced in the 12 rabbits and repaired with silk fibroin film. The 6 rabbits in control group I without the surgically induced defect served as the sham operation group, and in control group II consisting of 6 rabbits the urethral defect of 1.5 cm was induced without repair. Histological observation and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the regenerative segments of the urethra at regular time points between 2 and 16 weeks postoperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 12 rabbits in the experimental group did not show signs of urethral stricture following the surgery. The implanted silk fibroin film for defect repair was degraded completely at 16 weeks and the defect was repaired with smooth urethral mucous membrane lining and orderly arranged smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemistry identified the cells lining the defect area as the urethral epithelial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Silk fibroin film can promote the repair of urethral defect by inducing the growth of the urethral epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells.</p>

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method improving the specific amplification of caveolin-1 gene sequences / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)approach that can improve the specificity of primers while dropping down the nonspecific amplification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the recent study we reported a new RT-PCR assay which improved markedly the specificity. However its efficiency of regressing nonspecific amplification remains to be accurately checked and further documented. In primer design, we looked over again some sequences that showed differences at 5' or 3' ends between human CAV1 and mouse Cav1 genes. cDNAs and the diluted plasmids which harbored the sequence of human CAV1 or mouse Cav1 gene were chosen as the templates. The ordinary PCR compared with one, of which primers modified by phosphorothioate and combined with proofreading polymerase, for their efficiencies of nonspecific amplification inhibited.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Taq DNA polymerase without proofreading activity could efficiently catalyze the extension of primers with a single or multiple mismatched base pairs at the 3' terminus, but the kind of primer extension can be effectively blocked by phosphorothioate modified primers combined with proofreading polymerase. Compared with ordinary PCR reaction, this new PCR method can effectively regress the primer mismatched amplification of 50 ng DNA almost equaling to 2 x 10(4) unmatched template copies in a final volume of 50 microL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the first generation of polymerases with or without proofreading activities mediating RT-PCR reaction, the introduction of nuclease-resistant 3' modified primers (3' phosphorothioate primer extension) can offer more simplicity, accuracy, and also decrease cost.</p>